Hierarchy

08Section VIII — RAW HIDES AND SKINS, LEATHER, FURSKINS AND ARTICLES THEREOF

4200000000ARTICLES OF LEATHER; SADDLERY AND HARNESS; TRAVEL GOODS, HANDBAGS AND SIMILAR CONTAINERS; ARTICLES OF ANIMAL GUT (OTHER THAN SILKWORM GUT)

4203000000Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, of leather or of composition leather

4203210000Gloves, mittens and mitts

4203290000Other

4 other codes

4203291000Protective for all trades 4203299000Other 4203300010Hand-made 4203300090Other

4203400010Hand-made

4203400090Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty5.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

5.000 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-5.0 pp	-5.0 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-5.0 pp	-5.0 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-5.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-5.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-5.0 ppESA Interim EPA	-5.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-5.0 ppSADC EPA	-5.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-5.0 pp	-5.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-5.0 ppEverything But Arms	-5.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-5.0 ppEEA Agreement	-5.0 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 4200000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 4203400000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

EU003According to The Special Provisions of Section II (A) (3) of the Preliminary Provisions of the Combined Nomenclature the suspension of customs duties for goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms shall be subject to conditions laid down in the relevant provisions of the European Union with a view to customs control of the use of such goods.

TM5101. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of goods intended for incorporation in the ships, boats or other vessels classified at the following CN codes 8901 10 10; 8901 20 10; 8901 30 10; 8901 90 10; 8902 00 10; 8903 91 10; 8903 92 10; 8904 00 10; 8904 00 91; 8905 10 10; 8905 90 10; 8906 10 00; 8906 90 10 for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for fitting to or equipping such ships, boats or other vessels. 2. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of: (a) goods intended for incorporation in drilling or production platforms: (1) fixed, of subheading ex 8430 49, operating in or outside the territorial sea of Member States, or (2) floating or submersible, of subheading 8905 20, for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for equipping the said platforms. (b) tubes, pipes, cables and their connection pieces, linking these drilling or production platforms to the mainland.

Import control(2)

inherited from 4200000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -CITES(1)

inherited from 4203000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0966/232024-12-06

2 certificate(s) required

C400Other certificates

Presentation of the required "CITES" certificate

Y900Particular provisions

Declared goods do not belong to the Washington Convention (CITES)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD370If the product is mentioned in the list annexed to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 and its last amendments, an import authorization must be presented.

Import control -cat and dog fur(1)

inherited from 4203000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1523/072009-08-15

1 certificate(s) required

Y922Particular provisions

Other than cats and dogs fur as mentioned by Regulation (EC) No 1523/2007 (OJ L 343)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD568The placing on the market and the import to, or export from, the Community of cat and dog fur, and products containing such fur is prohibited (see Art. 3 Regulation (EC) No 1523/2007).

Import control -luxury goods(1)

inherited from 4203000000

North Korea

Regulation 2062/172018-02-01

3 certificate(s) required

Y945Particular provisions

Travellers' personal effects or goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y946Particular provisions

Goods necessary for the official purposes of diplomatic or consular missions of Member States in the DPRK or international organisations enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, or to the personal effects of their staff (Art 10.3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y948Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in Annex VIII (Luxury goods) of Reg. (EU) 2017/1509

Import/export not allowed after control

CD203The prohibition shall not apply to travellers' personal effects or to goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

CD223The prohibition shall not apply to goods which are necessary for the official purposes of diplomatic or consular missions of Member States in the DPRK or of international organisations enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, or to the personal effects of their staff (Art 10.3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509).

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

TM684Goods from the list of luxury goods referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509

Import control -seal products(1)

inherited from 4203000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1850/152015-10-18

4 certificate(s) required

C679Other certificates

Attesting Document (seal product), issued by a recognised body in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 737/2010 prior to 18 October 2015

C680Other certificates

Written notification of import and document giving evidence where the products were acquired (seal product)

C683Other certificates

European Union - Attesting document for seal products resulting from hunt by Inuit or other indigenous communities for placing on the Union's market in accordance with Article 3 (1) of Regulation (EC) No 1007/2009 on trade in seal products

Y032Particular provisions

Other goods than those seal products mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2015/1850 (OJ L 271)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD603Seal products may only be placed on the market when they are accompanied by an attesting document (for commercial use) or a written notification of import (for personal use) and a document giving evidence where the products were acquired (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1850 (OJ L 271)).

Import prohibition -torture goods(1)

inherited from 4203400000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0125/192019-02-20

Except:XL(XL)XC(XC)

2 certificate(s) required

C064Other certificates

Authorisation for export or import of goods that could be used for torture (Regulation (EU) 2019/125)

Y904Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the TR footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD990If the declared goods are described in the "TR" footnotes linked to the measure and they are not medical technical goods and they won't be used for the exclusive purpose of public display in a museum in view of their historic significance,export/import is prohibited (Regulation (EU) 2019/125 (OJ L 30).

TR016Thumb-cuffs, finger-cuffs, thumbscrews and finger-screws. This item includes both serrated and non-serrated cuffs and screws

TR017Bar fetters, weighted leg restraints and gang chains comprising bar fetters or weighted leg restraints. 1. Bar fetters are shackles or ankle rings fitted with a locking mechanism, linked by a rigid bar which is typically made of metal 2. This item includes bar fetters and weighted leg restraints which are linked to ordinary handcuffs by means of a chain

TR018Cuffs for restraining human beings, designed to be anchored to a wall, floor or ceiling

Start date: 1972-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

4203291000: designated as protective for all trades
4203400010: hand-made

Classification tips

other gloves, mitts or mittens
not designated as hand-made

Sample products

Leather gloves, other, not designated as protective for all trades

Regulatory notes

NENC42034000Other articles of leather, or of composition leather

Other clothing accessories This subheading includes braces, wristbands, neck ties and braces for tyrolean breeches. This subheading does not include shoelaces which are not regarded as clothing accessories and are classified in subheading 4205 00 90 . Wristbands constituting ‘imitation’ or costume jewellery (heading 7117 ) and watch straps (heading 9113 ) are also excluded from this subheading. 4205 00

NENC4203Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, of leather or of composition leather

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (4203400090)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 5.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (4203400090)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (4203400090)?

Yes, 6 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (4203400090)?

24 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 4203400090?

TARIC code 4203400090 (Other) covers the following products: Leather gloves, other, not designated as protective for all trades, Mittens of composition leather, other.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

08Section VIII — RAW HIDES AND SKINS, LEATHER, FURSKINS AND ARTICLES THEREOF

4200000000ARTICLES OF LEATHER; SADDLERY AND HARNESS; TRAVEL GOODS, HANDBAGS AND SIMILAR CONTAINERS; ARTICLES OF ANIMAL GUT (OTHER THAN SILKWORM GUT)

4203000000Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, of leather or of composition leather

4203210000Gloves, mittens and mitts

4203290000Other

4 other codes

4203291000Protective for all trades 4203299000Other 4203300010Hand-made 4203300090Other

4203400010Hand-made

4203400090Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty5.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

5.000 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-5.0 pp	-5.0 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-5.0 pp	-5.0 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-5.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-5.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-5.0 ppESA Interim EPA	-5.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-5.0 ppSADC EPA	-5.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-5.0 pp	-5.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-5.0 ppEverything But Arms	-5.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-5.0 ppEEA Agreement	-5.0 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 4200000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 4203400000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

Import control(2)

inherited from 4200000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -CITES(1)

inherited from 4203000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0966/232024-12-06

2 certificate(s) required

C400Other certificates

Presentation of the required "CITES" certificate

Y900Particular provisions

Declared goods do not belong to the Washington Convention (CITES)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD370If the product is mentioned in the list annexed to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 and its last amendments, an import authorization must be presented.

Import control -cat and dog fur(1)

inherited from 4203000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1523/072009-08-15

1 certificate(s) required

Y922Particular provisions

Other than cats and dogs fur as mentioned by Regulation (EC) No 1523/2007 (OJ L 343)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD568The placing on the market and the import to, or export from, the Community of cat and dog fur, and products containing such fur is prohibited (see Art. 3 Regulation (EC) No 1523/2007).

Import control -luxury goods(1)

inherited from 4203000000

North Korea

Regulation 2062/172018-02-01

3 certificate(s) required

Y945Particular provisions

Travellers' personal effects or goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y946Particular provisions

Y948Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in Annex VIII (Luxury goods) of Reg. (EU) 2017/1509

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

TM684Goods from the list of luxury goods referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509

Import control -seal products(1)

inherited from 4203000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1850/152015-10-18

4 certificate(s) required

C679Other certificates

Attesting Document (seal product), issued by a recognised body in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 737/2010 prior to 18 October 2015

C680Other certificates

Written notification of import and document giving evidence where the products were acquired (seal product)

C683Other certificates

Y032Particular provisions

Other goods than those seal products mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2015/1850 (OJ L 271)

Import/export not allowed after control

Import prohibition -torture goods(1)

inherited from 4203400000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0125/192019-02-20

Except:XL(XL)XC(XC)

2 certificate(s) required

C064Other certificates

Authorisation for export or import of goods that could be used for torture (Regulation (EU) 2019/125)

Y904Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the TR footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

TR016Thumb-cuffs, finger-cuffs, thumbscrews and finger-screws. This item includes both serrated and non-serrated cuffs and screws

TR018Cuffs for restraining human beings, designed to be anchored to a wall, floor or ceiling

Start date: 1972-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

4203291000: designated as protective for all trades
4203400010: hand-made

Classification tips

other gloves, mitts or mittens
not designated as hand-made

Sample products

Leather gloves, other, not designated as protective for all trades

Associated BTIs

Regulatory notes

NENC42034000Other articles of leather, or of composition leather

NENC4203Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, of leather or of composition leather

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (4203400090)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 5.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (4203400090)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (4203400090)?

Yes, 6 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (4203400090)?

24 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 4203400090?

TARIC code 4203400090 (Other) covers the following products: Leather gloves, other, not designated as protective for all trades, Mittens of composition leather, other.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

1. This chapter does not cover: (a) sterile surgical catgut or similar sterile suture materials (heading 3006); (b) articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber (heading 4014 or 4015), of plastics (Chapter 39), of textiles (Section XI) or of paperboard (Chapter 48); (c) articles of Chapter 64 (footwear) or Chapter 65 (headgear); (d) whips, riding-crops or other articles of heading 6602; (e) cuff-links, bracelets or other imitation jewellery (heading 7117); (f) fittings or trimmings for harness, such as stirrups, bits, horse brasses and buckles, separately presented (generally Section XV); (g) strings, skins for drums or the like, or other parts of musical instruments (heading 9209). 2. In addition to the provisions of Note 1, heading 4202 does not cover: (a) bags made of sheeting of plastics, whether or not printed, with handles, not designed for prolonged use (heading 3923); (b) articles of plaiting materials (heading 4602). 3. For the purposes of heading 4202, the expression 'outer surface' relates to the material of the outside of the container, the material being visible to the naked eye, even where this material constitutes the outer layer of a combination of materials which forms the exterior of the container.

Section noteNotes to Section VIII — Raw hides and skins, leather, furskins and articles thereof; Saddlery and harness; Travel goods, handbags and similar containers; Articles of animal gut (other than silkworm gut)

1. This Section does not cover: (a) prepared paints, inks or other products with a basis of metallic flakes or powder (headings 3207 to 3210, 3212, 3213 or 3215); (b) articles of heading 4201 or 4202 when they consist of sheeting of plastics or of textile materials (classified according to their constituent material in Chapter 39 or Section XI respectively). 2. Throughout the Nomenclature, the expression 'composition leather' means only substances of the kind referred to in heading 4115.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€28.69/kg

Export €/kg

€131.27/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,299

Moderate

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€14.2M	647Kt	€21.89/kg	31.0%
2	🇮🇳 India	€13.1M	888Kt	€14.73/kg	28.7%
3	🇵🇰 Pakistan	€7.4M	466Kt	€15.76/kg	16.1%
4	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€5.7M	61Kt	€93.30/kg	12.4%
5	🇺🇸 United States	€4.5M	16Kt	€281.69/kg	9.9%
6	🇮🇩 Indonesia	€840K	9Kt	€98.08/kg	1.8%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€28.8M	118Kt	€244.89/kg	24.3%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€23.4M	106Kt	€220.60/kg	19.7%
3	🇰🇷 South Korea	€22.6M	72Kt	€314.19/kg	19.0%
4	🇯🇵 Japan	€22.2M	70Kt	€318.17/kg	18.7%
5	🇭🇰 Hong Kong	€21.7M	45Kt	€487.91/kg	18.3%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€28.69/kg

Export €/kg

€131.27/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,299

Moderate

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€14.2M	647Kt	€21.89/kg	31.0%
2	🇮🇳 India	€13.1M	888Kt	€14.73/kg	28.7%
3	🇵🇰 Pakistan	€7.4M	466Kt	€15.76/kg	16.1%
4	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€5.7M	61Kt	€93.30/kg	12.4%
5	🇺🇸 United States	€4.5M	16Kt	€281.69/kg	9.9%
6	🇮🇩 Indonesia	€840K	9Kt	€98.08/kg	1.8%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€28.8M	118Kt	€244.89/kg	24.3%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€23.4M	106Kt	€220.60/kg	19.7%
3	🇰🇷 South Korea	€22.6M	72Kt	€314.19/kg	19.0%
4	🇯🇵 Japan	€22.2M	70Kt	€318.17/kg	18.7%
5	🇭🇰 Hong Kong	€21.7M	45Kt	€487.91/kg	18.3%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis