Hierarchy

2000000000PREPARATIONS OF VEGETABLES, FRUIT, NUTS OR OTHER PARTS OF PLANTS

2009000000Fruit or nut juices (including grape must and coconut water) and vegetable juices, unfermented and not containing added spirit, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter

2009710000Apple juice

2009790000Other

2009791100Of a Brix value exceeding 67

2009791900Other

2009791990Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty30.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

30.000 %

Preferential rates(48)

+38

Preferential rates - 48 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-30.0 pp	-30.0 pp	—	1
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-30.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-30.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-30.0 ppESA Interim EPA	-30.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-30.0 ppSADC EPA	-30.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-30.0 pp	-30.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-30.0 ppEverything But Arms	-30.0 pp	Everything But Arms
GSP+2027 0.000 %-30.0 ppGSP+ Enhanced Arrangement	-30.0 pp	GSP+ Enhanced Arrangement
OCTs2080 0.000 %-30.0 ppOverseas Association Decision	-30.0 pp	Overseas Association Decision

Additional duties(3)

inherited from 2000000000

ERGA OMNES

50.000 %1Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

Except:BY(Belarus)RU(Russia)

1 certificate(s) required

Y155Particular provisions50.000 %

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Belarus

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Russia

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Subheading declaration -unit price(1)

inherited from 2009791900

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0927/122013-02-01

0 certificate(s) required

Action 100.000/KGM KGM

CD651Declaration under this goods code is only allowed if the threshold values (net weight/supplementary unit or value/net weight or value/supplementary unit) are respected. If not, check the respective values and correct if necessary. Otherwise, another goods code should be declared.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 2000000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Non-preferential tariff quota(1)

inherited from 2009791900

All third countries

20.000 %Regulation 1988/202026-01-01

Except:BY(Belarus)RU(Russia)GB(United Kingdom)

Preferential tariff quota(2)

inherited from 2009791900

South Africa

15.000 %Decision 1623/162026-01-01

EU-South Africa TDCA(since 2004)

Ukraine

0.000 %Regulation 1988/202026-01-01

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

Import control(2)

inherited from 2000000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -organic products(1)

inherited from 2000000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 2306/212022-01-01

Except:IS(Iceland)NO(Norway)LI(Liechtenstein)CH(Switzerland)

2 certificate(s) required

C644Other certificates

Certificate of inspection for organic products

Y929Particular provisions

Goods not concerned by Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (organic products)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD808If goods bear a reference to organic production in the labelling, advertising material or accompanying documents of products, the declarant must submit a certificate of inspection (C644) at import in accordance with Article 45(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (release for free circulation). For products not covered by Regulation (EU) 2018/848, certificate Y929 has to be declared. These provisions shall apply in addition to the rules regarding the use of the Common Health Entry Document (CHED) by the competent authorities at border control posts in accordance with Article 56(3), point (b)(i), of Regulation (EU) 2017/625 and at control points in accordance with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/2123 and with the rules on decisions on consignments laid down in Article 55 of Regulation (EU) 2017/625.

Start date: 2002-06-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

2009791910: Apple juice in powdered form

Classification tips

Apple juice not in powdered form

Sample products

Unfermented apple juice, not containing added spirit, Brix value not exceeding 67, liquid

Regulatory notes

NENC20092009 11 11 to 2009 11 99

Fruit juices (including grape must) and vegetable juices, unfermented and not containing added spirit, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter See note 6 to this chapter, as regards ‘juice, unfermented and not containing added spirit’. See subheading note 3 to this chapter, as regards the ‘Brix value’. See additional note 5(a) to this chapter, as regards ‘added sugar’. For the purposes of additional note 5(b) to this chapter, products to which sugar has been added in such a quantity that they contain by weight less than 50 % of fruit juice are considered to have lost the original character of the fruit juices of heading 2009 . For determining whether products have lost their original character or not with regard to the addition of sugar, only additional notes 2 and 5 to this chapter are to be applied. The content of various sugars expressed as sucrose is determined in accordance with the said additional note 2. If the content of added sugar calculated in accordance with additional note 5(a) to this chapter exceeds 50 % by weight, the calculated fruit juice content is less than 50 % by weight so that the product is not to be classified under heading 2009 . Additional note 5(b) to this chapter is not to be applied to concentrated natural fruit juices. Consequently, concentrated natural fruit juices are not excluded from heading 2009 . As regards the addition of other substances to products of heading 2009 , see the HS Explanatory Note to heading 2009 . EXAMPLE The analysis of a sample of orange juice gives the following results: Conclusion: the sample is considered, within the meaning of additional note 5(b) to this chapter, not to have lost its original character, because the calculated fruit juice content is not less than 50 % by weight. Frozen See the HS Explanatory Note to subheading 2009 11 . 2009 50 10 and 2009 50 90 Tomato juice See note 4 to this chapter and the relevant explanatory notes.

Non-preferential origin

split_heading

Fruit or nut juices (including grape must and coconut water) and vegetable juices, unfermented and not containing added spirit, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter

As specified for split headings

specific

Fruit or nut juices (including grape must and coconut water) and vegetable juices, unfermented and not containing added spirit, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter

As specified for split headings

Residual rule

1. For the purposes of this residual rule, "mixing" means the deliberate and proportionally controlled operation consisting in bringing together two or more fungible materials. 2. The origin of a mixture of products of this

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (2009791990)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 30.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (2009791990)?

Yes, 47 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (2009791990)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (2009791990)?

39 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 2009791990?

TARIC code 2009791990 (Other) covers the following products: Unfermented apple juice, not containing added spirit, Brix value not exceeding 67, liquid, Liquid apple juice with added sugar, unfermented, not containing added spirit, Brix value not exceeding 67.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

04Section IV — PREPARED FOODSTUFFS

2000000000PREPARATIONS OF VEGETABLES, FRUIT, NUTS OR OTHER PARTS OF PLANTS

2009710000Apple juice

2009790000Other

2009791100Of a Brix value exceeding 67

2009791900Other

2009791990Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty30.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

30.000 %

Preferential rates(48)

+38

Preferential rates - 48 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-30.0 pp	-30.0 pp	—	1
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-30.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-30.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-30.0 ppESA Interim EPA	-30.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-30.0 ppSADC EPA	-30.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-30.0 pp	-30.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-30.0 ppEverything But Arms	-30.0 pp	Everything But Arms
GSP+2027 0.000 %-30.0 ppGSP+ Enhanced Arrangement	-30.0 pp	GSP+ Enhanced Arrangement
OCTs2080 0.000 %-30.0 ppOverseas Association Decision	-30.0 pp	Overseas Association Decision

Additional duties(3)

inherited from 2000000000

ERGA OMNES

50.000 %1Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

Except:BY(Belarus)RU(Russia)

1 certificate(s) required

Y155Particular provisions50.000 %

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Belarus

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Russia

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Subheading declaration -unit price(1)

inherited from 2009791900

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0927/122013-02-01

0 certificate(s) required

Action 100.000/KGM KGM

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 2000000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Non-preferential tariff quota(1)

inherited from 2009791900

All third countries

20.000 %Regulation 1988/202026-01-01

Except:BY(Belarus)RU(Russia)GB(United Kingdom)

Preferential tariff quota(2)

inherited from 2009791900

South Africa

15.000 %Decision 1623/162026-01-01

EU-South Africa TDCA(since 2004)

Ukraine

0.000 %Regulation 1988/202026-01-01

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

Import control(2)

inherited from 2000000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -organic products(1)

inherited from 2000000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 2306/212022-01-01

Except:IS(Iceland)NO(Norway)LI(Liechtenstein)CH(Switzerland)

2 certificate(s) required

C644Other certificates

Certificate of inspection for organic products

Y929Particular provisions

Goods not concerned by Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (organic products)

Import/export not allowed after control

Start date: 2002-06-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

2009791910: Apple juice in powdered form

Classification tips

Apple juice not in powdered form

Sample products

Unfermented apple juice, not containing added spirit, Brix value not exceeding 67, liquid

Associated BTIs

See all BTIs (39)

CJEU Case Law

C‑116/12

12 Dec 2013

Ioannis Christodoulou e.a. contre Elliniko Dimosio

Par ces motifs, la Cour (sixième chambre) dit pour droit: 1) Les articles 29 et 32 du règlement (CEE) n o 2913/92 du Conseil, du 12 octobre 1992, établissant le code des douanes communautaire, tel que modifié par le règlement (CE) n o 82/97 du Parlement européen et du Conseil, du 19 décembre 1996 doivent être interprétés en ce sens qu’ils s’appliquent à la détermination de la valeur en douane de marchandises importées sur la base d’un contrat qui, bien que qualifié de contrat de vente, se révèle être, en réalité, un contrat d’ouvraison ou de transformation. Dans le cadre de cette détermination, il est indifférent de savoir si les opérations d’ouvraison ou de transformation remplissent les conditions fixées à l’article 24 de ce règlement, afin que les marchandises concernées soient considérées comme originaires du pays où ces opérations ont eu lieu. 2) Les articles 29 et 32 du règlement n o 2913/92, tel que modifié par le règlement n o 82/97, doivent être interprétés en ce sens que doit être prise en compte, lors de la détermination de la valeur en douane, la valeur de la restitution à l’exportation dont a bénéficié une marchandise et qui a été obtenue par la mise en œuvre d’une pratique consistant à appliquer des dispositions du droit de l’Union dans le but d’en tirer abusivement profit. Signatures ( *1 ) Langue de procédure: le grec.

Regulatory notes

NENC20092009 11 11 to 2009 11 99

Non-preferential origin

split_heading

Fruit or nut juices (including grape must and coconut water) and vegetable juices, unfermented and not containing added spirit, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter

As specified for split headings

specific

Fruit or nut juices (including grape must and coconut water) and vegetable juices, unfermented and not containing added spirit, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter

As specified for split headings

Residual rule

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (2009791990)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 30.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (2009791990)?

Yes, 47 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (2009791990)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (2009791990)?

39 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 2009791990?

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Synonyms

liquid apple juice, apple juice concentrate, apple juice with added sugar

Materials

Apple juicenot containing added spirit

Keywords

liquid apple juice · apple juice concentrate · apple juice with added sugar · Apple juice · unfermented · not containing added spirit · Brix value not exceeding 67 · Brix

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 20

1. For the purposes of this chapter, the 'sugar content' corresponds to the figure indicated by a refractometer (used in accordance with the method prescribed in Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) No 974/2014) at a temperature of 20 degrees C and multiplied by 0.95 or, in the case of products of subheading 2009 (fruit juices), by the factor 0.93. 2. For the purposes of subheading 2001 90 and 2005 99, 'sweet corn' (Zea mays var. saccharata) means preparations of corn with a sugar content determined on a dry basis of at least 30 % by weight. 3. For the purposes of subheadings 2006 00 31, 2006 00 35, 2006 00 38, 2006 00 91, 2006 00 95 and 2006 00 99, the 'sugar content' means the sucrose content determined by the refractometric method. 4. The Brix value of fruit juices of heading 2009 is the Brix value as read on the refractometer at 20 degrees C. It indicates the percentage by weight of soluble dry matter (predominantly sugars).

Chapter noteChapter 20 — Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants

1. This chapter does not cover: (a) vegetables, fruit or nuts, prepared or preserved by the processes specified in Chapter 7, 8 or 11; (b) food preparations containing more than 20% by weight of sausage, meat, meat offal, blood, fish or crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates, or any combination thereof (Chapter 16); (c) bakery products and other products of heading 1905; (d) homogenised composite food preparations of heading 2104. 2. Headings 2007 and 2008 do not apply to fruit jellies, fruit pastes, sugar-coated almonds or the like in the form of sugar confectionery (heading 1704) or chocolate confectionery (heading 1806). 3. Headings 2001, 2004 and 2005 cover, as the case may be, only those products of Chapter 7 or of heading 1105 or 1106 which have been prepared or preserved by processes other than those referred to in Note 1(a). 4. Tomato juice, the dry weight content of which is 7% or more, is to be classified in heading 2002.

Section noteNotes to Section IV — Prepared foodstuffs; Beverages, spirits and vinegar; Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes

1. In this Section the term 'pellets' means products which have been agglomerated either directly by compression or by the addition of a binder in a proportion not exceeding 3 % by weight. 2. The expression 'food preparations' in this Section, unless the context otherwise requires, means preparations classified in headings 1601 to 2106.

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Other (2009791990)?

Non-preferential origin rules for Other are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€1.61/kg

Export €/kg

€1.78/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,643

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€364.9M	237.8Mt	€1.53/kg	36.9%
2	🇹🇷 Turkey	€261.8M	132.1Mt	€1.98/kg	26.5%
3	🇨🇳 China	€192.0M	122.5Mt	€1.57/kg	19.4%
4	🇲🇩 Moldova	€137.9M	87.2Mt	€1.58/kg	14.0%
5	🇽🇸 XS	€22.5M	15.7Mt	€1.44/kg	2.3%
6	🇬🇪 Georgia	€9.3M	6.0Mt	€1.56/kg	0.9%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€346.8M	207.4Mt	€1.67/kg	43.4%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€276.7M	159.6Mt	€1.73/kg	34.6%
3	🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia	€67.0M	34.4Mt	€1.95/kg	8.4%
4	🇯🇵 Japan	€64.9M	32.9Mt	€1.97/kg	8.1%
5	🇳🇴 Norway	€29.0M	18.6Mt	€1.56/kg	3.6%
6	🇪🇬 Egypt	€15.4M	6.3Mt	€2.47/kg	1.9%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€1.61/kg

Export €/kg

€1.78/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,643

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€364.9M	237.8Mt	€1.53/kg	36.9%
2	🇹🇷 Turkey	€261.8M	132.1Mt	€1.98/kg	26.5%
3	🇨🇳 China	€192.0M	122.5Mt	€1.57/kg	19.4%
4	🇲🇩 Moldova	€137.9M	87.2Mt	€1.58/kg	14.0%
5	🇽🇸 XS	€22.5M	15.7Mt	€1.44/kg	2.3%
6	🇬🇪 Georgia	€9.3M	6.0Mt	€1.56/kg	0.9%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€346.8M	207.4Mt	€1.67/kg	43.4%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€276.7M	159.6Mt	€1.73/kg	34.6%
3	🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia	€67.0M	34.4Mt	€1.95/kg	8.4%
4	🇯🇵 Japan	€64.9M	32.9Mt	€1.97/kg	8.1%
5	🇳🇴 Norway	€29.0M	18.6Mt	€1.56/kg	3.6%
6	🇪🇬 Egypt	€15.4M	6.3Mt	€2.47/kg	1.9%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis