Preferential rates - 44 Origin
Origin	Rate	Trade agreement	Details
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	0.000 %	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	0.000 %	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	0.000 %	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	0.000 %	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	0.000 %	Everything But Arms
OCTs2080 0.000 %Overseas Association Decision	0.000 %	Overseas Association Decision
Andorra 0.000 %EU-Andorra Customs Union	0.000 %	EU-Andorra Customs Union
Albania 0.000 %	0.000 %	—

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 1000000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Non-preferential tariff quota(3)

ERGA OMNES

12.000 EUR TNE2Regulation 0761/202024-07-01

Except:GB(United Kingdom)RU(Russia)BY(Belarus)

2 certificate(s) required

L001Import certificate/licence

Import licence AGRIM

Y100Particular provisions

Special entries on the import licence AGRIM

Y155Particular provisions

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

Measure not applicable

CD750Eligibility to benefit from this quota is subject to the production of an import licence in accordance with the conditions laid down in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/761.

CD777This quota is not applicable to products originating in or exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus.

All third countries

12.000 EUR TNE2Regulation 0761/202024-07-01

Except:GB(United Kingdom)RU(Russia)US(United States)CA(Canada)BY(Belarus)

2 certificate(s) required

L001Import certificate/licence

Import licence AGRIM

Y100Particular provisions

Special entries on the import licence AGRIM

Y155Particular provisions

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

Measure not applicable

CD750Eligibility to benefit from this quota is subject to the production of an import licence in accordance with the conditions laid down in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/761.

CD777This quota is not applicable to products originating in or exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus.

United States

12.000 EUR TNE2Regulation 0761/202021-01-01

2 certificate(s) required

L001Import certificate/licence

Import licence AGRIM

Y100Particular provisions

Special entries on the import licence AGRIM

Measure not applicable

CD750Eligibility to benefit from this quota is subject to the production of an import licence in accordance with the conditions laid down in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/761.

Preferential tariff quota(1)

inherited from 1001990000

Ukraine

0.000 %2Regulation 0761/202026-01-01

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

2 certificate(s) required

L001Import certificate/licence

Import licence AGRIM

Y100Particular provisions

Special entries on the import licence AGRIM

Measure not applicable

CD750Eligibility to benefit from this quota is subject to the production of an import licence in accordance with the conditions laid down in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/761.

Pre-export checks compliance(1)

inherited from 1001000000

Canada

—Regulation 0949/152015-07-10

CETA (EU-Canada)(since 2017)

TM774The frequency of physical checks carried out by the Member States shall be reduced to a maximum of 1% of consignments provided the consignments are accompanied by the following documents: (a) a report containing the results of sampling and analysis performed in accordance with the provisions of Commission Regulation (EC) No 401/2006 of 23 February 2006 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of mycotoxins in foodstuffs, or with equivalent requirements, by a laboratory approved for that purpose by the Canadian Grain Commission (TARIC certificate code C685); (b) a certificate in accordance with the model set out in the Annex II of R 2015/949, completed, verified and signed by a representative of the Canadian Grain Commission; the certificate shall be valid for four months from the date of issuance (TARIC certificate code C684).

Import control(2)

inherited from 1000000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -organic products(1)

inherited from 1000000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 2306/212022-01-01

Except:IS(Iceland)CH(Switzerland)LI(Liechtenstein)NO(Norway)

2 certificate(s) required

C644Other certificates

Certificate of inspection for organic products

Y929Particular provisions

Goods not concerned by Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (organic products)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD808If goods bear a reference to organic production in the labelling, advertising material or accompanying documents of products, the declarant must submit a certificate of inspection (C644) at import in accordance with Article 45(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (release for free circulation). For products not covered by Regulation (EU) 2018/848, certificate Y929 has to be declared. These provisions shall apply in addition to the rules regarding the use of the Common Health Entry Document (CHED) by the competent authorities at border control posts in accordance with Article 56(3), point (b)(i), of Regulation (EU) 2017/625 and at control points in accordance with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/2123 and with the rules on decisions on consignments laid down in Article 55 of Regulation (EU) 2017/625.

Official control -plants(1)

inherited from 1001990000

Phytosanitary - AF, IN, IR, IQ, MX, NP, PK, ZA, US4000

Regulation 2072/192025-10-29

G003Goods as described in the footnote PS 00003

4 certificate(s) required

C085Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Plants and Plant Products (CHED-PP) (as set out in Part 2, Section C of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y146Particular provisions

Exemption for products intended for scientific purposes in accordance with Article 48(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/2031

Y979Particular provisions

Exemption from official controls for plants, other than plants for planting, plant products and other objects, which form part of passengers’ personal luggage and are intended for personal consumption or use (Regulation (EU) 2019/2122 Article 7d)

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Import/export not allowed after control

CD743The entry into free circulation is subject to the presentation of a common health entry document (CHED-PP), for consignments of: (i) plants, plant products and other objects referred to in point (c) of Article 47(1) of Regulation (EU) 2017/625; or (ii) plants, plant products and other objects subject at their entry into the Union to one of the measures or conditions provided for in points (d), (e) or (f) of Article 47(1) of Regulation (EU) 2017/625; [Article 40(1)(c) of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715]

CD744Plants, plant products and other objects are exempted from identity and physical checks at border control posts other than controls carried out pursuant to Article 15(2) of Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014, provided that they are intended for scientific purposes in accordance with Article 48(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/2031. (Article 5 of Regulation (EU) 2019/2122)

CD745Plants, other than plants for planting, plant products and other objects, which form part of passengers’ personal luggage and are intended for personal consumption or use, are exempted from official controls. For these ones no CHED-PP is needed. [Article 7(d) of Regulation (EU) 2019/2122]

Start date: 2014-08-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

1001990013: Common wheat meets all expressly stated high-quality criteria, including a specific weight of at least 78 kg/hl, a Hagberg falling number of at least 230 and a
1001990060: The goods are spelt.

Classification tips

Common wheat is described as medium quality and is not described as meeting all high-quality criteria.
The goods are common wheat, not spelt.

Sample products

Regulatory notes

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 10

1. A. Products listed in the headings of this chapter are to be classified under those headings only if grains are present, whether or not in the ear or on the stalk. B. The chapter does not cover grains which have been hulled or otherwise worked. However, rice, husked, milled, polished, glazed, parboiled or broken remains classified in heading 1006. 2. Heading 1005 does not cover sweet corn (Chapter 7). Additional note 1: the moisture content of cereals is determined using the method set out in Annex I of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2010. For the purposes of subheadings 1001 19, 1001 99, 1002 90, 1003 90, 1004 90, 1005 90 and 1007 90, 'of a kind used for sowing' means cereals which meet requirements laid down by the competent authorities of the Member State for being accepted as seed.

Chapter noteChapter 10 — Cereals

Non-preferential origin

specific

Wheat and meslin

The origin of the goods of this heading shall be the country where the goods were obtained in their natural or unprocessed state.

specific

Wheat and meslin

The origin of the goods of this heading shall be the country where the goods were obtained in their natural or unprocessed state.

Residual rule

1. For the purposes of this residual rule, "mixing" means the deliberate and proportionally controlled operation consisting in bringing together two or more fungible materials. 2. The origin of a mixture of products of this

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

Are there tariff preferences for Medium quality common wheat (1001990040)?

Yes, 43 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Medium quality common wheat (1001990040)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Medium quality common wheat (1001990040)?

2 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 1001990040?

TARIC code 1001990040 (Medium quality common wheat) covers the following products: Medium quality common wheat, cereal grain, Common wheat of medium quality.

How to correctly classify a product under code 1001990040?

Common wheat is described as medium quality and is not described as meeting all high-quality criteria. The goods are common wheat, not spelt.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

02Section II — VEGETABLE PRODUCTS

1000000000CEREALS

1001000000Wheat and meslin

1001910000Other

1001990000Other

1001990013High quality common wheat

1001990040Medium quality common wheat

1001990050Low quality common wheat

3 other codes

Duties & Measures

Footnotes

TN071This description corresponds to quality as specified in Annex VI to Regulation (EU) 2023/2834.

Preferential rates(44)

+34

Preferential rates - 44 Origin
Origin	Rate	Trade agreement	Details
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	0.000 %	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	0.000 %	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	0.000 %	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	0.000 %	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	0.000 %	Everything But Arms
OCTs2080 0.000 %Overseas Association Decision	0.000 %	Overseas Association Decision
Andorra 0.000 %EU-Andorra Customs Union	0.000 %	EU-Andorra Customs Union
Albania 0.000 %	0.000 %	—

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 1000000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Non-preferential tariff quota(3)

ERGA OMNES

12.000 EUR TNE2Regulation 0761/202024-07-01

Except:GB(United Kingdom)RU(Russia)BY(Belarus)

2 certificate(s) required

L001Import certificate/licence

Import licence AGRIM

Y100Particular provisions

Special entries on the import licence AGRIM

Y155Particular provisions

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

Measure not applicable

CD750Eligibility to benefit from this quota is subject to the production of an import licence in accordance with the conditions laid down in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/761.

CD777This quota is not applicable to products originating in or exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus.

All third countries

12.000 EUR TNE2Regulation 0761/202024-07-01

Except:GB(United Kingdom)RU(Russia)US(United States)CA(Canada)BY(Belarus)

2 certificate(s) required

L001Import certificate/licence

Import licence AGRIM

Y100Particular provisions

Special entries on the import licence AGRIM

Y155Particular provisions

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

Measure not applicable

CD750Eligibility to benefit from this quota is subject to the production of an import licence in accordance with the conditions laid down in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/761.

CD777This quota is not applicable to products originating in or exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus.

United States

12.000 EUR TNE2Regulation 0761/202021-01-01

2 certificate(s) required

L001Import certificate/licence

Import licence AGRIM

Y100Particular provisions

Special entries on the import licence AGRIM

Measure not applicable

CD750Eligibility to benefit from this quota is subject to the production of an import licence in accordance with the conditions laid down in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/761.

Preferential tariff quota(1)

inherited from 1001990000

Ukraine

0.000 %2Regulation 0761/202026-01-01

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

2 certificate(s) required

L001Import certificate/licence

Import licence AGRIM

Y100Particular provisions

Special entries on the import licence AGRIM

Measure not applicable

CD750Eligibility to benefit from this quota is subject to the production of an import licence in accordance with the conditions laid down in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/761.

Pre-export checks compliance(1)

inherited from 1001000000

Canada

—Regulation 0949/152015-07-10

CETA (EU-Canada)(since 2017)

Import control(2)

inherited from 1000000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -organic products(1)

inherited from 1000000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 2306/212022-01-01

Except:IS(Iceland)CH(Switzerland)LI(Liechtenstein)NO(Norway)

2 certificate(s) required

C644Other certificates

Certificate of inspection for organic products

Y929Particular provisions

Goods not concerned by Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (organic products)

Import/export not allowed after control

Official control -plants(1)

inherited from 1001990000

Phytosanitary - AF, IN, IR, IQ, MX, NP, PK, ZA, US4000

Regulation 2072/192025-10-29

G003Goods as described in the footnote PS 00003

4 certificate(s) required

C085Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Plants and Plant Products (CHED-PP) (as set out in Part 2, Section C of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y146Particular provisions

Exemption for products intended for scientific purposes in accordance with Article 48(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/2031

Y979Particular provisions

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Import/export not allowed after control

Start date: 2014-08-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

1001990013: Common wheat meets all expressly stated high-quality criteria, including a specific weight of at least 78 kg/hl, a Hagberg falling number of at least 230 and a
1001990060: The goods are spelt.

Classification tips

Common wheat is described as medium quality and is not described as meeting all high-quality criteria.
The goods are common wheat, not spelt.

Sample products

Associated BTIs

Regulatory notes

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 10

Chapter noteChapter 10 — Cereals

Non-preferential origin

specific

Wheat and meslin

The origin of the goods of this heading shall be the country where the goods were obtained in their natural or unprocessed state.

specific

Wheat and meslin

The origin of the goods of this heading shall be the country where the goods were obtained in their natural or unprocessed state.

Residual rule

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

Are there tariff preferences for Medium quality common wheat (1001990040)?

Yes, 43 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Medium quality common wheat (1001990040)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Medium quality common wheat (1001990040)?

2 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 1001990040?

TARIC code 1001990040 (Medium quality common wheat) covers the following products: Medium quality common wheat, cereal grain, Common wheat of medium quality.

How to correctly classify a product under code 1001990040?

Common wheat is described as medium quality and is not described as meeting all high-quality criteria. The goods are common wheat, not spelt.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Synonyms

Common wheat, Soft wheat, Medium quality common wheat

Keywords

Common wheat · Soft wheat · Medium quality common wheat · Medium quality · Cereal grain

1. (A) The products specified in the headings of this chapter are to be classified in those headings only if the grains are present, whether or not in the ear or on the stalk. (B) The chapter does not cover grains which have been hulled or otherwise worked. However, rice, husked, milled, polished, glazed, parboiled or broken remains classified in heading 1006. 2. Heading 1005 does not cover sweet corn (Chapter 7).

Section noteNotes to Section II — Vegetable products

1. In this Section the term 'pellets' means products which have been agglomerated either directly by compression or by addition of a binder in a proportion not exceeding 3 % by weight.

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Medium quality common wheat (1001990040)?

Non-preferential origin rules for Medium quality common wheat are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

Can TARIC code 1001990040 be used on a customs declaration?

Yes, TARIC code 1001990040 (Medium quality common wheat) is a declarable code. It can be used directly on EU customs import and export declarations (Single Administrative Document).

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€0.2603/kg

Export €/kg

€0.2592/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

4,028

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€4.3B	17.6Bt	€0.2414/kg	59.7%
2	🇨🇦 Canada	€1.2B	4.0Bt	€0.3101/kg	17.4%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€642.4M	2.1Bt	€0.3045/kg	9.0%
4	🇲🇩 Moldova	€464.7M	2.2Bt	€0.2153/kg	6.5%
5	🇽🇸 XS	€428.4M	1.8Bt	€0.2340/kg	6.0%
6	🇺🇸 United States	€96.8M	342.9Mt	€0.2825/kg	1.4%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇲🇦 Morocco	€4.5B	17.8Bt	€0.2505/kg	28.7%
2	🇩🇿 Algeria	€4.3B	16.1Bt	€0.2642/kg	27.4%
3	🇳🇬 Nigeria	€3.0B	11.5Bt	€0.2608/kg	19.3%
4	🇪🇬 Egypt	€2.3B	8.6Bt	€0.2730/kg	15.1%
5	🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia	€1.5B	5.9Bt	€0.2528/kg	9.5%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€0.2603/kg

Export €/kg

€0.2592/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

4,028

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€4.3B	17.6Bt	€0.2414/kg	59.7%
2	🇨🇦 Canada	€1.2B	4.0Bt	€0.3101/kg	17.4%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€642.4M	2.1Bt	€0.3045/kg	9.0%
4	🇲🇩 Moldova	€464.7M	2.2Bt	€0.2153/kg	6.5%
5	🇽🇸 XS	€428.4M	1.8Bt	€0.2340/kg	6.0%
6	🇺🇸 United States	€96.8M	342.9Mt	€0.2825/kg	1.4%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇲🇦 Morocco	€4.5B	17.8Bt	€0.2505/kg	28.7%
2	🇩🇿 Algeria	€4.3B	16.1Bt	€0.2642/kg	27.4%
3	🇳🇬 Nigeria	€3.0B	11.5Bt	€0.2608/kg	19.3%
4	🇪🇬 Egypt	€2.3B	8.6Bt	€0.2730/kg	15.1%
5	🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia	€1.5B	5.9Bt	€0.2528/kg	9.5%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis