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32Chapter

14Heading

10Subheading

10CN

00TARIC

Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics

PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES > TANNING OR DYEING EXTRACTS; TANNINS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES; DYES, PIGMENTS AND OTHER COLOURING MATTER; PAINTS AND VARNISHES; PUTTY AND OTHER MASTICS; INKS > Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics; painters' fillings; non-refractory surfacing preparations for façades, indoor walls, floors, ceilings or the like > Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics; painters' fillings > Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics

Hierarchy

06Section VI — PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES

3200000000TANNING OR DYEING EXTRACTS; TANNINS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES; DYES, PIGMENTS AND OTHER COLOURING MATTER; PAINTS AND VARNISHES; PUTTY AND OTHER MASTICS; INKS

3214000000Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics; painters' fillings; non-refractory surfacing preparations for façades, indoor walls, floors, ceilings or the like

3214100000Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics; painters' fillings

3214101000Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics

3214109000Painters' fillings

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty5.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

5.000 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-5.0 pp	-5.0 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-5.0 pp	-5.0 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-5.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-5.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-5.0 ppESA Interim EPA	-5.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-5.0 ppSADC EPA	-5.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-5.0 pp	-5.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-5.0 ppEverything But Arms	-5.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-5.0 ppEEA Agreement	-5.0 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Airworthiness tariff suspension(1)

inherited from 3214000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 1517/182018-11-01

1 certificate(s) required

C119Other certificates

Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate

Measure not applicable

CD333The autonomous Common Customs Tariff duties laid down in Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 for parts, components and other goods of a kind to be incorporated in or used for aircraft and parts thereof in the course of their manufacture, repair, maintenance, rebuilding, modification or conversion is suspended. In order to benefit from the suspension, the declarant shall present to the customs authorities an Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1, as set out in Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, or an equivalent certificate. The certificates which are deemed to be equivalent to Authorised Release Certificates are listed in Annex II to the Regulation (EU) 2018/1517.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 3200000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 3214000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

EU003According to The Special Provisions of Section II (A) (3) of the Preliminary Provisions of the Combined Nomenclature the suspension of customs duties for goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms shall be subject to conditions laid down in the relevant provisions of the European Union with a view to customs control of the use of such goods.

TM5101. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of goods intended for incorporation in the ships, boats or other vessels classified at the following CN codes 8901 10 10; 8901 20 10; 8901 30 10; 8901 90 10; 8902 00 10; 8903 91 10; 8903 92 10; 8904 00 10; 8904 00 91; 8905 10 10; 8905 90 10; 8906 10 00; 8906 90 10 for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for fitting to or equipping such ships, boats or other vessels. 2. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of: (a) goods intended for incorporation in drilling or production platforms: (1) fixed, of subheading ex 8430 49, operating in or outside the territorial sea of Member States, or (2) floating or submersible, of subheading 8905 20, for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for equipping the said platforms. (b) tubes, pipes, cables and their connection pieces, linking these drilling or production platforms to the mainland.

Import control(2)

inherited from 3200000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -fluorinated greenhouse gases(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0573/242025-06-25

2 certificate(s) required

Y160Particular provisions

Goods other than those falling under the applicable provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y169Particular provisions

Products and equipment, including parts (excluding military and repair exemption) listed in Annex IV containing F-gases or relies upon F-gases not subject to prohibition as imposed by Article 11.1. (Reg 2024/573).

Import/export not allowed after control

CD917By virtue of Article 4(6) of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of fluorinated greenhouse gases shall be prohibited, unless importers provide evidence that any trifluoromethane, produced as a by-product during the production process of the fluorinated greenhouse gases has been destroyed or recovered for subsequent use, using best available techniques. By virtue of Article 11.1. of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of products and equipment, including parts thereof, listed in Annex IV, with an exemption for military equipment, shall be prohibited from the date specified in that Annex. By virtue of Article 11.1 sub paragraph 2 (a)(b), (c) of Regulation (I) 2024/573, the placing on the market of parts of products and equipment required for repair and servicing of existing equipment listed in Annex IV shall be allowed. By virtue of Article 11.3. of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of non-refillable containers for fluorinated greenhouse gases listed in Annex I and in Section 1 of Annex II, empty, or fully or partially filled, shall be prohibited. By virtue of Article 11.4 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, undertakings which place on the market refillable containers for fluorinated greenhouse gases shall produce a declaration of conformity that includes evidence confirming that there are binding arrangements in place for the return of those containers for the purpose of refilling, in particular identifying the relevant actors, their obligatory commitments and the relevant logistical arrangements. By virtue of Article 12 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the following products and equipment that contain fluorinated greenhouse gases or whose functioning relies upon those gases shall only be placed on the market if they are labelled as: (a) refrigeration equipment ; (b) air-conditioning equipment ; (c) heat pumps ; (d) fire protection equipment ; (e) electrical switchgear ; (f) aerosol dispenser that contain fluorinated greenhouse gases, including metered dose inhalers; (g) all fluorinated greenhouse gas containers ; (h) fluorinated greenhouse gas-based solvents ; or (i) organic Rankine cycles. By virtue of Article 16 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of hydrofluorocarbons shall be allowed only to the extent that importers have been allocated quota by the Commission as set out in Article 17. By virtue of Article 19.1 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, heat pumps and metered dose inhalers pre-charged with substances listed in Section 1 of Annex I shall not be placed on the market unless those substances with which the products or equipment have been pre-charged are accounted for within the quota system. By virtue of Article 19.2 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of goods falling under the provisions of Article 19.1 shall be subject to the presentation of a declaration of conformity. By virtue of Article 19.6 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, undertakings that placed on the market less than 10 tonnes of CO2 equivalent of hydrofluorocarbons, per year, contained in the products or equipment referred to in Article 19.1 shall be exempted from the provisions of Article 19. By virtue of Article 20.4 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the undertakings shall have a valid registration in the F-gas Portal prior to carrying out any of the activities listed in points (a) to (g). By virtue of Article 23.3 (a) of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the F-gas Portal registration identification number shall be declared. The information listed in Article 23.3(a) to (d) of Regulation (EU) 2024/573 shall be provided to customs authorities, where relevant, in the customs declaration.

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(1)

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU445Goods 1A001a from the dual use list.

Start date: 1972-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

3214109000: Painters' filling

Classification tips

Glaziers' putty, resin cement, caulking compound or other mastic

Typical uses

Caulking, sealing or glazing

Sample products

Glaziers' putty

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 32 — Tanning or dyeing extracts; Tannins and their derivatives; Dyes, pigments and other colouring matter; Paints and varnishes; Putty and other mastics; Inks

1. This chapter does not cover: (a) separate chemically defined elements or compounds (except those of heading 3203 or 3204, inorganic products of a kind used as luminophores (heading 3206), glass obtained from fused quartz or other fused silica in the forms provided for in heading 3207, and also dyes and other colouring matter put up in forms or packings for retail sale, of heading 3212); (b) tannates or other tannin derivatives of products of headings 2936 to 2939, 2941 or 3501 to 3504; (c) mastics of asphalt or other bituminous mastics (heading 2715). 2. Heading 3204 includes mixtures of stabilised diazonium salts and couplers for the production of azo dyes. 3. Headings 3203, 3204, 3205 and 3206 apply also to preparations based on colouring matter (including in the case of heading 3206, colouring pigments of heading 2530 or Chapter 28, metal flakes and metal powders), of a kind used for colouring any material or used as ingredients in the manufacture of colouring preparations. The headings do not apply, however, to pigments dispersed in non-aqueous media, in liquid or paste form, of a kind used in the manufacture of paints, including enamels (heading 3212), or to other preparations of headings 3207, 3208, 3209, 3210, 3212, 3213 or 3215.

Non-preferential origin

specific

Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics; painters' fillings; non-refractory surfacing preparations for façades, indoor walls, floors, ceilings or the like.

CTH, except from subheading 3824 50

tariff_shift

CTH, except from subheading 3824 50

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primar y rules and the other

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics (3214101000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics is 5.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics (3214101000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics (3214101000)?

Yes, 4 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics (3214101000)?

158 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

06Section VI — PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES

3200000000TANNING OR DYEING EXTRACTS; TANNINS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES; DYES, PIGMENTS AND OTHER COLOURING MATTER; PAINTS AND VARNISHES; PUTTY AND OTHER MASTICS; INKS

3214100000Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics; painters' fillings

3214101000Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics

3214109000Painters' fillings

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty5.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

5.000 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-5.0 pp	-5.0 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-5.0 pp	-5.0 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-5.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-5.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-5.0 ppESA Interim EPA	-5.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-5.0 ppSADC EPA	-5.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-5.0 pp	-5.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-5.0 ppEverything But Arms	-5.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-5.0 ppEEA Agreement	-5.0 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Airworthiness tariff suspension(1)

inherited from 3214000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 1517/182018-11-01

1 certificate(s) required

C119Other certificates

Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate

Measure not applicable

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 3200000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 3214000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

Import control(2)

inherited from 3200000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -fluorinated greenhouse gases(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0573/242025-06-25

2 certificate(s) required

Y160Particular provisions

Goods other than those falling under the applicable provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y169Particular provisions

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(1)

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU445Goods 1A001a from the dual use list.

Start date: 1972-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

3214109000: Painters' filling

Classification tips

Glaziers' putty, resin cement, caulking compound or other mastic

Typical uses

Caulking, sealing or glazing

Sample products

Glaziers' putty

Associated BTIs

See all BTIs (158)

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 32 — Tanning or dyeing extracts; Tannins and their derivatives; Dyes, pigments and other colouring matter; Paints and varnishes; Putty and other mastics; Inks

Non-preferential origin

specific

CTH, except from subheading 3824 50

tariff_shift

CTH, except from subheading 3824 50

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primar y rules and the other

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics (3214101000)?

Are there tariff preferences for Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics (3214101000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics (3214101000)?

Yes, 4 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics (3214101000)?

158 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

1. (A) Products (other than radioactive ores) answering to a description in heading 2844 or 2845 are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. (B) Subject to paragraph (A) above, products answering to a description in heading 2843, 2846 or 2852 are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of this Section. 2. Subject to Note 1 above, products classifiable in heading 3004, 3005, 3006, 3212, 3303, 3304, 3305, 3306, 3307, 3506, 3707 or 3808 by reason of being put up in measured doses or for retail sale are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. 3. Goods put up in sets consisting of two or more separate constituents, some or all of which fall in this Section and are intended to be mixed together to obtain a product of Section VI or VII, are to be classified in the heading appropriate to that product, provided that the constituents are: (a) having regard to the manner in which they are put up, clearly identifiable as being intended for use together without first being repacked; (b) presented together; and (c) identifiable, whether by their nature or by the relative proportions in which they are present, as being complementary one to another.

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics (3214101000)?

Non-preferential origin rules for Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements, caulking compounds and other mastics are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€4.19/kg

Export €/kg

€4.85/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,146

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€719.5M	196.6Mt	€3.66/kg	46.6%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€386.5M	63.5Mt	€6.09/kg	25.0%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€234.9M	18.1Mt	€12.99/kg	15.2%
4	🇹🇷 Turkey	€158.4M	73.8Mt	€2.15/kg	10.3%
5	🇨🇳 China	€43.9M	9.4Mt	€4.64/kg	2.8%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€1.1B	240.5Mt	€4.47/kg	33.1%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€1.0B	146.3Mt	€6.87/kg	30.9%
3	🇹🇷 Turkey	€626.1M	175.4Mt	€3.57/kg	19.3%
4	🇨🇳 China	€309.3M	40.6Mt	€7.61/kg	9.5%
5	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€235.6M	41.1Mt	€5.73/kg	7.2%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€4.19/kg

Export €/kg

€4.85/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,146

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€719.5M	196.6Mt	€3.66/kg	46.6%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€386.5M	63.5Mt	€6.09/kg	25.0%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€234.9M	18.1Mt	€12.99/kg	15.2%
4	🇹🇷 Turkey	€158.4M	73.8Mt	€2.15/kg	10.3%
5	🇨🇳 China	€43.9M	9.4Mt	€4.64/kg	2.8%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€1.1B	240.5Mt	€4.47/kg	33.1%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€1.0B	146.3Mt	€6.87/kg	30.9%
3	🇹🇷 Turkey	€626.1M	175.4Mt	€3.57/kg	19.3%
4	🇨🇳 China	€309.3M	40.6Mt	€7.61/kg	9.5%
5	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€235.6M	41.1Mt	€5.73/kg	7.2%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis