Hierarchy

2700000000MINERAL FUELS, MINERAL OILS AND PRODUCTS OF THEIR DISTILLATION; BITUMINOUS SUBSTANCES; MINERAL WAXES

2707000000Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; similar products in which the weight of the aromatic constituents exceeds that of the non-aromatic constituents

2707999990Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty1.700 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

1.700 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-1.7 pp	-1.7 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-1.7 pp	-1.7 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-1.7 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-1.7 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-1.7 ppESA Interim EPA	-1.7 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-1.7 ppSADC EPA	-1.7 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-1.7 pp	-1.7 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-1.7 ppEverything But Arms	-1.7 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-1.7 ppEEA Agreement	-1.7 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Import control(3)

inherited from 2707000000

Russia

Regulation 0833/142023-12-19

4 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Goods entered the territory of the customs union of the EU and presented to customs authorities prior to the entry into force or to applicability date of the present sanction, whichever is latest (see Article 12e of Regulation (EU) No 833/2014)

Import not allowed

CD868It shall be prohibited to purchase, import, or transfer, directly or indirectly, goods which generate significant revenues for Russia thereby enabling its actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine, as listed in Annex XXI into the Union if they originate in Russia or are exported from Russia. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1, the competent authorities may authorise the purchase, import or transfer of the goods listed in Annex XXI, or the provision of related technical and financial assistance, under such conditions as they deem appropriate, after having determined that this is necessary for the establishment, operation, maintenance, fuel supply and retreatment and safety of civil nuclear capabilities, and the continuation of design, construction and commissioning required for the completion of civil nuclear facilities, the supply of precursor material for the production of medical radioisotopes and similar medical applications, or critical technology for environmental radiation monitoring, as well as for civil nuclear cooperation, in particular in the field of research and development. Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 - Article 3i (Council regulation (EU) 2022/576)

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -REACH(1)

inherited from 2707999900

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1907/062025-04-22

3 certificate(s) required

Y106Particular provisions

Compliance with the REACH restrictions defined in Column 2 of Annex XVII of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006

Y110Particular provisions

Exemption from REACH restrictions by virtue of Article 67(1) and 67(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006

Y113Particular provisions

Substance/mixture not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (Annex XVII)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD730A substance for which Annex XVII contains a restriction shall not be imported unless it complies with the conditions of that restriction. This shall not apply to the manufacture, placing on the market or use of a substance in scientific research and development. Annex XVII shall specify if the restriction shall not apply to product and process orientated research and development, as well as the maximum quantity exempted. The restrictions shall not apply to the use of substances in cosmetic products, as defined by Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products (repealing the Directive 76/768/EEC), with regard to restrictions addressing the risks to human health within the scope of that regulation. (Article 67 points 1 and 2 of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006).

CHM00028REACH - Annex XVII - Entry 28

CHM00082REACH - Annex XVII - Entry 50a

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(2)

inherited from 2707000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062022-03-03

2 certificate(s) required

Y921Particular provisions

Goods exempted from the prohibition

Y870Particular provisions

Import/export not allowed after control

CD8501. It shall be prohibited to purchase, import or transfer, directly or indirectly, mineral products, as listed in Annex VII, and crude oil, as listed in Annex XXIII, if they originate in Belarus or are exported from Belarus. 2. It shall be prohibited to provide, directly or indirectly, technical assistance, brokering services, financing or financial assistance or any other services related to the prohibition in paragraph 1. 3. The prohibitions in paragraph 1 shall not apply to purchases in Belarus of mineral products listed in Annex VII which are required in order to meet the essential needs of the purchaser in Belarus or of humanitarian projects in Belarus. (Article 1h of Council Regulation (EU) 2024/1865 of 29 June 2024 amending Regulation (EC) No 765/2006)

TM938Goods from the Annex VII (List of petroleum products referred to in Article 1h) of Council regulation (EC) 765/2006 (Council Regulation (EU) 2021/1030 )

Iran

Regulation 0267/122017-10-23

1 certificate(s) required

Y966Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the MG footnotes linked to the measure (Missile Technology Control Regime list - Annex III of Reg. (EU) 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD971Annex III (MG footnotes) shall list the items, including goods and technology, contained in the Missile Technology Control Regime list (Council regulation 267/2012).

CD985If the goods declared are described in footnote "MG" linked to the measure (article 4a, article 4c of the Council regulation 267/2012): It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in Annex III or any other item that the Member State determines could contribute to the development of nuclear weapon delivery systems, whether or not originating in the Union, to any Iranian person, entity or body or for use in Iran. It shall be prohibited to purchase, import or transport from Iran, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in Annex III whether the item concerned originates in Iran or not.

MG647M4C2c, M4C2d, M4C2e, M4C4a, M4C4b, M4C2b, M4C2f, M4C2g, M4C5, M4C6c1, M4C6d1, M4C6e1, M4C6d2, M4C6d4, M4C6c2, M4C6d5

Import prohibition(1)

inherited from 2707000000

North Korea

—Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

TM398Goods from the Annex VI of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509 (Petroleum products)

Start date: 2014-07-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

2707999910: Heavy or medium oils for use as refinery feedstock to undergo a specific process

Classification tips

Other product within the aromatic-predominant scope that is not described as refinery feedstock for that specific processing

Sample products

Other product of the distillation of high-temperature coal tar, aromatic constituents predominate

Regulatory notes

NENC2707

Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; similar products in which the weight of the aromatic constituents exceeds that of the non-aromatic constituents As regards the determination of the content of aromatic constituents, see the explanatory note to note 2 to this chapter.

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 27

1. For the purposes of subheading 2707 10, 'benzol (benzene)' means products containing more than 50 % by weight of benzene. For the purposes of subheading 2707 20, 'toluol (toluene)' means products containing more than 50 % by weight of toluene. For the purposes of subheading 2707 30, 'xylol (xylenes)' means products containing more than 50 % by weight of xylenes. 2. For the purposes of heading 2710: (a) 'light oils and preparations' (subheadings 2710 12 to 2710 19 99) means those of which 90 % or more by volume (including losses) distils at 210 degrees C according to the ASTM D 86 method; (b) 'special spirits' (subheadings 2710 12 21 and 2710 12 25) means light oils as defined in paragraph (a), not containing any anti-knock preparations, and with a difference of not more than 60 degrees C between the temperatures at which 5 % and 90 % by volume (including losses) distil; (c) 'heavy oils' (subheadings 2710 19 and 2710 20) means those of which less than 90 % by volume (including losses) distils at 210 degrees C according to the ASTM D 86 method or of which the percentage distilling at 210 degrees C cannot be determined by that method; (d) 'gas oils' (subheadings 2710 19 25 to 2710 19 48 and 2710 20 11 to 2710 20 19) means heavy oils as defined in paragraph (c) of which 85 % or more by volume (including losses) distils at 350 degrees C according to the ASTM D 86 method; (e) 'fuel oils' (subheadings 2710 19 51 to 2710 19 68 and 2710 20 31 to 2710 20 39) means heavy oils as defined in paragraph (c) (other than gas oils as defined in paragraph (d)) for which the Conradson carbon residue figure (using the ASTM D 189 method) for the non-distillable residue: — is less than 2 % by weight of the sample, or — is 2 % or more, but less than 8 %. 3. For the purposes of heading 2712, the expression 'crude petroleum jelly' (subheading 2712 10 10) means petroleum jelly of a natural colour higher than 4.5 by the ASTM D 1500 method.

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; similar products in which the weight of the aromatic constituents exceeds that of the non-aromatic constituents.

CTH

Residual rule

List of simple processes which are not to be considered as origin conferring: - cleaning - decantation - desalination - water separation - filtering - colouring - marking - any combination of these operations

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (2707999990)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 1.700 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (2707999990)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (2707999990)?

Yes, 6 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (2707999990)?

6 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 2707999990?

TARIC code 2707999990 (Other) covers the following products: Other product of the distillation of high-temperature coal tar, aromatic constituents predominate, Similar aromatic-rich product, not a heavy or medium oil for use as refinery feedstock.

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Hierarchy

05Section V — MINERAL PRODUCTS

2700000000MINERAL FUELS, MINERAL OILS AND PRODUCTS OF THEIR DISTILLATION; BITUMINOUS SUBSTANCES; MINERAL WAXES

2707000000Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; similar products in which the weight of the aromatic constituents exceeds that of the non-aromatic constituents

2707999990Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty1.700 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

1.700 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-1.7 pp	-1.7 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-1.7 pp	-1.7 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-1.7 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-1.7 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-1.7 ppESA Interim EPA	-1.7 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-1.7 ppSADC EPA	-1.7 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-1.7 pp	-1.7 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-1.7 ppEverything But Arms	-1.7 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-1.7 ppEEA Agreement	-1.7 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Import control(3)

inherited from 2707000000

Russia

Regulation 0833/142023-12-19

4 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -REACH(1)

inherited from 2707999900

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1907/062025-04-22

3 certificate(s) required

Y106Particular provisions

Compliance with the REACH restrictions defined in Column 2 of Annex XVII of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006

Y110Particular provisions

Exemption from REACH restrictions by virtue of Article 67(1) and 67(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006

Y113Particular provisions

Substance/mixture not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (Annex XVII)

Import/export not allowed after control

CHM00028REACH - Annex XVII - Entry 28

CHM00082REACH - Annex XVII - Entry 50a

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(2)

inherited from 2707000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062022-03-03

2 certificate(s) required

Y921Particular provisions

Goods exempted from the prohibition

Y870Particular provisions

Import/export not allowed after control

TM938Goods from the Annex VII (List of petroleum products referred to in Article 1h) of Council regulation (EC) 765/2006 (Council Regulation (EU) 2021/1030 )

Iran

Regulation 0267/122017-10-23

1 certificate(s) required

Y966Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the MG footnotes linked to the measure (Missile Technology Control Regime list - Annex III of Reg. (EU) 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD971Annex III (MG footnotes) shall list the items, including goods and technology, contained in the Missile Technology Control Regime list (Council regulation 267/2012).

MG647M4C2c, M4C2d, M4C2e, M4C4a, M4C4b, M4C2b, M4C2f, M4C2g, M4C5, M4C6c1, M4C6d1, M4C6e1, M4C6d2, M4C6d4, M4C6c2, M4C6d5

Import prohibition(1)

inherited from 2707000000

North Korea

—Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

TM398Goods from the Annex VI of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509 (Petroleum products)

Start date: 2014-07-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

2707999910: Heavy or medium oils for use as refinery feedstock to undergo a specific process

Classification tips

Other product within the aromatic-predominant scope that is not described as refinery feedstock for that specific processing

Sample products

Other product of the distillation of high-temperature coal tar, aromatic constituents predominate

Associated BTIs

CJEU Case Law

C‑330/13

12 Jun 2014

Lukoyl Neftohim Burgas AD v Nachalnik na Mitnicheski punkt Pristanishte Burgas Tsentar pri Mitnitsa Burgas

On those grounds, the Court (Sixth Chamber) hereby rules: 1. The criterion to take into consideration in order to classify products with characteristics such as those of the product at issue in the main proceedings under Heading 2707 or Heading 2710 of the Combined Nomenclature in Annex I to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 of 23 July 1987 on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff, as amended by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1006/2011 of 27 September 2011, is the content by weight of the aromatic constituents in relation to the non-aromatic constituents. 2. The expression ‘aromatic constituents’ in Chapter 27 of the Combined Nomenclature in Annex I to Regulation No 2658/87, as amended by Regulation No 1006/2011, must be interpreted as being wider than ‘aromatic hydrocarbons’. 3. It is, in principle, for the national courts to establish the most appropriate method to determine the content of aromatic constituents of a specific product in order to classify it under Heading 2707 or Heading 2710 of the Combined Nomenclature in Annex I to Regulation No 2658/87, as amended by Regulation No 1006/2011. 4. Point 1 of the Explanatory Notes to the Combined Nomenclature in Annex I to Regulation No 2658/87, as amended by Regulation No 1006/2011, on subheadings 2707 99 91 and 2707 99 99 thereof must be interpreted as being non-exhaustive, so that a product falling within Heading 2707 of the Combined Nomenclature which cannot be classified under a specific subheading must be classified under subheading 2707 99 99 thereof. [Signatures] ( *1 ) Language of the case: Bulgarian.

Regulatory notes

NENC2707

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 27

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar; similar products in which the weight of the aromatic constituents exceeds that of the non-aromatic constituents.

CTH

Residual rule

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (2707999990)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 1.700 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (2707999990)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (2707999990)?

Yes, 6 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (2707999990)?

6 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 2707999990?

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Chapter noteChapter 27 — Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; Bituminous substances; Mineral waxes

1. This chapter does not cover: (a) separate chemically defined organic compounds, other than pure methane and propane which are to be classified in heading 2711; (b) medicaments of heading 3003 or 3004; (c) mixed unsaturated hydrocarbons of heading 3301, 3302 or 3805. 2. References in heading 2710 to 'petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals' include not only petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals but also similar oils, as well as those consisting mainly of mixed unsaturated hydrocarbons, obtained by any process, provided that the weight of the non-aromatic constituents exceeds that of the aromatic constituents. However, this does not apply to liquid synthetic polyolefins of which less than 60% by volume distils at 300 degrees Celsius, after conversion to 1,013 millibars when a reduced-pressure distillation method is used (Chapter 39). 3. For the purposes of heading 2710, 'waste oils' means waste containing mainly petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (as described in Note 2), whether or not mixed with water. These include: (a) such oils no longer fit for use as primary products (for example, used lubricating oils, used hydraulic oils and used transformer oils); (b) sludge oils from the storage tanks of petroleum oils, consisting mainly of such oils and a high concentration of additives (for example, chemicals) used in the manufacture of the primary products; (c) such oils in the form of emulsions in water or mixtures with water, such as those resulting from oil spills, storage tank washings, or from the use of cutting oils for machining operations.

Section noteNotes to Section V — Mineral products

Section V has no Section Notes. The classification rules for mineral products are governed by the individual Chapter Notes of Chapters 25, 26 and 27. In particular, Chapter 25 Note 1 provides that, except where context otherwise requires, headings of that Chapter cover only products in the crude state or which have been washed, crushed, ground, powdered, levigated, sifted, screened, concentrated by flotation, magnetic separation or other mechanical or physical processes (except crystallisation), but not products which have been roasted, calcined, obtained by mixing or subjected to processing beyond that mentioned in each heading.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€0.5200/kg

Export €/kg

€0.4944/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,944

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€5.5B	10.8Bt	€0.5063/kg	46.1%
2	🇶🇼 QW	€2.8B	3.7Bt	€0.7491/kg	23.2%
3	🇷🇺 Russia	€1.4B	2.9Bt	€0.4798/kg	11.7%
4	🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia	€1.1B	2.3Bt	€0.4581/kg	9.1%
5	🇺🇸 United States	€886.2M	1.6Bt	€0.5518/kg	7.5%
6	🇲🇽 Mexico	€296.0M	756.8Mt	€0.3911/kg	2.5%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇶🇸 QS	€12.1B	24.0Bt	€0.5037/kg	43.2%
2	🇶🇼 QW	€5.7B	11.7Bt	€0.4837/kg	20.2%
3	🇸🇬 Singapore	€3.7B	7.8Bt	€0.4754/kg	13.3%
4	🇬🇮 GI	€3.3B	6.8Bt	€0.4796/kg	11.7%
5	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€3.2B	6.5Bt	€0.4975/kg	11.6%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€0.5200/kg

Export €/kg

€0.4944/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,944

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€5.5B	10.8Bt	€0.5063/kg	46.1%
2	🇶🇼 QW	€2.8B	3.7Bt	€0.7491/kg	23.2%
3	🇷🇺 Russia	€1.4B	2.9Bt	€0.4798/kg	11.7%
4	🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia	€1.1B	2.3Bt	€0.4581/kg	9.1%
5	🇺🇸 United States	€886.2M	1.6Bt	€0.5518/kg	7.5%
6	🇲🇽 Mexico	€296.0M	756.8Mt	€0.3911/kg	2.5%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇶🇸 QS	€12.1B	24.0Bt	€0.5037/kg	43.2%
2	🇶🇼 QW	€5.7B	11.7Bt	€0.4837/kg	20.2%
3	🇸🇬 Singapore	€3.7B	7.8Bt	€0.4754/kg	13.3%
4	🇬🇮 GI	€3.3B	6.8Bt	€0.4796/kg	11.7%
5	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€3.2B	6.5Bt	€0.4975/kg	11.6%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis