Hierarchy

01Section I — LIVE ANIMALS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS

0100000000LIVE ANIMALS

0102000000Live bovine animals

0102210000Cattle

0102290000Other

0102291000Other

0102291000Of a weight not exceeding 80|kg

0102291010Young male bovine animals, intended for fattening

4 other codes

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty10.200 % + 93.100 EUR DTN

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

10.200 % + 93.100 EUR DTN

Preferential rates(41)

+31

Preferential rates - 41 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-10.2 pp	-10.2 pp	—	1
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-10.2 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-10.2 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-10.2 ppESA Interim EPA	-10.2 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-10.2 ppSADC EPA	-10.2 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-10.2 pp	-10.2 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-10.2 ppEverything But Arms	-10.2 pp	Everything But Arms
OCTs2080 0.000 %-10.2 ppOverseas Association Decision	-10.2 pp	Overseas Association Decision
Central America2200 0.000 %-10.2 ppEU-Central America Association Agreement	-10.2 pp	EU-Central America Association Agreement

Additional duties(3)

inherited from 0100000000

ERGA OMNES

50.000 %1Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

Except:BY(Belarus)RU(Russia)

1 certificate(s) required

Y155Particular provisions50.000 %

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Belarus

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Russia

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Subheading declaration -net weight/supplementary unit(1)

inherited from 0102291000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0927/122013-02-01

0 certificate(s) required

Action 1080.001/KGM KGM

CD651Declaration under this goods code is only allowed if the threshold values (net weight/supplementary unit or value/net weight or value/supplementary unit) are respected. If not, check the respective values and correct if necessary. Otherwise, another goods code should be declared.

Non-preferential tariff quota under end-use(2)

All third countries

16.000 % + 582.000 EUR TNE1Regulation 1988/202026-07-01

Except:RU(Russia)BY(Belarus)GB(United Kingdom)

1 certificate(s) required

N990UN/EDIFACT certificate

EUS - Authorisation for the use of end use procedure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Declared subheading not allowed

Measure not applicable

CD578Eligibility to benefit from this tariff quota is subject to the lodgement of a security in accordance with Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1988.

EU001The relief from or reduction of customs duties shall be subject to the conditions laid down in the relevant provisions of the European Union with a view to customs control of the use of such goods (see Article 254 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 269, 10. 10. 2013, p. 1)).

All third countries

16.000 % + 582.000 EUR TNE1Regulation 1988/202027-07-01

Except:GB(United Kingdom)RU(Russia)BY(Belarus)

1 certificate(s) required

N990UN/EDIFACT certificate

EUS - Authorisation for the use of end use procedure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Declared subheading not allowed

Measure not applicable

CD578Eligibility to benefit from this tariff quota is subject to the lodgement of a security in accordance with Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1988.

Supplementary unit(1)

inherited from 0102000000

ERGA OMNES

NARRegulation 2658/872008-01-01

Import control(2)

inherited from 0100000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -organic products(1)

inherited from 0100000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 2306/212022-01-01

Except:IS(Iceland)NO(Norway)LI(Liechtenstein)CH(Switzerland)

2 certificate(s) required

C644Other certificates

Certificate of inspection for organic products

Y929Particular provisions

Goods not concerned by Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (organic products)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD808If goods bear a reference to organic production in the labelling, advertising material or accompanying documents of products, the declarant must submit a certificate of inspection (C644) at import in accordance with Article 45(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (release for free circulation). For products not covered by Regulation (EU) 2018/848, certificate Y929 has to be declared. These provisions shall apply in addition to the rules regarding the use of the Common Health Entry Document (CHED) by the competent authorities at border control posts in accordance with Article 56(3), point (b)(i), of Regulation (EU) 2017/625 and at control points in accordance with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/2123 and with the rules on decisions on consignments laid down in Article 55 of Regulation (EU) 2017/625.

Veterinary control(2)

inherited from 0102000000

All third countries

Regulation 0632/212024-08-01

Except:AD(Andorra)NO(Norway)LI(Liechtenstein)SM(San Marino)CH(Switzerland)

6 certificate(s) required

C640Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Animals (CHED-A) (as set out in Part 2, Section A of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y170Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y175Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Liechtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y176Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y177Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Import/export not allowed after control

CD625The entry into free circulation of live animals is subject to the presentation of a Common Health Entry Document for live animals (CHED-A) in accordance with the conditions laid down in article 40 of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 of 30 September 2019 laying down rules for the functioning of the information management system for official controls and its system components (‘the IMSOC Regulation’).

European Union

Regulation 0632/212023-11-14

7 certificate(s) required

C640Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Animals (CHED-A) (as set out in Part 2, Section A of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y072Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y073Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y077Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Lichtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y078Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y079Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y151Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin coming from outermost regions, according to the relevant EU legislation

Import/export not allowed after control

CD644Derogations to the presentation of a Common Veterinary Entry Document apply to goods with EU origin returning from certain third countries, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Start date: 2012-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

0102291020: The animals are heifers of the expressly named mountain, Schwyz, Fribourg or spotted Simmental breeds, other than for slaughter.
0102291050: The animals are bulls of the Schwyz, Fribourg or spotted Simmental breeds, other than for slaughter.

Classification tips

The animal is a young male bovine animal intended for fattening.

Typical uses

intended for fattening

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 01 — Live animals

1. This chapter covers all live animals except: (a) fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates, of heading 0301, 0306, 0307 or 0308; (b) cultures of micro-organisms and other products of heading 3002; (c) animals of heading 9508. 2. Heading 0106 covers, inter alia, the following domestic or wild animals: (a) mammals: primates, whales, dolphins and porpoises (mammals of the order Cetacea); manatees and dugongs (mammals of the order Sirenia); seals, sea lions and walruses (mammals of the suborder Pinnipedia); (b) reptiles (including snakes and turtles); (c) birds: parrots (including parakeets, macaws and cockatoos), ostriches and emus; (d) insects: bees; (e) other: frogs.

Section note

Non-preferential origin

specific

Live bovine animals.

The origin of the goods of this heading shall be the country where the animal was fattened for at least 8 months to come from a weight of less than 300 kg to a weight of 300 kg or more; the origin of other animals of this heading shall be the country in which the animal was born

specific

Live bovine animals.

Residual rule

The country of origin of a pure-bred breeding animal is the country where the animal was born.

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Young male bovine animals, intended for fattening (0102291010)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Young male bovine animals, intended for fattening is 10.200 % + 93.100 EUR DTN. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Young male bovine animals, intended for fattening (0102291010)?

Yes, 40 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Young male bovine animals, intended for fattening (0102291010)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

What products are classified under code 0102291010?

TARIC code 0102291010 (Young male bovine animals, intended for fattening) covers the following products: Young male bovine animal for fattening, live weight not exceeding 80 kg, Live male domestic bovine animal, intended for fattening, weighing 80 kg or less.

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Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

01Section I — LIVE ANIMALS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS

0100000000LIVE ANIMALS

0102000000Live bovine animals

0102210000Cattle

0102290000Other

0102291000Other

0102291000Of a weight not exceeding 80|kg

0102291010Young male bovine animals, intended for fattening

4 other codes

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty10.200 % + 93.100 EUR DTN

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

10.200 % + 93.100 EUR DTN

Preferential rates(41)

+31

Preferential rates - 41 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-10.2 pp	-10.2 pp	—	1
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-10.2 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-10.2 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-10.2 ppESA Interim EPA	-10.2 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-10.2 ppSADC EPA	-10.2 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-10.2 pp	-10.2 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-10.2 ppEverything But Arms	-10.2 pp	Everything But Arms
OCTs2080 0.000 %-10.2 ppOverseas Association Decision	-10.2 pp	Overseas Association Decision
Central America2200 0.000 %-10.2 ppEU-Central America Association Agreement	-10.2 pp	EU-Central America Association Agreement

Additional duties(3)

inherited from 0100000000

ERGA OMNES

50.000 %1Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

Except:BY(Belarus)RU(Russia)

1 certificate(s) required

Y155Particular provisions50.000 %

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Belarus

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Russia

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Subheading declaration -net weight/supplementary unit(1)

inherited from 0102291000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0927/122013-02-01

0 certificate(s) required

Action 1080.001/KGM KGM

Non-preferential tariff quota under end-use(2)

All third countries

16.000 % + 582.000 EUR TNE1Regulation 1988/202026-07-01

Except:RU(Russia)BY(Belarus)GB(United Kingdom)

1 certificate(s) required

N990UN/EDIFACT certificate

EUS - Authorisation for the use of end use procedure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Declared subheading not allowed

Measure not applicable

CD578Eligibility to benefit from this tariff quota is subject to the lodgement of a security in accordance with Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1988.

All third countries

16.000 % + 582.000 EUR TNE1Regulation 1988/202027-07-01

Except:GB(United Kingdom)RU(Russia)BY(Belarus)

1 certificate(s) required

N990UN/EDIFACT certificate

EUS - Authorisation for the use of end use procedure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Declared subheading not allowed

Measure not applicable

CD578Eligibility to benefit from this tariff quota is subject to the lodgement of a security in accordance with Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1988.

Supplementary unit(1)

inherited from 0102000000

ERGA OMNES

NARRegulation 2658/872008-01-01

Import control(2)

inherited from 0100000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -organic products(1)

inherited from 0100000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 2306/212022-01-01

Except:IS(Iceland)NO(Norway)LI(Liechtenstein)CH(Switzerland)

2 certificate(s) required

C644Other certificates

Certificate of inspection for organic products

Y929Particular provisions

Goods not concerned by Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (organic products)

Import/export not allowed after control

Veterinary control(2)

inherited from 0102000000

All third countries

Regulation 0632/212024-08-01

Except:AD(Andorra)NO(Norway)LI(Liechtenstein)SM(San Marino)CH(Switzerland)

6 certificate(s) required

C640Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Animals (CHED-A) (as set out in Part 2, Section A of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y170Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y175Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Liechtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y176Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y177Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Import/export not allowed after control

European Union

Regulation 0632/212023-11-14

7 certificate(s) required

C640Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Animals (CHED-A) (as set out in Part 2, Section A of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y072Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y073Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y077Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Lichtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y078Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y079Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y151Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin coming from outermost regions, according to the relevant EU legislation

Import/export not allowed after control

CD644Derogations to the presentation of a Common Veterinary Entry Document apply to goods with EU origin returning from certain third countries, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Start date: 2012-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

0102291020: The animals are heifers of the expressly named mountain, Schwyz, Fribourg or spotted Simmental breeds, other than for slaughter.
0102291050: The animals are bulls of the Schwyz, Fribourg or spotted Simmental breeds, other than for slaughter.

Classification tips

The animal is a young male bovine animal intended for fattening.

Typical uses

intended for fattening

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 01 — Live animals

Section note

Non-preferential origin

specific

Live bovine animals.

specific

Live bovine animals.

Residual rule

The country of origin of a pure-bred breeding animal is the country where the animal was born.

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Young male bovine animals, intended for fattening (0102291010)?

Are there tariff preferences for Young male bovine animals, intended for fattening (0102291010)?

Yes, 40 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Young male bovine animals, intended for fattening (0102291010)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

What products are classified under code 0102291010?

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€8.5M	1.1Mt	€7.64/kg	99.7%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€16K	6	€2.7K/kg	0.2%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€11K	2Kt	€5.26/kg	0.1%

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇹🇷 Turkey	€5.0M	1Kt	€3.7K/kg	35.0%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€4.6M	1.7Mt	€2.76/kg	32.2%
3	🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina	€2.9M	402Kt	€7.15/kg	20.0%
4	🇮🇱 Israel	€1.3M	286Kt	€4.71/kg	9.4%
5	🇲🇦 Morocco	€449K	107Kt	€4.19/kg	3.1%
6	🇦🇱 Albania	€49K	27Kt	€1.80/kg	0.3%
7	🇽🇰 Kosovo	€10K	3Kt	€3.64/kg	0.1%

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€8.5M	1.1Mt	€7.64/kg	99.7%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€16K	6	€2.7K/kg	0.2%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€11K	2Kt	€5.26/kg	0.1%

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇹🇷 Turkey	€5.0M	1Kt	€3.7K/kg	35.0%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€4.6M	1.7Mt	€2.76/kg	32.2%
3	🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina	€2.9M	402Kt	€7.15/kg	20.0%
4	🇮🇱 Israel	€1.3M	286Kt	€4.71/kg	9.4%
5	🇲🇦 Morocco	€449K	107Kt	€4.19/kg	3.1%
6	🇦🇱 Albania	€49K	27Kt	€1.80/kg	0.3%
7	🇽🇰 Kosovo	€10K	3Kt	€3.64/kg	0.1%

Young male bovine animals, intended for fattening

Hierarchy

Duties & Measures

Description & Classification

Regulatory notes

Non-preferential origin

FAQ

Help

Need help?

Hierarchy

Duties & Measures

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Regulatory notes

Non-preferential origin

FAQ

Help

Need help?

Trade Statistics

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Export markets

EU Member States

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Export markets

EU Member States