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34Chapter

03Heading

11Subheading

00CN

00TARIC

Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials

PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES > SOAP, ORGANIC SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS, WASHING PREPARATIONS, LUBRICATING PREPARATIONS, ARTIFICIAL WAXES, PREPARED WAXES, POLISHING OR SCOURING PREPARATIONS, CANDLES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, MODELLING PASTES, 'DENTAL WAXES' AND DENTAL PREPARATIONS WITH A BASIS OF PLASTER > Lubricating preparations (including cutting-oil preparations, bolt or nut release preparations, anti-rust or anti-corrosion preparations and mould-release preparations, based on lubricants) and preparations of a kind used for the oil or grease treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials, but excluding preparations containing, as basic constituents, 70|% or more by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals > Containing petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals > Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials

Hierarchy

06Section VI — PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES

3400000000SOAP, ORGANIC SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS, WASHING PREPARATIONS, LUBRICATING PREPARATIONS, ARTIFICIAL WAXES, PREPARED WAXES, POLISHING OR SCOURING PREPARATIONS, CANDLES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, MODELLING PASTES, 'DENTAL WAXES' AND DENTAL PREPARATIONS WITH A BASIS OF PLASTER

3403000000Lubricating preparations (including cutting-oil preparations, bolt or nut release preparations, anti-rust or anti-corrosion preparations and mould-release preparations, based on lubricants) and preparations of a kind used for the oil or grease treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials, but excluding preparations containing, as basic constituents, 70|% or more by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals

3403110000Containing petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals

3403110000Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials

3403190000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty4.600 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

4.600 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-4.6 pp	-4.6 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-4.6 pp	-4.6 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-4.6 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-4.6 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-4.6 ppESA Interim EPA	-4.6 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-4.6 ppSADC EPA	-4.6 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-4.6 pp	-4.6 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-4.6 ppEverything But Arms	-4.6 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-4.6 ppEEA Agreement	-4.6 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 3400000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Import control(2)

inherited from 3400000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -ozone-depleting substances(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0590/242024-03-11

8 certificate(s) required

L100Import certificate/licence

Import licence "controlled substances" (ozone), issued by the Commission

Y793Particular provisions

Products and equipment containing ozone-depleting substances or whose functioning relies upon those substances, imported/exported as personal effects (Article 5(2) Regulation (EU) 2024/590)

Y792Particular provisions

Substances, products, equipment, other than those falling within the scope of Regulation (EU) 2024/590

Y791Particular provisions

Exemption from prohibition for ozone-depleting substances to be used for essential laboratory and analytical uses (articles 8, 13.1(c) (import) and article 14.1(a) (export) of regulation (EU) 2024/590), and for products and equipment (articles 11.1 and 13.1(j) (import) and 14.1(g) (export) of regulation (EU) 2024/590)

Y789Particular provisions

Exemption from prohibition for products and equipment containing halons or whose functioning relies upon halons (see articles 13.1(h) (import) and 14.1(f) (export) of Regulation (EU) 2024/590)

Y790Particular provisions

Exemption from prohibition for ozone-depleting substances destined to destruction or reclamation (see articles 12, 13.1(d), 13.1(e) (import) of Regulation (EU) 2024/590), and for products and equipment (see articles 12, 13.1(i) (import) of Regulation (EU) 2024/590)

Y793Particular provisions

Products and equipment containing ozone-depleting substances or whose functioning relies upon those substances, imported/exported as personal effects (Article 5(2) Regulation (EU) 2024/590)

Y792Particular provisions

Substances, products, equipment, other than those falling within the scope of Regulation (EU) 2024/590

Entry into free circulation not allowed

Import/export not allowed after control

CD911The placing on the market and import of ozone-depleting substances, products and equipment containing ozone-depleting substances listed in Annex I or whose functioning relies upon those substances shall be prohibited. (Articles 4 and 5 of regulation (EU) 2024/590) By virtue of Article 13 of Regulation (EU) 2024/590, the following imports are allowed: (a) ozone-depleting substances to be used as feedstock in accordance with Article 6; (b) ozone-depleting substances to be used as process agents in accordance with Article 7; (c) ozone-depleting substances to be used for essential laboratory and analytical uses in accordance with Article 8; (d) ozone-depleting substances for destruction by technology as referred to in Article 20(6); (e) ozone-depleting substances for reclamation as referred to in Article 12; (f) methyl bromide for emergency use in accordance with Article 10; (g) recovered, recycled or reclaimed halons, under the condition that they are only imported for critical uses referred to in Article 9(1), by undertakings authorised by the competent authority of the Member State concerned to store halons for critical uses; (h) products and equipment containing halons or whose functioning relies upon halons, for the purposes of critical uses referred to in Article 9(1); (i) products and equipment containing ozone-depleting substances, or whose functioning relies upon those substances, for destruction, where applicable by technology as referred to in Article 20(6); (j) products and equipment containing ozone-depleting substances or whose functioning relies upon those substances, for the purposes of essential laboratory and analytical uses as referred to in Article 8. The imports falling under the above exemptions shall be subject to the presentation of a valid licence to customs authorities issued by the Commission pursuant to Article 16. According to article 15.1 of Regulation (EU) 2024/590, import of non-refillable containers for ozone-depleting substances, empty, or fully or partially filled, shall be prohibited, except for essential laboratory and analytical uses as referred to in Article 8. Undertakings which place on the market refillable containers for ozone-depleting substances shall produce a declaration of conformity that includes evidence confirming that there are binding arrangements in place for the return of those containers for the purpose of refilling. (Article 15.3 subparagraph (1) of Regulation (EU) 2024/590).

CD912Each importer, undertaking or operator that imports ozone-depleting substances, products and equipment containing ozone-depleting substances listed in Annex I or whose functioning relies upon those substances shall provide to customs authorities the licensing system registration identification number and the number of the licence pursuant to Article 13(2) and Article 14(3).

CD913By virtue of Article 17.3 (c) and (d), when importing goods, the following information shall be declared: - net mass of ozone-depleting substance(s), also when included in products and equipment. - net mass multiplied by the ODP of the ozone-depleting substance(s), also when included in products and equipment.

Import prohibition(1)

North Korea

—Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

TM398Goods from the Annex VI of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509 (Petroleum products)

Start date: 1972-01-01

Description & Classification

Typical uses

Treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials

Sample products

Textile oiling preparation, containing petroleum oilsLeather oiling preparation, containing petroleum oils

Synonyms

Textile sizing lubricant, Leather oiling preparation, Leather greasing preparation

Materials

Regulatory notes

NENC3403Lubricating preparations (including cutting-oil preparations, bolt- or nut-release preparations, anti-rust or anti-corrosion preparations and mould-release preparations, based on lubricants) and preparations of a kind used for the oil or grease treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials, but excluding preparations containing, as basic constituents, 70 % or more by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals

Chapter noteChapter 34 — Soap, organic surface-active agents, washing preparations, lubricating preparations, artificial waxes, prepared waxes, polishing or scouring preparations, candles and similar articles, modelling pastes, 'dental waxes' and dental preparations with a basis of plaster

Non-preferential origin

specific

Lubricating preparations

CTH

tariff_shift

Lubricating preparations (including cutting-oil preparations, bolt or nut release preparations, anti-rust or anti- corrosion preparations and mould release preparations, based on lubricants) and preparations of a kind used for the oil or grease treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials, but excluding preparations containing, as basic constituents, 70 % or more by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals.

CTH

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials (3403110000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials is 4.600 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials (3403110000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials (3403110000)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials (3403110000)?

2 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

06Section VI — PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES

3403110000Containing petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous minerals

3403110000Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials

3403190000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty4.600 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

4.600 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-4.6 pp	-4.6 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-4.6 pp	-4.6 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-4.6 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-4.6 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-4.6 ppESA Interim EPA	-4.6 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-4.6 ppSADC EPA	-4.6 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-4.6 pp	-4.6 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-4.6 ppEverything But Arms	-4.6 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-4.6 ppEEA Agreement	-4.6 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 3400000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Import control(2)

inherited from 3400000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -ozone-depleting substances(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0590/242024-03-11

8 certificate(s) required

L100Import certificate/licence

Import licence "controlled substances" (ozone), issued by the Commission

Y793Particular provisions

Products and equipment containing ozone-depleting substances or whose functioning relies upon those substances, imported/exported as personal effects (Article 5(2) Regulation (EU) 2024/590)

Y792Particular provisions

Substances, products, equipment, other than those falling within the scope of Regulation (EU) 2024/590

Y791Particular provisions

Y789Particular provisions

Exemption from prohibition for products and equipment containing halons or whose functioning relies upon halons (see articles 13.1(h) (import) and 14.1(f) (export) of Regulation (EU) 2024/590)

Y790Particular provisions

Y793Particular provisions

Products and equipment containing ozone-depleting substances or whose functioning relies upon those substances, imported/exported as personal effects (Article 5(2) Regulation (EU) 2024/590)

Y792Particular provisions

Substances, products, equipment, other than those falling within the scope of Regulation (EU) 2024/590

Entry into free circulation not allowed

Import/export not allowed after control

Import prohibition(1)

North Korea

—Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

TM398Goods from the Annex VI of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509 (Petroleum products)

Start date: 1972-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Typical uses

Treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials

Sample products

Textile oiling preparation, containing petroleum oilsLeather oiling preparation, containing petroleum oils

Synonyms

Textile sizing lubricant, Leather oiling preparation, Leather greasing preparation

Materials

Associated BTIs

Regulatory notes

Non-preferential origin

specific

Lubricating preparations

CTH

tariff_shift

CTH

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials (3403110000)?

Are there tariff preferences for Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials (3403110000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials (3403110000)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials (3403110000)?

2 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

1. This chapter does not cover: (a) edible mixtures or preparations of animal or vegetable fats or oils of a kind used as mould-release preparations (heading 1517); (b) separate chemically defined compounds; (c) shampoos, dentifrices, shaving creams and foams, or bath preparations, containing soap or other organic surface-active agents (heading 3305, 3306 or 3307). 2. For the purposes of heading 3401, the expression 'soap' applies only to soap soluble in water. Soap and the other products of heading 3401 may contain added substances (for example, disinfectants, abrasive powders, fillers or medicaments). Products containing abrasive powders remain classified in heading 3401 only if in the form of bars, cakes, moulded pieces or shapes. In other forms, they are to be classified in heading 3405 as 'scouring powders and similar preparations'. 3. For the purposes of heading 3402, 'organic surface-active agents' are products which when mixed with water at a concentration of 0.5% at 20 degrees Celsius, and left to stand for one hour at the same temperature: (a) give a transparent or translucent liquid or a stable emulsion without separation of insoluble matter; and (b) reduce the surface tension of water to 4.5 x 10-2 N/m (45 dyn/cm) or less.

Section noteNotes to Section VI — Products of the chemical or allied industries

1. (A) Products (other than radioactive ores) answering to a description in heading 2844 or 2845 are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. (B) Subject to paragraph (A) above, products answering to a description in heading 2843, 2846 or 2852 are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of this Section. 2. Subject to Note 1 above, products classifiable in heading 3004, 3005, 3006, 3212, 3303, 3304, 3305, 3306, 3307, 3506, 3707 or 3808 by reason of being put up in measured doses or for retail sale are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. 3. Goods put up in sets consisting of two or more separate constituents, some or all of which fall in this Section and are intended to be mixed together to obtain a product of Section VI or VII, are to be classified in the heading appropriate to that product, provided that the constituents are: (a) having regard to the manner in which they are put up, clearly identifiable as being intended for use together without first being repacked; (b) presented together; and (c) identifiable, whether by their nature or by the relative proportions in which they are present, as being complementary one to another.

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials (3403110000)?

Non-preferential origin rules for Preparations for the treatment of textile materials, leather, furskins or other materials are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€3.05/kg

Export €/kg

€2.19/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,882

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€6.4M	1.6Mt	€3.97/kg	58.7%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€1.6M	418Kt	€3.82/kg	14.7%
3	🇽🇸 XS	€1.1M	1.2Mt	€0.8969/kg	10.1%
4	🇳🇴 Norway	€932K	104Kt	€8.93/kg	8.6%
5	🇰🇷 South Korea	€631K	204Kt	€3.10/kg	5.8%
6	🇹🇷 Turkey	€217K	89Kt	€2.46/kg	2.0%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€242.5M	109.2Mt	€2.22/kg	54.8%
2	🇮🇳 India	€113.2M	55.0Mt	€2.06/kg	25.6%
3	🇧🇷 Brazil	€43.3M	19.7Mt	€2.19/kg	9.8%
4	🇹🇷 Turkey	€25.1M	11.4Mt	€2.20/kg	5.7%
5	🇵🇰 Pakistan	€18.7M	10.4Mt	€1.80/kg	4.2%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€3.05/kg

Export €/kg

€2.19/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,882

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€6.4M	1.6Mt	€3.97/kg	58.7%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€1.6M	418Kt	€3.82/kg	14.7%
3	🇽🇸 XS	€1.1M	1.2Mt	€0.8969/kg	10.1%
4	🇳🇴 Norway	€932K	104Kt	€8.93/kg	8.6%
5	🇰🇷 South Korea	€631K	204Kt	€3.10/kg	5.8%
6	🇹🇷 Turkey	€217K	89Kt	€2.46/kg	2.0%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€242.5M	109.2Mt	€2.22/kg	54.8%
2	🇮🇳 India	€113.2M	55.0Mt	€2.06/kg	25.6%
3	🇧🇷 Brazil	€43.3M	19.7Mt	€2.19/kg	9.8%
4	🇹🇷 Turkey	€25.1M	11.4Mt	€2.20/kg	5.7%
5	🇵🇰 Pakistan	€18.7M	10.4Mt	€1.80/kg	4.2%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis