Hierarchy

1900000000PREPARATIONS OF CEREALS, FLOUR, STARCH OR MILK; PASTRYCOOKS' PRODUCTS

1905000000Bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers' wares, whether or not containing cocoa; communion wafers, empty cachets of a kind suitable for pharmaceutical use, sealing wafers, rice paper and similar products

1905900000Other

1905903000Other

1905907000Other

1905907000Containing 5|% or more, by weight, of sucrose, invert sugar or isoglucose

1905908000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty9.000 % + EA MAX 20.700 % +ADFM

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

9.000 % + EA MAX 20.700 % +ADFM

Preferential rates(61)

+51

Preferential rates - 61 Origin
Origin	Rate	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-9.0 pp	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	—	1
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-9.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-9.0 ppESA Interim EPA	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-9.0 ppSADC EPA	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-9.0 pp	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-9.0 ppEverything But Arms	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 % + EAR MAX 20.700 % +ADFMR-9.0 ppEEA Agreement	0.000 % + EAR MAX 20.700 % +ADFMR	-9.0 pp	EEA Agreement	1
European Economic Area - Iceland2014 0.000 %-9.0 pp	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	—	1

Additional duties(3)

inherited from 1900000000

ERGA OMNES

50.000 %1Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

Except:RU(Russia)BY(Belarus)

1 certificate(s) required

Y155Particular provisions50.000 %

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Belarus

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Russia

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 1900000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Non-preferential tariff quota(1)

inherited from 1905900000

All third countries

40.000 %Regulation 0050/152026-07-01

Except:GB(United Kingdom)

Preferential tariff quota(2)

inherited from 1905000000

Canada

0.000 %2Regulation 1781/172026-01-01

CETA (EU-Canada)(since 2017)

2 certificate(s) required

C006Other certificates

Export permit (Council Decision (EU) 2017/37 (OJ L 11))

U062Proof of origin

Reference to Annex 5-A of Council Decision (EU) 2017/37 (OJ L 11)

Measure not applicable

CD796The benefit of this tariff quota is submitted to the presentation of an export permit issued by Canada under the Export and Import Permits Act.

CD797A reference to Annex 5-A of Council Decision (EU) 2017/37 on the signing on behalf of the European Union of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada, of the one part, and the European Union and its Member States, of the other part (OJ L 11) should be made on the commercial invoice or any other commercial document.

United States

2.300 % + 3.500 EUR DTN1Regulation 1455/262026-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

U190Proof of origin

Proof of origin established in accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EU) No 1455/2026

Measure not applicable

CD01100For the purposes of this Regulation, the origin of goods shall be determined in accordance with the rules on non-preferential origin as referred to in Title II, Chapter 2, Section 1 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013, until rules on preferential origin as referred to in Article 64(2) or (3) of that Regulation have been adopted.

Entry into free circulation (feed & food restriction)(1)

inherited from 1905000000

Chernobyl restriction countries2038

Regulation 0256/242026-05-29

4 certificate(s) required

C678Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Feed and Food of Non-Animal Origin (CHED-D) (as set out in Part 2, Section D of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y854Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1158.

Y855Particular provisions

Exemption from import restrictions by virtue of Article 1(2) of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1158 (Chernobyl accident).

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Import/export not allowed after control

CD760The release for free circulation shall be subject to the presentation of a duly finalised Common Health Entry Document (CHED), as provided for in Article 57(2)(b) of Regulation (EU) 2017/625, which confirms that the consignment is in compliance with the applicable rules referred to in Article 1(2) of that Regulation.

TM966According to Article 1(2) of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1158: This Regulation shall not apply to the following categories of consignments of the products, unless their gross weight exceeds 10|kg of fresh product or 2|kg of dry product: (a) consignments sent as trade samples, laboratory samples or as display items for exhibitions, which are not intended to be placed on the market; (b) consignments which form part of passengers’ personal luggage and are intended for personal consumption or use; (c) non-commercial consignments sent to natural persons which are not intended to be placed on the market; (d) consignments intended for scientific purposes. In case of doubt on the intended use of the products referred to in points (b) and (c), the burden of proof lies with the owner of the personal luggage and with the recipient of the consignment, respectively.

Import control(2)

inherited from 1900000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -organic products(1)

inherited from 1900000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 2306/212022-01-01

Except:NO(Norway)CH(Switzerland)LI(Liechtenstein)IS(Iceland)

2 certificate(s) required

C644Other certificates

Certificate of inspection for organic products

Y929Particular provisions

Goods not concerned by Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (organic products)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD808If goods bear a reference to organic production in the labelling, advertising material or accompanying documents of products, the declarant must submit a certificate of inspection (C644) at import in accordance with Article 45(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (release for free circulation). For products not covered by Regulation (EU) 2018/848, certificate Y929 has to be declared. These provisions shall apply in addition to the rules regarding the use of the Common Health Entry Document (CHED) by the competent authorities at border control posts in accordance with Article 56(3), point (b)(i), of Regulation (EU) 2017/625 and at control points in accordance with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/2123 and with the rules on decisions on consignments laid down in Article 55 of Regulation (EU) 2017/625.

Import control -GMOs(2)

ERGA OMNES

Decision 0884/112018-01-01

Except:CN(China)

4 certificate(s) required

C678Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Feed and Food of Non-Animal Origin (CHED-D) (as set out in Part 2, Section D of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y062Particular provisions

Products which are not containing, consisting of or produced from rice (Commission Implementing Decision 2011/884/EU)

Y063Particular provisions

Goods not consigned from China

Import/export not allowed after control

CD680The release into free circulation of consignments of rice or products containing, consisting of or produced from rice shall be subject to the presentation of a CHED-D or a CVED-P duly completed by the competent authority once all official controls have been carried out. Exemptions apply to consignments which are destined to a private person for personal consumption and use only.

China

Decision 0884/112018-01-01

3 certificate(s) required

C678Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Feed and Food of Non-Animal Origin (CHED-D) (as set out in Part 2, Section D of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y062Particular provisions

Products which are not containing, consisting of or produced from rice (Commission Implementing Decision 2011/884/EU)

Import/export not allowed after control

Veterinary control(4)

All third countries

Regulation 0632/212024-08-01

Except:NO(Norway)CH(Switzerland)IS(Iceland)GL(Greenland)LI(Liechtenstein)FO(Faroe Islands)SM(San Marino)AD(Andorra)

10 certificate(s) required

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y170Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y174Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Iceland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y175Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Liechtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y176Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y177Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y931Particular provisions

Goods benefitting from derogation to veterinary controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Y930Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/632

C084Other certificates

Exemption by virtue of Articles 3 and 4 of regulation 2019/2122 (animals intended for scientific purposes, research and diagnostic samples, and samples for product analysis and quality testing).

Import/export not allowed after control

CD624The import of the products of animal origin is subject to the presentation of a Common Health Entry Document for products of animal origin (CHED–P) in accordance with the conditions laid down in article 40 of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 of 30 September 2019 laying down rules for the functioning of the information management system for official controls and its system components (‘the IMSOC Regulation’).

CD626Import of the products of animal origin can derogate from the controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

CD737Articles 3 and 4 of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/2122 establishes that some “animals intended for scientific purposes” and all the “research and diagnostic samples”, if authorised by the competent authority of the Member State of destination, shall be exempted from official controls at border control posts.

European Union

Regulation 0632/212023-11-14

12 certificate(s) required

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y058Particular provisions

Exemption by virtue of Article 7 of Commission Delegated Regulation 2019/2122 (Goods which form part of passengers' personal luggage and are intended for personal consumption or use) or Article 10 (small consignments of goods sent to natural persons which are not intended to be placed on the market) of Commission Delegated Regulation 2019/2122

Y072Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y073Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y076Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Iceland, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y077Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Lichtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y078Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y079Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y151Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin coming from outermost regions, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y931Particular provisions

Goods benefitting from derogation to veterinary controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Y930Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/632

C084Other certificates

Exemption by virtue of Articles 3 and 4 of regulation 2019/2122 (animals intended for scientific purposes, research and diagnostic samples, and samples for product analysis and quality testing).

Import/export not allowed after control

CD626Import of the products of animal origin can derogate from the controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

CD644Derogations to the presentation of a Common Veterinary Entry Document apply to goods with EU origin returning from certain third countries, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Faroe Islands

Regulation 0632/212024-08-01

EU-Faroe Islands FTA(since 1997)

21 certificate(s) required

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y058Particular provisions

Y170Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y174Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Iceland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y175Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Liechtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y176Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y177Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y931Particular provisions

Goods benefitting from derogation to veterinary controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Y930Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/632

C084Other certificates

Exemption by virtue of Articles 3 and 4 of regulation 2019/2122 (animals intended for scientific purposes, research and diagnostic samples, and samples for product analysis and quality testing).

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y170Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y174Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Iceland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y175Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Liechtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y176Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y177Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y931Particular provisions

Goods benefitting from derogation to veterinary controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Y930Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/632

C084Other certificates

Exemption by virtue of Articles 3 and 4 of regulation 2019/2122 (animals intended for scientific purposes, research and diagnostic samples, and samples for product analysis and quality testing).

Import/export not allowed after control

CD626Import of the products of animal origin can derogate from the controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

CD686Small consignments of goods (sent to natural persons which are not intended to be placed on the market) or goods, which form part of passengers’ personal luggage (intended for personal consumption or use) shall not be subjected to Official controls, by virtue of Articles 10 and 7 of Commission delegated regulation 2019/2122.

Greenland

Regulation 0632/212024-08-01

21 certificate(s) required

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y058Particular provisions

Y170Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y174Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Iceland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y175Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Liechtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y176Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y177Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y931Particular provisions

Goods benefitting from derogation to veterinary controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Y930Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/632

C084Other certificates

Exemption by virtue of Articles 3 and 4 of regulation 2019/2122 (animals intended for scientific purposes, research and diagnostic samples, and samples for product analysis and quality testing).

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y170Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y174Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Iceland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y175Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Liechtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y176Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y177Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y931Particular provisions

Goods benefitting from derogation to veterinary controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Y930Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/632

C084Other certificates

Exemption by virtue of Articles 3 and 4 of regulation 2019/2122 (animals intended for scientific purposes, research and diagnostic samples, and samples for product analysis and quality testing).

Import/export not allowed after control

CD626Import of the products of animal origin can derogate from the controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Start date: 2018-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

1905907000: Contains 5% or more by weight of sucrose, invert sugar or isoglucose

Classification tips

Contains less than 5% by weight of sucrose, invert sugar or isoglucose

Sample products

Other bakers' ware, containing less than 5% by weight of sucrose, invert sugar or isoglucose

Regulatory notes

NENC19059080Note 4

Other This subheading includes quiches, pizzas and types of bread not included in subheadings 1905 90 30 and 1905 90 70 . This subheading includes irregularly shaped packing materials, even when rendered unfit for human consumption, produced by the extrusion of starch. General This chapter covers snack-products ready for consumption, in the form of, for example, dried peas or peanuts which are only partially coated with dough and where the essential character of the product is consequently given by the vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants. This chapter also covers cucumbers and gherkins that have undergone complete lactic fermentation. However, cucumbers and gherkins which have not undergone complete lactic fermentation and which are provisionally preserved in brine are to be classified in subheading 0711 40 00 if they are not suitable for immediate consumption. In general, such products contain by weight at least 10 % of salt. For the determination of the dry-weight content of tomato juice, the analytical method set out in the Annex to Commission Regulation (EEC) No 1979/82 (OJ L 214, 22.7.1982, p. 12) is to be applied. Additional note 1 In order to determine the acid content of the product, aliquot proportions of the liquid and solid parts of the goods should be homogenised.

NENC

Non-preferential origin

split_heading

As specified for split headings

specific

As specified for split headings

Residual rule

1. For the purposes of this residual rule, "mixing" means the deliberate and proportionally controlled operation consisting in bringing together two or more fungible materials. 2. The origin of a mixture of products of this

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (1905908000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 9.000 % + EA MAX 20.700 % +ADFM. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (1905908000)?

Yes, 59 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (1905908000)?

Yes, 5 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (1905908000)?

416 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 1905908000?

TARIC code 1905908000 (Other) covers the following products: Other bakers' ware, containing less than 5% by weight of sucrose, invert sugar or isoglucose, Bakers' ware, not elsewhere specified, containing less than 5% by weight of sucrose, invert sugar or isoglucose.

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Hierarchy

04Section IV — PREPARED FOODSTUFFS

1900000000PREPARATIONS OF CEREALS, FLOUR, STARCH OR MILK; PASTRYCOOKS' PRODUCTS

1905900000Other

1905903000Other

1905907000Other

1905907000Containing 5|% or more, by weight, of sucrose, invert sugar or isoglucose

1905908000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty9.000 % + EA MAX 20.700 % +ADFM

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

9.000 % + EA MAX 20.700 % +ADFM

Preferential rates(61)

+51

Preferential rates - 61 Origin
Origin	Rate	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-9.0 pp	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	—	1
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-9.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-9.0 ppESA Interim EPA	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-9.0 ppSADC EPA	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-9.0 pp	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-9.0 ppEverything But Arms	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 % + EAR MAX 20.700 % +ADFMR-9.0 ppEEA Agreement	0.000 % + EAR MAX 20.700 % +ADFMR	-9.0 pp	EEA Agreement	1
European Economic Area - Iceland2014 0.000 %-9.0 pp	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	—	1

Additional duties(3)

inherited from 1900000000

ERGA OMNES

50.000 %1Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

Except:RU(Russia)BY(Belarus)

1 certificate(s) required

Y155Particular provisions50.000 %

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Belarus

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Russia

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 1900000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Non-preferential tariff quota(1)

inherited from 1905900000

All third countries

40.000 %Regulation 0050/152026-07-01

Except:GB(United Kingdom)

Preferential tariff quota(2)

inherited from 1905000000

Canada

0.000 %2Regulation 1781/172026-01-01

CETA (EU-Canada)(since 2017)

2 certificate(s) required

C006Other certificates

Export permit (Council Decision (EU) 2017/37 (OJ L 11))

U062Proof of origin

Reference to Annex 5-A of Council Decision (EU) 2017/37 (OJ L 11)

Measure not applicable

CD796The benefit of this tariff quota is submitted to the presentation of an export permit issued by Canada under the Export and Import Permits Act.

United States

2.300 % + 3.500 EUR DTN1Regulation 1455/262026-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

U190Proof of origin

Proof of origin established in accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EU) No 1455/2026

Measure not applicable

Entry into free circulation (feed & food restriction)(1)

inherited from 1905000000

Chernobyl restriction countries2038

Regulation 0256/242026-05-29

4 certificate(s) required

C678Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Feed and Food of Non-Animal Origin (CHED-D) (as set out in Part 2, Section D of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y854Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1158.

Y855Particular provisions

Exemption from import restrictions by virtue of Article 1(2) of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1158 (Chernobyl accident).

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control(2)

inherited from 1900000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -organic products(1)

inherited from 1900000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 2306/212022-01-01

Except:NO(Norway)CH(Switzerland)LI(Liechtenstein)IS(Iceland)

2 certificate(s) required

C644Other certificates

Certificate of inspection for organic products

Y929Particular provisions

Goods not concerned by Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (organic products)

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -GMOs(2)

ERGA OMNES

Decision 0884/112018-01-01

Except:CN(China)

4 certificate(s) required

C678Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Feed and Food of Non-Animal Origin (CHED-D) (as set out in Part 2, Section D of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y062Particular provisions

Products which are not containing, consisting of or produced from rice (Commission Implementing Decision 2011/884/EU)

Y063Particular provisions

Goods not consigned from China

Import/export not allowed after control

China

Decision 0884/112018-01-01

3 certificate(s) required

C678Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Feed and Food of Non-Animal Origin (CHED-D) (as set out in Part 2, Section D of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y062Particular provisions

Products which are not containing, consisting of or produced from rice (Commission Implementing Decision 2011/884/EU)

Import/export not allowed after control

Veterinary control(4)

All third countries

Regulation 0632/212024-08-01

Except:NO(Norway)CH(Switzerland)IS(Iceland)GL(Greenland)LI(Liechtenstein)FO(Faroe Islands)SM(San Marino)AD(Andorra)

10 certificate(s) required

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y170Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y174Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Iceland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y175Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Liechtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y176Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y177Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y931Particular provisions

Goods benefitting from derogation to veterinary controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Y930Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/632

C084Other certificates

Exemption by virtue of Articles 3 and 4 of regulation 2019/2122 (animals intended for scientific purposes, research and diagnostic samples, and samples for product analysis and quality testing).

Import/export not allowed after control

CD626Import of the products of animal origin can derogate from the controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

European Union

Regulation 0632/212023-11-14

12 certificate(s) required

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y058Particular provisions

Y072Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y073Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y076Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Iceland, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y077Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Lichtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y078Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y079Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin returning from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y151Particular provisions

Goods with EU origin coming from outermost regions, according to the relevant EU legislation

Y931Particular provisions

Goods benefitting from derogation to veterinary controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Y930Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/632

C084Other certificates

Exemption by virtue of Articles 3 and 4 of regulation 2019/2122 (animals intended for scientific purposes, research and diagnostic samples, and samples for product analysis and quality testing).

Import/export not allowed after control

CD626Import of the products of animal origin can derogate from the controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

CD644Derogations to the presentation of a Common Veterinary Entry Document apply to goods with EU origin returning from certain third countries, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Faroe Islands

Regulation 0632/212024-08-01

EU-Faroe Islands FTA(since 1997)

21 certificate(s) required

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y058Particular provisions

Y170Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y174Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Iceland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y175Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Liechtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y176Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y177Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y931Particular provisions

Goods benefitting from derogation to veterinary controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Y930Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/632

C084Other certificates

Exemption by virtue of Articles 3 and 4 of regulation 2019/2122 (animals intended for scientific purposes, research and diagnostic samples, and samples for product analysis and quality testing).

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y170Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y174Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Iceland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y175Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Liechtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y176Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y177Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y931Particular provisions

Goods benefitting from derogation to veterinary controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Y930Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/632

C084Other certificates

Exemption by virtue of Articles 3 and 4 of regulation 2019/2122 (animals intended for scientific purposes, research and diagnostic samples, and samples for product analysis and quality testing).

Import/export not allowed after control

CD626Import of the products of animal origin can derogate from the controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Greenland

Regulation 0632/212024-08-01

21 certificate(s) required

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y058Particular provisions

Y170Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y174Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Iceland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y175Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Liechtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y176Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y177Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y931Particular provisions

Goods benefitting from derogation to veterinary controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Y930Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/632

C084Other certificates

Exemption by virtue of Articles 3 and 4 of regulation 2019/2122 (animals intended for scientific purposes, research and diagnostic samples, and samples for product analysis and quality testing).

N853UN/EDIFACT certificate

Common Health Entry Document for Products (CHED-P) (as set out in Part 2, Section B of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y170Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Andorra, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y171Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Switzerland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y174Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Iceland, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y175Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Liechtenstein, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y176Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from Norway, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y177Particular provisions

Goods with third country origin coming from San Marino, according to the relevant EU legislation.

Y931Particular provisions

Goods benefitting from derogation to veterinary controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Y930Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/632

C084Other certificates

Exemption by virtue of Articles 3 and 4 of regulation 2019/2122 (animals intended for scientific purposes, research and diagnostic samples, and samples for product analysis and quality testing).

Import/export not allowed after control

CD626Import of the products of animal origin can derogate from the controls according to Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/630

Start date: 2018-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

1905907000: Contains 5% or more by weight of sucrose, invert sugar or isoglucose

Classification tips

Contains less than 5% by weight of sucrose, invert sugar or isoglucose

Sample products

Other bakers' ware, containing less than 5% by weight of sucrose, invert sugar or isoglucose

Associated BTIs

See all BTIs (416)

Associated Rulings

218/2003

Classification is determined by the provisions of General Rules 1 and 6 for the interpretation of the Combined Nomenclature and by the wording of CN codes 1905, 1905 90 and 1905 90 90. Because of the heat treatment the starch is predominantly gelatinised. Therefore, the product is considered as partially cooked and, hence, it is excluded from heading 1901 (see the Harmonised System Explanatory Note to heading 1901, Part (II) exclusion (e)). Documented CN 2026 code: 19059080, 190590. Commission 2026 transposition note: 1905 90 80 Modification of structure of subheading 1905 90.

CJEU Case Law

C-38/07 P.

20 Nov 2008

Heuschen & Schrouff Oriëntal Foods Trading BV v Commission of the European Communities.

62007CJ0038_EN Parties Grounds Operative part Parties In Case C‑38/07 P, APPEAL under Article 56 of the Statute of the Court of Justice, brought on 29 January 2007, Heuschen & Schrouff Oriëntal Foods Trading BV, represented by H. de Bie, advocaat, appellant, the other party to the proceedings being: Commission of the European Communities, represented by X. Lewis, acting as Agent, assisted by F. Tuytschaever, advocaat, with an address for service in Luxembourg, defendant at first instance, THE COURT (Second Chamber), composed of C.W.A. Timmermans, President of the Chamber, J.‑C. Bonichot, J. Makarczyk, P. Kūris, and C. Toader (Rapporteur), Judges, Advocate General: V. Trstenjak, Registrar: C. Strömholm, Administrator, having regard to the written procedure and further to the hearing on 22 May 2008, after hearing the Opinion of the Advocate General at the sitting on 4 September 2008, gives the following Judgment Grounds 1. By its appeal, Heuschen & Schrouff Oriëntal Foods Trading BV (‘H & S’) seeks to have set aside the judgment of the Court of First Instance of the European Communities of 30 November 2006 in Case T-382/04 Heuschen & Schrouff Oriëntal Foods v Commission (‘the judgment under appeal’), which dismissed its action for annulment of Commission Decision REM 19/2002 of 17 June 2004 finding that remission of import duties was not justified in a particular case (‘the contested decision’). Legal context Legislation relating to the tariff classification of ...

Regulatory notes

NENC19059080Note 4

NENC

Non-preferential origin

split_heading

As specified for split headings

specific

As specified for split headings

Residual rule

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (1905908000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 9.000 % + EA MAX 20.700 % +ADFM. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (1905908000)?

Yes, 59 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (1905908000)?

Yes, 5 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (1905908000)?

416 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 1905908000?

Help

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Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Synonyms

bakers' wares, bakers' wares, not elsewhere specified, other bakers' wares

Materials

sucrose, invert sugar or isoglucose

Keywords

bakers' wares · bakers' wares, not elsewhere specified · other bakers' wares · sucrose, invert sugar or isoglucose

Bread, pastry, cakes, biscuits and other bakers' wares, whether or not containing cocoa; communion wafers, empty cachets of a kind suitable for pharmaceutical use, sealing wafers, rice paper and similar products This heading covers cocktail snacks ready for consumption in the form of, for example, dried peas or peanuts which are completely coated with dough if, because of its thickness and taste, the dough coating determines the essential character of the product. Only products containing cocoa beans, cocoa paste or cocoa powder are considered to contain cocoa within the meaning of heading 1905 . This heading does not include uncooked dough, in any form, for the production of bread, pastries, cakes, biscuits and other bakers' wares, whether or not containing cocoa (subheading 1901 20 00 ).

Chapter noteChapter 19 — Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk; Pastrycooks' products

1. This chapter does not cover: (a) except in the case of stuffed products of heading 1902, food preparations containing more than 20% by weight of sausage, meat, meat offal, blood, fish or crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates, or any combination thereof (Chapter 16); (b) biscuits or other articles made from flour or from starch, specially prepared for use in animal feeding (heading 2309); (c) medicaments or other products of Chapter 30. 2. For the purposes of heading 1901: (a) the term 'groats' means cereal groats of Chapter 11; (b) the terms 'flour' and 'meal' mean: flour and meal of cereals of Chapter 11; flour, meal and powder of vegetable origin of any chapter. 3. Heading 1904 does not cover preparations containing more than 6% by weight of cocoa calculated on a totally defatted basis or coated with chocolate or other food preparations containing cocoa of heading 1806.

Section noteNotes to Section IV — Prepared foodstuffs; Beverages, spirits and vinegar; Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes

1. In this Section the term 'pellets' means products which have been agglomerated either directly by compression or by the addition of a binder in a proportion not exceeding 3 % by weight. 2. The expression 'food preparations' in this Section, unless the context otherwise requires, means preparations classified in headings 1601 to 2106.

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Other (1905908000)?

Non-preferential origin rules for Other are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

Can TARIC code 1905908000 be used on a customs declaration?

Yes, TARIC code 1905908000 (Other) is a declarable code. It can be used directly on EU customs import and export declarations (Single Administrative Document).

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€3.02/kg

Export €/kg

€3.62/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,671

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€718.6M	196.6Mt	€3.66/kg	56.3%
2	🇨🇳 China	€184.2M	93.8Mt	€1.96/kg	14.4%
3	🇹🇷 Turkey	€142.4M	54.6Mt	€2.61/kg	11.2%
4	🇽🇸 XS	€118.4M	71.4Mt	€1.66/kg	9.3%
5	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€111.8M	15.2Mt	€7.34/kg	8.8%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€4.1B	1.2Bt	€3.47/kg	56.9%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€1.2B	217.6Mt	€5.34/kg	16.1%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€1.1B	285.3Mt	€3.73/kg	14.7%
4	🇳🇴 Norway	€631.6M	196.6Mt	€3.21/kg	8.7%
5	🇨🇦 Canada	€252.2M	55.0Mt	€4.58/kg	3.5%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€3.02/kg

Export €/kg

€3.62/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,671

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€718.6M	196.6Mt	€3.66/kg	56.3%
2	🇨🇳 China	€184.2M	93.8Mt	€1.96/kg	14.4%
3	🇹🇷 Turkey	€142.4M	54.6Mt	€2.61/kg	11.2%
4	🇽🇸 XS	€118.4M	71.4Mt	€1.66/kg	9.3%
5	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€111.8M	15.2Mt	€7.34/kg	8.8%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€4.1B	1.2Bt	€3.47/kg	56.9%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€1.2B	217.6Mt	€5.34/kg	16.1%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€1.1B	285.3Mt	€3.73/kg	14.7%
4	🇳🇴 Norway	€631.6M	196.6Mt	€3.21/kg	8.7%
5	🇨🇦 Canada	€252.2M	55.0Mt	€4.58/kg	3.5%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis