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12Chapter

09Heading

29Subheading

80CN

00TARIC

Other

VEGETABLE PRODUCTS > OIL SEEDS AND OLEAGINOUS FRUITS; MISCELLANEOUS GRAINS, SEEDS AND FRUIT; INDUSTRIAL OR MEDICINAL PLANTS; STRAW AND FODDER > Seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing > Seeds of forage plants > Other > Other

Declarable

Hierarchy

02Section II — VEGETABLE PRODUCTS

1200000000OIL SEEDS AND OLEAGINOUS FRUITS; MISCELLANEOUS GRAINS, SEEDS AND FRUIT; INDUSTRIAL OR MEDICINAL PLANTS; STRAW AND FODDER

1209000000Seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing

1209210000Seeds of forage plants

1209290000Other

1209294500Timothy grass seed; vetch seed; seeds of the genus Poa (Poa palustris L., Poa trivialis L.); cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata L.); bent grass (Agrostis)1209295000Lupine seed 1209296000Fodder beet seed (Beta vulgaris var. alba)

1209298000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty2.500 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

2.500 %

Preferential rates(52)

+42

Preferential rates - 52 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-2.5 pp	-2.5 pp	—	1
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-2.5 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-2.5 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-2.5 ppESA Interim EPA	-2.5 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-2.5 ppSADC EPA	-2.5 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-2.5 pp	-2.5 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-2.5 ppEverything But Arms	-2.5 pp	Everything But Arms
GSP Standard2020 0.000 %-2.5 ppGeneralised Scheme of Preferences	-2.5 pp	Generalised Scheme of Preferences
GSP+2027 0.000 %-2.5 ppGSP+ Enhanced Arrangement	-2.5 pp	GSP+ Enhanced Arrangement

Additional duties(3)

inherited from 1209000000

ERGA OMNES

50.000 %1Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

Except:RU(Russia)BY(Belarus)

1 certificate(s) required

Y155Particular provisions50.000 %

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Belarus

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Russia

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 1200000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Import control(2)

inherited from 1200000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -organic products(1)

inherited from 1209000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 2306/212022-01-01

Except:LI(Liechtenstein)CH(Switzerland)NO(Norway)IS(Iceland)

2 certificate(s) required

C644Other certificates

Certificate of inspection for organic products

Y929Particular provisions

Goods not concerned by Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (organic products)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD808If goods bear a reference to organic production in the labelling, advertising material or accompanying documents of products, the declarant must submit a certificate of inspection (C644) at import in accordance with Article 45(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (release for free circulation). For products not covered by Regulation (EU) 2018/848, certificate Y929 has to be declared. These provisions shall apply in addition to the rules regarding the use of the Common Health Entry Document (CHED) by the competent authorities at border control posts in accordance with Article 56(3), point (b)(i), of Regulation (EU) 2017/625 and at control points in accordance with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/2123 and with the rules on decisions on consignments laid down in Article 55 of Regulation (EU) 2017/625.

Import prohibition(1)

inherited from 1200000000

North Korea

—Regulation 0285/182018-02-28

TM883Goods from the Annex XIg of Regulation (EU) 2018/285 (Food and agricultural products)

Official control -plants(2)

Phytosanitary - AR AU BO BR CL NZ UY4006

Regulation 2072/192025-10-29

G026Goods as described in the footnote PS 00026

3 certificate(s) required

C085Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Plants and Plant Products (CHED-PP) (as set out in Part 2, Section C of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y146Particular provisions

Exemption for products intended for scientific purposes in accordance with Article 48(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/2031

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Import/export not allowed after control

CD743The entry into free circulation is subject to the presentation of a common health entry document (CHED-PP), for consignments of: (i) plants, plant products and other objects referred to in point (c) of Article 47(1) of Regulation (EU) 2017/625; or (ii) plants, plant products and other objects subject at their entry into the Union to one of the measures or conditions provided for in points (d), (e) or (f) of Article 47(1) of Regulation (EU) 2017/625; [Article 40(1)(c) of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715]

CD744Plants, plant products and other objects are exempted from identity and physical checks at border control posts other than controls carried out pursuant to Article 15(2) of Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014, provided that they are intended for scientific purposes in accordance with Article 48(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/2031. (Article 5 of Regulation (EU) 2019/2122)

Phytosanitary - AR AU BO BR CL NZ UY4006

—Regulation 2072/192025-10-29

G999Goods not listed in Part A of Annex XI of Regulation (EU) 2019/2072

Start date: 1993-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

1209294500: The goods are seed of timothy grass, vetch, Poa palustris L., Poa trivialis L., cocksfoot grass or bent grass.
1209295000: The goods are lupine seed.

Classification tips

The goods are other seeds of forage plants for sowing.
The goods are other seeds of forage plants for sowing than lupine seed.

Typical uses

Regulatory notes

NENC1209Seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing

Chapter noteChapter 12 — Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; Miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit; Industrial or medicinal plants; Straw and fodder

1. Heading 1207 applies, inter alia, to palm nuts and kernels, cotton seeds, castor oil seeds, sesamum seeds, mustard seeds, safflower seeds, poppy seeds and shea nuts (karite nuts). It does not apply to products of heading 0801 or 0802 or to olives (Chapter 7 or 20). 2. Heading 1208 applies not only to non-defatted flours and meals but also to flours and meals which have been partially defatted or defatted and wholly or partially refatted with their original oils. It does not, however, apply to residues of headings 2304 to 2306. 3. For the purposes of heading 1209, beet seeds, grass and other herbage seeds, seeds of ornamental flowers, vegetable seeds, seeds of forest trees, seeds of fruit trees, seeds of vetches (other than those of the species Vicia faba) or of lupines are to be regarded as 'seeds of a kind used for sowing'.

Non-preferential origin

specific

Seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing

The origin shall be the country where goods of this heading are obtained in their natural or unprocessed state.

specific

Seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing

The origin shall be the country where goods of this heading are obtained in their natural or unprocessed state.

Residual rule

1. For the purposes of this residual rule, "mixing" means the deliberate and proportionally controlled operation consisting in bringing together two or more fungible materials. 2. The origin of a mixture of products of this

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (1209298000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 2.500 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (1209298000)?

Yes, 51 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (1209298000)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (1209298000)?

21 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 1209298000?

TARIC code 1209298000 (Other) covers the following products: Seeds of forage plants, other, Forage-plant seed for sowing, excluding lupine seed and fodder beet seed.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

02Section II — VEGETABLE PRODUCTS

1200000000OIL SEEDS AND OLEAGINOUS FRUITS; MISCELLANEOUS GRAINS, SEEDS AND FRUIT; INDUSTRIAL OR MEDICINAL PLANTS; STRAW AND FODDER

1209000000Seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing

1209210000Seeds of forage plants

1209290000Other

1209298000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty2.500 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

2.500 %

Preferential rates(52)

+42

Preferential rates - 52 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-2.5 pp	-2.5 pp	—	1
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-2.5 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-2.5 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-2.5 ppESA Interim EPA	-2.5 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-2.5 ppSADC EPA	-2.5 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-2.5 pp	-2.5 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-2.5 ppEverything But Arms	-2.5 pp	Everything But Arms
GSP Standard2020 0.000 %-2.5 ppGeneralised Scheme of Preferences	-2.5 pp	Generalised Scheme of Preferences
GSP+2027 0.000 %-2.5 ppGSP+ Enhanced Arrangement	-2.5 pp	GSP+ Enhanced Arrangement

Additional duties(3)

inherited from 1209000000

ERGA OMNES

50.000 %1Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

Except:RU(Russia)BY(Belarus)

1 certificate(s) required

Y155Particular provisions50.000 %

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Belarus

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Russia

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 1200000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Import control(2)

inherited from 1200000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -organic products(1)

inherited from 1209000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 2306/212022-01-01

Except:LI(Liechtenstein)CH(Switzerland)NO(Norway)IS(Iceland)

2 certificate(s) required

C644Other certificates

Certificate of inspection for organic products

Y929Particular provisions

Goods not concerned by Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (organic products)

Import/export not allowed after control

Import prohibition(1)

inherited from 1200000000

North Korea

—Regulation 0285/182018-02-28

TM883Goods from the Annex XIg of Regulation (EU) 2018/285 (Food and agricultural products)

Official control -plants(2)

Phytosanitary - AR AU BO BR CL NZ UY4006

Regulation 2072/192025-10-29

G026Goods as described in the footnote PS 00026

3 certificate(s) required

C085Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Plants and Plant Products (CHED-PP) (as set out in Part 2, Section C of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y146Particular provisions

Exemption for products intended for scientific purposes in accordance with Article 48(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/2031

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Import/export not allowed after control

Phytosanitary - AR AU BO BR CL NZ UY4006

—Regulation 2072/192025-10-29

G999Goods not listed in Part A of Annex XI of Regulation (EU) 2019/2072

Start date: 1993-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

1209294500: The goods are seed of timothy grass, vetch, Poa palustris L., Poa trivialis L., cocksfoot grass or bent grass.
1209295000: The goods are lupine seed.

Classification tips

The goods are other seeds of forage plants for sowing.
The goods are other seeds of forage plants for sowing than lupine seed.

Typical uses

Associated BTIs

See all BTIs (21)

CJEU Case Law

C-635/13

23 Apr 2015

SC ALKA CO SRL v Autoritatea Națională a Vămilor - Direcția Regională pentru Accize și Operațiuni Vamale Galați and Direcţia Generală a Finanţelor Publice a Municipiului București

On those grounds, the Court (Tenth Chamber) hereby rules: It is for the referring court, in order to make a tariff classification of the pumpkin seeds at issue in the main proceedings, to ascertain whether those seeds are normally used for the extraction of edible or industrial oils and fats, but are not covered by headings 1201 to 1206 of the Combined Nomenclature set out in Annex I to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 of 23 July 1987 on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff, in the versions resulting, successively, from Commission Regulation (EC) No 1549/2006 of 17 October 2006 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1214/2007 of 20 September 2007. If that is the case, those seeds must be classified under heading 1207 of the Combined Nomenclature because they are oilseeds, whether or not they are actually used for the extraction of edible or industrial oils and fats or for sowing or human consumption. If that is not the case, those seeds will come under heading 1209 of the Combined Nomenclature if they could still be germinated when they were imported, whether or not they are actually used for the extraction of edible or industrial oils and fats or for sowing or human consumption, or under heading 1212 of the Combined Nomenclature if they could not still be germinated. [Signatures] ( *1 ) Language of the case: Romanian.

Regulatory notes

NENC1209Seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing

Chapter noteChapter 12 — Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits; Miscellaneous grains, seeds and fruit; Industrial or medicinal plants; Straw and fodder

Non-preferential origin

specific

Seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing

The origin shall be the country where goods of this heading are obtained in their natural or unprocessed state.

specific

Seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing

The origin shall be the country where goods of this heading are obtained in their natural or unprocessed state.

Residual rule

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (1209298000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 2.500 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (1209298000)?

Yes, 51 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (1209298000)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (1209298000)?

21 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 1209298000?

TARIC code 1209298000 (Other) covers the following products: Seeds of forage plants, other, Forage-plant seed for sowing, excluding lupine seed and fodder beet seed.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Sample products

Seeds of forage plants, otherForage-plant seed for sowing, excluding lupine seed and fodder beet seed

Synonyms

forage-plant seed, forage seed, seed for sowing

Keywords

forage-plant seed · forage seed · seed for sowing · forage plants · for sowing

Section noteNotes to Section II — Vegetable products

1. In this Section the term 'pellets' means products which have been agglomerated either directly by compression or by addition of a binder in a proportion not exceeding 3 % by weight.

How to correctly classify a product under code 1209298000?

The goods are other seeds of forage plants for sowing. The goods are other seeds of forage plants for sowing than lupine seed.

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Other (1209298000)?

Non-preferential origin rules for Other are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

Can TARIC code 1209298000 be used on a customs declaration?

Yes, TARIC code 1209298000 (Other) is a declarable code. It can be used directly on EU customs import and export declarations (Single Administrative Document).

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€2.48/kg

Export €/kg

€2.99/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,276

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€45.7M	16.8Mt	€2.72/kg	51.0%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€17.4M	3.5Mt	€4.96/kg	19.4%
3	🇨🇦 Canada	€10.4M	2.0Mt	€5.22/kg	11.6%
4	🇳🇿 New Zealand	€9.5M	3.6Mt	€2.61/kg	10.5%
5	🇦🇷 Argentina	€6.7M	2.8Mt	€2.40/kg	7.5%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€63.3M	22.0Mt	€2.88/kg	59.4%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€14.9M	4.4Mt	€3.38/kg	14.0%
3	🇧🇾 Belarus	€9.1M	2.6Mt	€3.51/kg	8.6%
4	🇷🇺 Russia	€6.8M	2.5Mt	€2.72/kg	6.4%
5	🇹🇷 Turkey	€5.3M	1.4Mt	€3.84/kg	5.0%
6	🇨🇳 China	€4.1M	2.0Mt	€2.06/kg	3.8%
7	🇽🇸 XS	€3.0M	1.2Mt	€2.47/kg	2.8%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€2.48/kg

Export €/kg

€2.99/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,276

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€45.7M	16.8Mt	€2.72/kg	51.0%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€17.4M	3.5Mt	€4.96/kg	19.4%
3	🇨🇦 Canada	€10.4M	2.0Mt	€5.22/kg	11.6%
4	🇳🇿 New Zealand	€9.5M	3.6Mt	€2.61/kg	10.5%
5	🇦🇷 Argentina	€6.7M	2.8Mt	€2.40/kg	7.5%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€63.3M	22.0Mt	€2.88/kg	59.4%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€14.9M	4.4Mt	€3.38/kg	14.0%
3	🇧🇾 Belarus	€9.1M	2.6Mt	€3.51/kg	8.6%
4	🇷🇺 Russia	€6.8M	2.5Mt	€2.72/kg	6.4%
5	🇹🇷 Turkey	€5.3M	1.4Mt	€3.84/kg	5.0%
6	🇨🇳 China	€4.1M	2.0Mt	€2.06/kg	3.8%
7	🇽🇸 XS	€3.0M	1.2Mt	€2.47/kg	2.8%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis