Hierarchy

06Section VI — PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES

2909000000Ethers, ether-alcohols, ether-phenols, ether-alcohol-phenols, alcohol peroxides, ether peroxides, acetal and hemiacetal peroxides, ketone peroxides (whether or not chemically defined), and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

2909110000Acyclic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

2909110000Diethyl ether 2909190000Other

2909200000Cyclanic, cyclenic or cycloterpenic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

4 other codes

2909300000Aromatic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives 2909410000Ether-alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives 2909500000Ether-phenols, ether-alcohol-phenols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives 2909600000Alcohol peroxides, ether peroxides, acetal and hemiacetal peroxides, ketone peroxides and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty5.500 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

5.500 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-5.5 pp	-5.5 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-5.5 pp	-5.5 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-5.5 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-5.5 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-5.5 ppESA Interim EPA	-5.5 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-5.5 ppSADC EPA	-5.5 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-5.5 pp	-5.5 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-5.5 ppEverything But Arms	-5.5 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-5.5 ppEEA Agreement	-5.5 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 2900000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 2909000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

EU003According to The Special Provisions of Section II (A) (3) of the Preliminary Provisions of the Combined Nomenclature the suspension of customs duties for goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms shall be subject to conditions laid down in the relevant provisions of the European Union with a view to customs control of the use of such goods.

TM5101. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of goods intended for incorporation in the ships, boats or other vessels classified at the following CN codes 8901 10 10; 8901 20 10; 8901 30 10; 8901 90 10; 8902 00 10; 8903 91 10; 8903 92 10; 8904 00 10; 8904 00 91; 8905 10 10; 8905 90 10; 8906 10 00; 8906 90 10 for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for fitting to or equipping such ships, boats or other vessels. 2. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of: (a) goods intended for incorporation in drilling or production platforms: (1) fixed, of subheading ex 8430 49, operating in or outside the territorial sea of Member States, or (2) floating or submersible, of subheading 8905 20, for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for equipping the said platforms. (b) tubes, pipes, cables and their connection pieces, linking these drilling or production platforms to the mainland.

Import control(5)

inherited from 2909000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-02-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y727Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 3)

Y728Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 4)

L152Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 1ra paragraph 10 of Council Regulation (EU) 765/2006

Y870Particular provisions

Goods entered the territory of the customs union of the EU and presented to customs authorities prior to the entry into force or to applicability date of the present sanction, whichever is latest (see Article 8f of Regulation (EU) No 765/2006)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD925It shall be prohibited to purchase, import, or transfer into the Union, directly or indirectly, goods which allow Belarus to diversify its sources of revenue, thereby enabling its involvement in the Russian aggression against Ukraine, as listed in Annex XXVII, if they originate in Belarus or are exported from Belarus. Article 1ra - Regulation (EU) 765/2006 (COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2024/1865)

Iran

Regulation 0267/122025-09-30

1 certificate(s) required

Y240Particular provisions

Goods exempted from prohibition by virtue of Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 267/2012

Import/export not allowed after control

TM01035Article 14 of Regulation (EU) No 267/2012 1. The prohibitions in Article 13 shall not apply to: (a) the execution until 1 January 2026, of trade contracts concluded before 30 September 2025, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts; (b) the execution of contracts concluded before 30 September 2025, or of ancillary contracts, including transport or insurance contracts, necessary for the execution of such contracts, where a contract specifically provides that the supply of Iranian petrochemical products or the proceeds derived from their supply are for the reimbursement of outstanding amounts to persons, entities or bodies under the jurisdiction of Member States; (c) petrochemical products which had been exported from Iran prior to 30 September 2025, or where the export was made pursuant to point (a) on or prior to 30 September 2025, or where the export was made pursuant to point (b), provided that the person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract concerned has notified, at least 20 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which it is established. 2. The prohibition in Article 13(1), point (d), shall not apply to the provision, until 1 January 2026, directly or indirectly, of third party liability insurance and environmental liability insurance and reinsurance.

Russia

Regulation 0833/142023-12-19

4 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

CD868It shall be prohibited to purchase, import, or transfer, directly or indirectly, goods which generate significant revenues for Russia thereby enabling its actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine, as listed in Annex XXI into the Union if they originate in Russia or are exported from Russia. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1, the competent authorities may authorise the purchase, import or transfer of the goods listed in Annex XXI, or the provision of related technical and financial assistance, under such conditions as they deem appropriate, after having determined that this is necessary for the establishment, operation, maintenance, fuel supply and retreatment and safety of civil nuclear capabilities, and the continuation of design, construction and commissioning required for the completion of civil nuclear facilities, the supply of precursor material for the production of medical radioisotopes and similar medical applications, or critical technology for environmental radiation monitoring, as well as for civil nuclear cooperation, in particular in the field of research and development. Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 - Article 3i (Council regulation (EU) 2022/576)

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Start date: 1972-01-01

Description & Classification

Sample products

Diethyl etherDiethyl ether (ethoxyethane)

Synonyms

ethoxyethane, ethyl ether, sulphuric ether

Materials

organic chemicals

Regulatory notes

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 29

1. Unless the context otherwise requires, the headings of this chapter include only: (a) separate chemically defined organic compounds, whether or not containing impurities; (b) mixtures of two or more isomers of the same organic compound, whether or not containing impurities. 2. For the purposes of subheadings 2932 12 and 2932 13, the expression '2-furaldehyde (furfuraldehyde)' includes hydroxymethylfurfural. 3. Subheadings 2933 61, 2933 69 10 and 2933 69 90 do not include the separate isomers of melamine (cyanuramide), ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid, which are classified under heading 2933 69 10 or 2933 69 90. 4. For the purposes of subheading 2934 10, 'compounds containing an unfused thiazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure' includes compounds containing two or more thiazole ring systems which are not fused to each other and where no other ring system is present.

Chapter note

Non-preferential origin

split_heading

Ethers, ether-alcohols, ether-phenols, ether-alcohol- phenols, alcohol peroxides, ether peroxides, acetal and hemiacetal peroxides, ketone peroxides (whether or not chemically defined), and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives.

As specified for split headings

specific

As specified for split headings

Residual rule

Purification Purification is to be considered as origin conferring provided that one of the following criteria is satisfied: (a) purification of a good resulting in the elimination of 80 percent of the content of existing impurities; or (b) the reduction or elimination of impurities resulting in a good suitable for one or more of the following applications: (i) pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic, veterinary or food grade substances; (ii) chemical products and reagents for analytical, diagnostic or laboratory uses; (iii) elements and components for use in micro-electronics; (iv) specialized optical uses; (v) biotechnical use (e.g., in cell culturing, in genetic technology, or as a catalyst); (vi) carriers used in a separation process; or (vii) nuclear grade uses.

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Acyclic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives (2909110000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Acyclic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives is 5.500 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Acyclic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives (2909110000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Acyclic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives (2909110000)?

Yes, 5 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Acyclic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives (2909110000)?

2 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

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Hierarchy

06Section VI — PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES

2900000000ORGANIC CHEMICALS

2909110000Acyclic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

2909110000Diethyl ether 2909190000Other

2909200000Cyclanic, cyclenic or cycloterpenic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives

4 other codes

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty5.500 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

5.500 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-5.5 pp	-5.5 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-5.5 pp	-5.5 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-5.5 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-5.5 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-5.5 ppESA Interim EPA	-5.5 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-5.5 ppSADC EPA	-5.5 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-5.5 pp	-5.5 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-5.5 ppEverything But Arms	-5.5 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-5.5 ppEEA Agreement	-5.5 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 2900000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 2909000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

Import control(5)

inherited from 2909000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-02-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y727Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 3)

Y728Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 4)

L152Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 1ra paragraph 10 of Council Regulation (EU) 765/2006

Y870Particular provisions

Import/export not allowed after control

Iran

Regulation 0267/122025-09-30

1 certificate(s) required

Y240Particular provisions

Goods exempted from prohibition by virtue of Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 267/2012

Import/export not allowed after control

Russia

Regulation 0833/142023-12-19

4 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Start date: 1972-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Sample products

Diethyl etherDiethyl ether (ethoxyethane)

Synonyms

ethoxyethane, ethyl ether, sulphuric ether

Materials

organic chemicals

Associated BTIs

Regulatory notes

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 29

Chapter note

Non-preferential origin

split_heading

As specified for split headings

specific

As specified for split headings

Residual rule

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Acyclic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives (2909110000)?

Are there tariff preferences for Acyclic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives (2909110000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Acyclic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives (2909110000)?

Yes, 5 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Acyclic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives (2909110000)?

2 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

1. Except where the context otherwise requires, the headings of this chapter apply only to: (a) separate chemically defined organic compounds, whether or not containing impurities; (b) mixtures of two or more isomers of the same organic compound (whether or not containing impurities), except mixtures of acyclic hydrocarbon isomers (other than stereoisomers), whether or not saturated (Chapter 27). 2. This chapter does not cover: (a) goods of heading 1504 or crude glycerol of heading 1520; (b) ethyl alcohol (heading 2207 or 2208); (c) methane or propane (heading 2711); (d) the compounds of carbon mentioned in Note 2 to Chapter 28; (e) immunological products (heading 3002); (f) urea (heading 3102 or 3105); (g) colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin (heading 3203), synthetic organic colouring matter, synthetic organic products of a kind used as fluorescent brightening agents or as luminophores (heading 3204), or dyes or other colouring matter put up in forms or packings for retail sale (heading 3212); (h) enzymes (heading 3507); (ij) metaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine or similar substances, put up in forms (for example, tablets, sticks or similar forms) for use as fuels, or liquid or liquefied-gas fuels in containers of a kind used for filling or refilling cigarette or similar lighters and of a capacity not exceeding 300 cm3 (heading 3606); (k) products put up as charges for fire-extinguishers or put up in fire-extinguishing grenades, of heading 3813; ink removers put up in packings for retail sale, of heading 3824. 3. Goods which could be classified in two or more headings of this chapter are to be classified in the heading which occurs last in numerical order among those which equally merit consideration.

Section noteNotes to Section VI — Products of the chemical or allied industries

1. (A) Products (other than radioactive ores) answering to a description in heading 2844 or 2845 are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. (B) Subject to paragraph (A) above, products answering to a description in heading 2843, 2846 or 2852 are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of this Section. 2. Subject to Note 1 above, products classifiable in heading 3004, 3005, 3006, 3212, 3303, 3304, 3305, 3306, 3307, 3506, 3707 or 3808 by reason of being put up in measured doses or for retail sale are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. 3. Goods put up in sets consisting of two or more separate constituents, some or all of which fall in this Section and are intended to be mixed together to obtain a product of Section VI or VII, are to be classified in the heading appropriate to that product, provided that the constituents are: (a) having regard to the manner in which they are put up, clearly identifiable as being intended for use together without first being repacked; (b) presented together; and (c) identifiable, whether by their nature or by the relative proportions in which they are present, as being complementary one to another.

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Acyclic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives (2909110000)?

Non-preferential origin rules for Acyclic ethers and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€3.25/kg

Export €/kg

€4.48/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

4,426

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇮🇳 India	€6.6M	2.6Mt	€2.55/kg	63.8%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€1.2M	110Kt	€11.34/kg	12.1%
3	🇲🇽 Mexico	€1.1M	327Kt	€3.46/kg	11.0%
4	🇮🇱 Israel	€779K	119Kt	€6.58/kg	7.5%
5	🇨🇳 China	€576K	148Kt	€3.89/kg	5.6%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€6.3M	1.6Mt	€3.83/kg	39.7%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€5.1M	1.3Mt	€4.08/kg	32.1%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€1.9M	350Kt	€5.34/kg	11.8%
4	🇹🇷 Turkey	€1.4M	220Kt	€6.59/kg	9.1%
5	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€1.2M	274Kt	€4.27/kg	7.4%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€3.25/kg

Export €/kg

€4.48/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

4,426

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇮🇳 India	€6.6M	2.6Mt	€2.55/kg	63.8%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€1.2M	110Kt	€11.34/kg	12.1%
3	🇲🇽 Mexico	€1.1M	327Kt	€3.46/kg	11.0%
4	🇮🇱 Israel	€779K	119Kt	€6.58/kg	7.5%
5	🇨🇳 China	€576K	148Kt	€3.89/kg	5.6%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€6.3M	1.6Mt	€3.83/kg	39.7%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€5.1M	1.3Mt	€4.08/kg	32.1%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€1.9M	350Kt	€5.34/kg	11.8%
4	🇹🇷 Turkey	€1.4M	220Kt	€6.59/kg	9.1%
5	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€1.2M	274Kt	€4.27/kg	7.4%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis