Hierarchy

06Section VI — PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES

3200000000TANNING OR DYEING EXTRACTS; TANNINS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES; DYES, PIGMENTS AND OTHER COLOURING MATTER; PAINTS AND VARNISHES; PUTTY AND OTHER MASTICS; INKS

3 other codes

3201000000Tanning extracts of vegetable origin; tannins and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives 3202000000Synthetic organic tanning substances; inorganic tanning substances; tanning preparations, whether or not containing natural tanning substances; enzymatic preparations for pre-tanning 3203000000Colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin (including dyeing extracts but excluding animal black), whether or not chemically defined; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin

3204000000Synthetic organic colouring matter, whether or not chemically defined; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on synthetic organic colouring matter; synthetic organic products of a kind used as fluorescent brightening agents or as luminophores, whether or not chemically defined

3205000000Colour lakes; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on colour lakes

3205000020Colourant C.I. Solvent Red 48 (CAS RN 13473-26-2) preparation, in a form of dry powder, containing by weight: -16 % or more but not more than 25 % of Colourant C.I. Solvent Red 48 (CAS RN 13473-26-2) -65 % or more but no more than 75 % of aluminium hydroxide (CAS RN 21645-51-2)3205000030Colourant C.I. Pigment Red 174 (CAS RN 15876-58-1) preparation, in a form of dry powder, containing by weight: -16 % or more but not more than 21 % of Colourant C.I. Pigment Red 174 (CAS RN 15876-58-1) -65 % or more but no more than 69 % of aluminium hydroxide (CAS RN 21645-51-2)3205000090Other

3206000000Other colouring matter; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter, other than those of heading|3203, 3204|or 3205; inorganic products of a kind used as luminophores, whether or not chemically defined

9 other codes

3207000000Prepared pigments, prepared opacifiers and prepared colours, vitrifiable enamels and glazes, engobes (slips), liquid lustres and similar preparations, of a kind used in the ceramic, enamelling or glass industry; glass frit and other glass, in the form of powder, granules or flakes 3208000000Paints and varnishes (including enamels and lacquers) based on synthetic polymers or chemically modified natural polymers, dispersed or dissolved in a non-aqueous medium; solutions as defined in note|4|to this chapter 3209000000Paints and varnishes (including enamels and lacquers) based on synthetic polymers or chemically modified natural polymers, dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous medium 3210000000Other paints and varnishes (including enamels, lacquers and distempers); prepared water pigments of a kind used for finishing leather 3211000000Prepared driers 3212000000Pigments (including metallic powders and flakes) dispersed in non-aqueous media, in liquid or paste form, of a kind used in the manufacture of paints (including enamels); stamping foils; dyes and other colouring matter put up in forms or packings for retail sale 3213000000Artists', students' or signboard painters' colours, modifying tints, amusement colours and the like, in tablets, tubes, jars, bottles, pans or in similar forms or packings 3214000000Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics; painters' fillings; non-refractory surfacing preparations for façades, indoor walls, floors, ceilings or the like 3215000000Printing ink, writing or drawing ink and other inks, whether or not concentrated or solid

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty6.500 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

6.500 %

Footnotes

TN701According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014 (OJ L183, p. 9) it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. ------------------------- According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions shall not apply in respect of goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part.

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-6.5 pp	-6.5 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-6.5 pp	-6.5 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-6.5 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-6.5 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-6.5 ppESA Interim EPA	-6.5 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-6.5 ppSADC EPA	-6.5 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-6.5 pp	-6.5 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-6.5 ppEverything But Arms	-6.5 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-6.5 ppEEA Agreement	-6.5 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Airworthiness tariff suspension(1)

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 1517/182018-11-01

1 certificate(s) required

C119Other certificates

Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate

Measure not applicable

CD333The autonomous Common Customs Tariff duties laid down in Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 for parts, components and other goods of a kind to be incorporated in or used for aircraft and parts thereof in the course of their manufacture, repair, maintenance, rebuilding, modification or conversion is suspended. In order to benefit from the suspension, the declarant shall present to the customs authorities an Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1, as set out in Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, or an equivalent certificate. The certificates which are deemed to be equivalent to Authorised Release Certificates are listed in Annex II to the Regulation (EU) 2018/1517.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 3200000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Import control(2)

inherited from 3200000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -waste(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1157/242026-05-21

6 certificate(s) required

C672Other certificates

Information document accompanying shipments of waste as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 18 and Annex VII

C669Other certificates

Notification document as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 - Article 5 and Annex IA

Y923Particular provisions

Product not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

C672Other certificates

Information document accompanying shipments of waste as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 18 and Annex VII

C670Other certificates

Movement document as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 5 and Annex IB

Y923Particular provisions

Product not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

Import/export not allowed after control

CD572The wastes mentioned in Article 4 (paragraphs 1 and 2) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 shall be subject to the procedure of prior written notification and consent.

CD573The wastes mentioned in Article 4(paragraph 4) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 shall be subjected to the general information requirements laid down in Article 18 of the same Regulation, if the amount of waste shipped exceeds 20 kg.

CD574If the wastes listed in Annex III (green list) display certain hazardous characteristics, the relevant provisions shall apply as if these wastes had been listed in Annex IV (amber list). Article 4 (paragraph 2 letter e) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157.

CD577By way of derogation from Article 4(1) and (2), shipments of waste explicitly destined for laboratory aalysis or experimental treatment trials to assess either the physical or chemical characteristics of the waste or to determine its suitability for recovery or disposal shall be subject to the general information requirements laid down in Article 18 where all of the following conditions are fulfilled: (a) the quantity of waste does not exceed the quantity reasonably needed to perform the analysis or trial in each particular case, but not more than 250 kg or any larger quantity agreed on a case-by- case basis by the competent authorities of dispatch and destination and the person who arranges the shipment; (b) in the event a quantity higher than 250 kg is requested by the person who arranges the shipment, that person shall provide the information contained in Annex VII, to the extent possible, to the competent authorities of dispatch and destination together with the reasoned explanation why such a larger quantity is needed to perform the analysis or trial. Article 4 (paragraph 5) - Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

Start date: 1972-01-01

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 32 — Tanning or dyeing extracts; Tannins and their derivatives; Dyes, pigments and other colouring matter; Paints and varnishes; Putty and other mastics; Inks

1. This chapter does not cover: (a) separate chemically defined elements or compounds (except those of heading 3203 or 3204, inorganic products of a kind used as luminophores (heading 3206), glass obtained from fused quartz or other fused silica in the forms provided for in heading 3207, and also dyes and other colouring matter put up in forms or packings for retail sale, of heading 3212); (b) tannates or other tannin derivatives of products of headings 2936 to 2939, 2941 or 3501 to 3504; (c) mastics of asphalt or other bituminous mastics (heading 2715). 2. Heading 3204 includes mixtures of stabilised diazonium salts and couplers for the production of azo dyes. 3. Headings 3203, 3204, 3205 and 3206 apply also to preparations based on colouring matter (including in the case of heading 3206, colouring pigments of heading 2530 or Chapter 28, metal flakes and metal powders), of a kind used for colouring any material or used as ingredients in the manufacture of colouring preparations. The headings do not apply, however, to pigments dispersed in non-aqueous media, in liquid or paste form, of a kind used in the manufacture of paints, including enamels (heading 3212), or to other preparations of headings 3207, 3208, 3209, 3210, 3212, 3213 or 3215.

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

Colour lakes; preparations as specified in Note 3 to this Chapter based on colour lakes.

CTH

tariff_shift

Colour lakes; preparations as specified in Note 3 to this Chapter based on colour lakes.

CTH

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primar y rules and the other

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Colour lakes; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on colour lakes (3205000000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Colour lakes; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on colour lakes is 6.500 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Colour lakes; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on colour lakes (3205000000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Colour lakes; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on colour lakes (3205000000)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Colour lakes; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on colour lakes (3205000000)?

4 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

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Hierarchy

06Section VI — PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES

3200000000TANNING OR DYEING EXTRACTS; TANNINS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES; DYES, PIGMENTS AND OTHER COLOURING MATTER; PAINTS AND VARNISHES; PUTTY AND OTHER MASTICS; INKS

3 other codes

3205000000Colour lakes; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on colour lakes

9 other codes

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty6.500 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

6.500 %

Footnotes

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-6.5 pp	-6.5 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-6.5 pp	-6.5 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-6.5 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-6.5 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-6.5 ppESA Interim EPA	-6.5 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-6.5 ppSADC EPA	-6.5 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-6.5 pp	-6.5 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-6.5 ppEverything But Arms	-6.5 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-6.5 ppEEA Agreement	-6.5 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Airworthiness tariff suspension(1)

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 1517/182018-11-01

1 certificate(s) required

C119Other certificates

Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate

Measure not applicable

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 3200000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Import control(2)

inherited from 3200000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -waste(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1157/242026-05-21

6 certificate(s) required

C672Other certificates

Information document accompanying shipments of waste as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 18 and Annex VII

C669Other certificates

Notification document as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 - Article 5 and Annex IA

Y923Particular provisions

Product not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

C672Other certificates

Information document accompanying shipments of waste as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 18 and Annex VII

C670Other certificates

Movement document as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 5 and Annex IB

Y923Particular provisions

Product not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

Import/export not allowed after control

CD572The wastes mentioned in Article 4 (paragraphs 1 and 2) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 shall be subject to the procedure of prior written notification and consent.

Start date: 1972-01-01

Trade Statistics

Associated BTIs

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 32 — Tanning or dyeing extracts; Tannins and their derivatives; Dyes, pigments and other colouring matter; Paints and varnishes; Putty and other mastics; Inks

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

Colour lakes; preparations as specified in Note 3 to this Chapter based on colour lakes.

CTH

tariff_shift

Colour lakes; preparations as specified in Note 3 to this Chapter based on colour lakes.

CTH

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primar y rules and the other

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Colour lakes; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on colour lakes (3205000000)?

Are there tariff preferences for Colour lakes; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on colour lakes (3205000000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Colour lakes; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on colour lakes (3205000000)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Colour lakes; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on colour lakes (3205000000)?

4 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

1. (A) Products (other than radioactive ores) answering to a description in heading 2844 or 2845 are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. (B) Subject to paragraph (A) above, products answering to a description in heading 2843, 2846 or 2852 are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of this Section. 2. Subject to Note 1 above, products classifiable in heading 3004, 3005, 3006, 3212, 3303, 3304, 3305, 3306, 3307, 3506, 3707 or 3808 by reason of being put up in measured doses or for retail sale are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. 3. Goods put up in sets consisting of two or more separate constituents, some or all of which fall in this Section and are intended to be mixed together to obtain a product of Section VI or VII, are to be classified in the heading appropriate to that product, provided that the constituents are: (a) having regard to the manner in which they are put up, clearly identifiable as being intended for use together without first being repacked; (b) presented together; and (c) identifiable, whether by their nature or by the relative proportions in which they are present, as being complementary one to another.

Non-preferential origin rules for Colour lakes; preparations as specified in note|3|to this chapter based on colour lakes are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€32.50/kg

Export €/kg

€8.66/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,925

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€51.8M	1.1Mt	€46.96/kg	39.3%
2	🇵🇪 Peru	€39.1M	222Kt	€175.61/kg	29.6%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€26.9M	1.5Mt	€17.75/kg	20.4%
4	🇮🇳 India	€12.4M	752Kt	€16.52/kg	9.4%
5	🇲🇽 Mexico	€1.7M	61Kt	€28.29/kg	1.3%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇹🇷 Turkey	€7.5M	1.0Mt	€7.24/kg	38.4%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€3.9M	308Kt	€12.67/kg	19.8%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€3.1M	176Kt	€17.84/kg	15.9%
4	🇨🇳 China	€2.7M	123Kt	€22.32/kg	13.9%
5	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€1.5M	812Kt	€1.80/kg	7.4%
6	🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates	€871K	64Kt	€13.70/kg	4.4%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€32.50/kg

Export €/kg

€8.66/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,925

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€51.8M	1.1Mt	€46.96/kg	39.3%
2	🇵🇪 Peru	€39.1M	222Kt	€175.61/kg	29.6%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€26.9M	1.5Mt	€17.75/kg	20.4%
4	🇮🇳 India	€12.4M	752Kt	€16.52/kg	9.4%
5	🇲🇽 Mexico	€1.7M	61Kt	€28.29/kg	1.3%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇹🇷 Turkey	€7.5M	1.0Mt	€7.24/kg	38.4%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€3.9M	308Kt	€12.67/kg	19.8%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€3.1M	176Kt	€17.84/kg	15.9%
4	🇨🇳 China	€2.7M	123Kt	€22.32/kg	13.9%
5	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€1.5M	812Kt	€1.80/kg	7.4%
6	🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates	€871K	64Kt	€13.70/kg	4.4%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis