Hierarchy

06Section VI — PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES

3500000000ALBUMINOIDAL SUBSTANCES; MODIFIED STARCHES; GLUES; ENZYMES

3505000000Dextrins and other modified starches (for example, pregelatinised or esterified starches); glues based on starches, or on dextrins or other modified starches

3505100000Dextrins and other modified starches

3505105000Other modified starches

3505105000Starches, esterified or etherified

3505109000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty9.000 % + 17.700 EUR DTN

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

9.000 % + 17.700 EUR DTN

Preferential rates(49)

+39

Preferential rates - 49 Origin
Origin	Rate	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-9.0 pp	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	—	1
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-9.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-9.0 ppESA Interim EPA	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-9.0 ppSADC EPA	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-9.0 pp	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-9.0 ppEverything But Arms	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 % + 14.330 EUR DTN-9.0 ppEEA Agreement	0.000 % + 14.330 EUR DTN	-9.0 pp	EEA Agreement	1
European Economic Area - Iceland2014 0.000 %-9.0 pp	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	—	1

Additional duties(3)

inherited from 3505000000

ERGA OMNES

50.000 %1Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

Except:RU(Russia)BY(Belarus)

1 certificate(s) required

Y155Particular provisions50.000 %

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Belarus

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Russia

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 3500000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Preferential tariff quota(5)

Mercosur5500

0.000 %2Regulation 1988/202026-05-01

2 certificate(s) required

U126Proof of origin

Statement on origin (Article 3.16 of the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement)

C130Other certificates

Mercosur Quota Authorization Certificate

Measure not applicable

CD01043Article 3.30 of the Agreement on tariff rate quotas specifies that products exported under tariff rate quotas granted by the European Union shall be accompanied by an official document called ‘Mercosur Quota Authorization Certificate’ and issued by the Signatory Mercosur States, the model of which can be found here https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202600874.

Chile

0.000 %Regulation 0184/252026-01-01

EU-Chile Association Agreement(since 2003)

Ukraine

0.000 %Regulation 1988/202026-01-01

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

United States

0.000 %1Regulation 1455/262026-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

U190Proof of origin

Proof of origin established in accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EU) No 1455/2026

Measure not applicable

CD01100For the purposes of this Regulation, the origin of goods shall be determined in accordance with the rules on non-preferential origin as referred to in Title II, Chapter 2, Section 1 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013, until rules on preferential origin as referred to in Article 64(2) or (3) of that Regulation have been adopted.

Vietnam

0.000 %Regulation 1024/202026-01-01

EU-Vietnam FTA (EVFTA)(since 2020)

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 3505000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

EU003According to The Special Provisions of Section II (A) (3) of the Preliminary Provisions of the Combined Nomenclature the suspension of customs duties for goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms shall be subject to conditions laid down in the relevant provisions of the European Union with a view to customs control of the use of such goods.

TM5101. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of goods intended for incorporation in the ships, boats or other vessels classified at the following CN codes 8901 10 10; 8901 20 10; 8901 30 10; 8901 90 10; 8902 00 10; 8903 91 10; 8903 92 10; 8904 00 10; 8904 00 91; 8905 10 10; 8905 90 10; 8906 10 00; 8906 90 10 for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for fitting to or equipping such ships, boats or other vessels. 2. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of: (a) goods intended for incorporation in drilling or production platforms: (1) fixed, of subheading ex 8430 49, operating in or outside the territorial sea of Member States, or (2) floating or submersible, of subheading 8905 20, for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for equipping the said platforms. (b) tubes, pipes, cables and their connection pieces, linking these drilling or production platforms to the mainland.

Import control(2)

inherited from 3500000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -waste(1)

inherited from 3505000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1157/242026-05-21

6 certificate(s) required

C672Other certificates

Information document accompanying shipments of waste as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 18 and Annex VII

C669Other certificates

Notification document as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 - Article 5 and Annex IA

Y923Particular provisions

Product not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

C672Other certificates

Information document accompanying shipments of waste as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 18 and Annex VII

C670Other certificates

Movement document as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 5 and Annex IB

Y923Particular provisions

Product not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

Import/export not allowed after control

CD572The wastes mentioned in Article 4 (paragraphs 1 and 2) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 shall be subject to the procedure of prior written notification and consent.

CD573The wastes mentioned in Article 4(paragraph 4) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 shall be subjected to the general information requirements laid down in Article 18 of the same Regulation, if the amount of waste shipped exceeds 20 kg.

CD574If the wastes listed in Annex III (green list) display certain hazardous characteristics, the relevant provisions shall apply as if these wastes had been listed in Annex IV (amber list). Article 4 (paragraph 2 letter e) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157.

CD577By way of derogation from Article 4(1) and (2), shipments of waste explicitly destined for laboratory aalysis or experimental treatment trials to assess either the physical or chemical characteristics of the waste or to determine its suitability for recovery or disposal shall be subject to the general information requirements laid down in Article 18 where all of the following conditions are fulfilled: (a) the quantity of waste does not exceed the quantity reasonably needed to perform the analysis or trial in each particular case, but not more than 250 kg or any larger quantity agreed on a case-by- case basis by the competent authorities of dispatch and destination and the person who arranges the shipment; (b) in the event a quantity higher than 250 kg is requested by the person who arranges the shipment, that person shall provide the information contained in Annex VII, to the extent possible, to the competent authorities of dispatch and destination together with the reasoned explanation why such a larger quantity is needed to perform the analysis or trial. Article 4 (paragraph 5) - Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

Start date: 1972-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

3505105000: The starch is esterified or etherified.

Classification tips

The modified starch is not described as esterified or etherified.

Sample products

Modified starch, not esterified or etherified

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 35 — Albuminoidal substances; Modified starches; Glues; Enzymes

1. This chapter does not cover: (a) yeast (heading 2102); (b) blood fractions (other than blood albumin not prepared for therapeutic or prophylactic uses), immunological products or medicaments (Chapter 30); (c) enzymatic preparations for pre-tanning (heading 3202). 2. For the purposes of heading 3505, the term 'dextrins' means starch degradation products with a reducing sugar content, expressed as dextrose on the dry substance, not exceeding 10%. Such products with a reducing sugar content exceeding 10% fall in heading 1702.

Section noteNotes to Section VI — Products of the chemical or allied industries

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

- Dextrins and other modified starches

CTH

tariff_shift

- Dextrins and other modified starches

CTH

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primar y rules and the other

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (3505109000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 9.000 % + 17.700 EUR DTN. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (3505109000)?

Yes, 46 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (3505109000)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (3505109000)?

26 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 3505109000?

TARIC code 3505109000 (Other) covers the following products: Modified starch, not esterified or etherified, Other modified starch.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

06Section VI — PRODUCTS OF THE CHEMICAL OR ALLIED INDUSTRIES

3500000000ALBUMINOIDAL SUBSTANCES; MODIFIED STARCHES; GLUES; ENZYMES

3505000000Dextrins and other modified starches (for example, pregelatinised or esterified starches); glues based on starches, or on dextrins or other modified starches

3505100000Dextrins and other modified starches

3505105000Other modified starches

3505105000Starches, esterified or etherified

3505109000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty9.000 % + 17.700 EUR DTN

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

9.000 % + 17.700 EUR DTN

Preferential rates(49)

+39

Preferential rates - 49 Origin
Origin	Rate	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-9.0 pp	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	—	1
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-9.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-9.0 ppESA Interim EPA	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-9.0 ppSADC EPA	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-9.0 pp	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-9.0 ppEverything But Arms	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 % + 14.330 EUR DTN-9.0 ppEEA Agreement	0.000 % + 14.330 EUR DTN	-9.0 pp	EEA Agreement	1
European Economic Area - Iceland2014 0.000 %-9.0 pp	0.000 %	-9.0 pp	—	1

Additional duties(3)

inherited from 3505000000

ERGA OMNES

50.000 %1Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

Except:RU(Russia)BY(Belarus)

1 certificate(s) required

Y155Particular provisions50.000 %

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Belarus

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Russia

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 3500000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Preferential tariff quota(5)

Mercosur5500

0.000 %2Regulation 1988/202026-05-01

2 certificate(s) required

U126Proof of origin

Statement on origin (Article 3.16 of the EU-Mercosur Interim Trade Agreement)

C130Other certificates

Mercosur Quota Authorization Certificate

Measure not applicable

Chile

0.000 %Regulation 0184/252026-01-01

EU-Chile Association Agreement(since 2003)

Ukraine

0.000 %Regulation 1988/202026-01-01

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

United States

0.000 %1Regulation 1455/262026-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

U190Proof of origin

Proof of origin established in accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EU) No 1455/2026

Measure not applicable

Vietnam

0.000 %Regulation 1024/202026-01-01

EU-Vietnam FTA (EVFTA)(since 2020)

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 3505000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

Import control(2)

inherited from 3500000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -waste(1)

inherited from 3505000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1157/242026-05-21

6 certificate(s) required

C672Other certificates

Information document accompanying shipments of waste as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 18 and Annex VII

C669Other certificates

Notification document as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 - Article 5 and Annex IA

Y923Particular provisions

Product not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

C672Other certificates

Information document accompanying shipments of waste as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 18 and Annex VII

C670Other certificates

Movement document as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 5 and Annex IB

Y923Particular provisions

Product not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

Import/export not allowed after control

CD572The wastes mentioned in Article 4 (paragraphs 1 and 2) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 shall be subject to the procedure of prior written notification and consent.

Start date: 1972-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

3505105000: The starch is esterified or etherified.

Classification tips

The modified starch is not described as esterified or etherified.

Sample products

Modified starch, not esterified or etherified

Associated BTIs

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 35 — Albuminoidal substances; Modified starches; Glues; Enzymes

Section noteNotes to Section VI — Products of the chemical or allied industries

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

- Dextrins and other modified starches

CTH

tariff_shift

- Dextrins and other modified starches

CTH

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primar y rules and the other

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (3505109000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 9.000 % + 17.700 EUR DTN. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (3505109000)?

Yes, 46 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (3505109000)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (3505109000)?

26 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 3505109000?

TARIC code 3505109000 (Other) covers the following products: Modified starch, not esterified or etherified, Other modified starch.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Synonyms

other modified starch, modified starch not esterified or etherified, modified starch

Materials

modified starch

1. (A) Products (other than radioactive ores) answering to a description in heading 2844 or 2845 are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. (B) Subject to paragraph (A) above, products answering to a description in heading 2843, 2846 or 2852 are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of this Section. 2. Subject to Note 1 above, products classifiable in heading 3004, 3005, 3006, 3212, 3303, 3304, 3305, 3306, 3307, 3506, 3707 or 3808 by reason of being put up in measured doses or for retail sale are to be classified in those headings and in no other heading of the Nomenclature. 3. Goods put up in sets consisting of two or more separate constituents, some or all of which fall in this Section and are intended to be mixed together to obtain a product of Section VI or VII, are to be classified in the heading appropriate to that product, provided that the constituents are: (a) having regard to the manner in which they are put up, clearly identifiable as being intended for use together without first being repacked; (b) presented together; and (c) identifiable, whether by their nature or by the relative proportions in which they are present, as being complementary one to another.

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Other (3505109000)?

Non-preferential origin rules for Other are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€2.55/kg

Export €/kg

€1.74/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,600

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€77.8M	19.5Mt	€4.00/kg	53.7%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€33.2M	8.0Mt	€4.13/kg	22.9%
3	🇽🇸 XS	€13.3M	18.7Mt	€0.7111/kg	9.2%
4	🇹🇭 Thailand	€12.3M	9.0Mt	€1.37/kg	8.5%
5	🇨🇳 China	€8.2M	1.4Mt	€5.72/kg	5.6%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€154.9M	98.6Mt	€1.57/kg	40.8%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€119.4M	50.5Mt	€2.37/kg	31.5%
3	🇹🇷 Turkey	€43.7M	25.4Mt	€1.72/kg	11.5%
4	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€34.3M	36.2Mt	€0.9482/kg	9.0%
5	🇩🇿 Algeria	€17.3M	8.9Mt	€1.95/kg	4.6%
6	🇨🇳 China	€9.9M	7.3Mt	€1.35/kg	2.6%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€2.55/kg

Export €/kg

€1.74/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,600

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€77.8M	19.5Mt	€4.00/kg	53.7%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€33.2M	8.0Mt	€4.13/kg	22.9%
3	🇽🇸 XS	€13.3M	18.7Mt	€0.7111/kg	9.2%
4	🇹🇭 Thailand	€12.3M	9.0Mt	€1.37/kg	8.5%
5	🇨🇳 China	€8.2M	1.4Mt	€5.72/kg	5.6%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€154.9M	98.6Mt	€1.57/kg	40.8%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€119.4M	50.5Mt	€2.37/kg	31.5%
3	🇹🇷 Turkey	€43.7M	25.4Mt	€1.72/kg	11.5%
4	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€34.3M	36.2Mt	€0.9482/kg	9.0%
5	🇩🇿 Algeria	€17.3M	8.9Mt	€1.95/kg	4.6%
6	🇨🇳 China	€9.9M	7.3Mt	€1.35/kg	2.6%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis