Hierarchy

09Section IX — WOOD AND ARTICLES OF WOOD

4400000000WOOD AND ARTICLES OF WOOD; WOOD CHARCOAL

4418000000Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels, assembled flooring panels, shingles and shakes

4418810000Engineered structural timber products

4418810000Glue-laminated timber (glulam)

4418810010Of bamboo

4418810090Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

Preferential rates(44)

+34

Preferential rates - 44 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	—	EEA Agreement	1
OCTs2080 0.000 %Overseas Association Decision	—	Overseas Association Decision

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 4400000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 4418000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

EU003According to The Special Provisions of Section II (A) (3) of the Preliminary Provisions of the Combined Nomenclature the suspension of customs duties for goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms shall be subject to conditions laid down in the relevant provisions of the European Union with a view to customs control of the use of such goods.

TM5101. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of goods intended for incorporation in the ships, boats or other vessels classified at the following CN codes 8901 10 10; 8901 20 10; 8901 30 10; 8901 90 10; 8902 00 10; 8903 91 10; 8903 92 10; 8904 00 10; 8904 00 91; 8905 10 10; 8905 90 10; 8906 10 00; 8906 90 10 for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for fitting to or equipping such ships, boats or other vessels. 2. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of: (a) goods intended for incorporation in drilling or production platforms: (1) fixed, of subheading ex 8430 49, operating in or outside the territorial sea of Member States, or (2) floating or submersible, of subheading 8905 20, for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for equipping the said platforms. (b) tubes, pipes, cables and their connection pieces, linking these drilling or production platforms to the mainland.

Import control(3)

inherited from 4400000000

Russia

Regulation 0833/142023-12-19

4 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Goods entered the territory of the customs union of the EU and presented to customs authorities prior to the entry into force or to applicability date of the present sanction, whichever is latest (see Article 12e of Regulation (EU) No 833/2014)

Import not allowed

CD868It shall be prohibited to purchase, import, or transfer, directly or indirectly, goods which generate significant revenues for Russia thereby enabling its actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine, as listed in Annex XXI into the Union if they originate in Russia or are exported from Russia. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1, the competent authorities may authorise the purchase, import or transfer of the goods listed in Annex XXI, or the provision of related technical and financial assistance, under such conditions as they deem appropriate, after having determined that this is necessary for the establishment, operation, maintenance, fuel supply and retreatment and safety of civil nuclear capabilities, and the continuation of design, construction and commissioning required for the completion of civil nuclear facilities, the supply of precursor material for the production of medical radioisotopes and similar medical applications, or critical technology for environmental radiation monitoring, as well as for civil nuclear cooperation, in particular in the field of research and development. Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 - Article 3i (Council regulation (EU) 2022/576)

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -timber FLEGT(1)

inherited from 4418000000

Indonesia

Decision 0284/142018-03-01

3 certificate(s) required

C690Other certificates

FLEGT import licence for timber

Y070Particular provisions

Exemption from the requirement of presenting FLEGT licence by virtue of Article 4.3 of Council Regulation (EC) No 2173/2005

Y057Particular provisions

Goods not requiring the presentation of a FLEGT import licence for timber

Import/export not allowed after control

CD631If the product is mentioned in the list annexed to Regulation (EC) 2173/2005 and not mentioned in Annexes A, B and C of Regulation (EC) No. 338/97 (CITES) and its last amendments, a FLEGT import authorisation must be presented for the release for free circulation. Timber and timber products dispatched to EU from a country not partner in a FLEGT Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) are not considered FLEGT goods and consequently are exempted of presenting a FLEGT licence

CD731Certificate Y057 shall be declared for imports of timber products originating in Indonesia in the following cases: • Ex goods that are not included in the Annex of Regulation 2016/1387 • Goods with origin Indonesia but dispatched from another third country (except for goods dispatched from countries with a stable FLEGT licence system) • Goods of a non-commercial nature

Import control -timber FLEGT Ghana(1)

inherited from 4418810000

Ghana

Decision 0151/102025-10-08

EU-Ghana EPA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

C690Other certificates

FLEGT import licence for timber

Y070Particular provisions

Exemption from the requirement of presenting FLEGT licence by virtue of Article 4.3 of Council Regulation (EC) No 2173/2005

Y057Particular provisions

Goods not requiring the presentation of a FLEGT import licence for timber

Import/export not allowed after control

CD01003Certificate Y057 shall be declared for imports of timber products originating in the Republic of Ghana in the following cases: • Ex goods that are not included in the Annex of Regulation 2025/530 • Goods with origin the Republic of Ghana but dispatched from another third country (except for goods dispatched from countries with a stable FLEGT licence system) • Goods of a non-commercial nature

CD01004FLEGT licences shall be issued by the licensing authority as a means of attesting that timber products have been legally produced. The FLEGT licence shall be laid out and completed in English.

Import prohibition(2)

inherited from 4400000000

Belarus

—Regulation 0355/222022-06-05

TM952It shall be prohibited: to import, directly or indirectly, wood products as listed in Annex X into the Union if they: (i) originate in Belarus; or (ii) have been exported from Belarus; COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 765/2006 - Article 1o.1 (COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2022/355)

North Korea

—Regulation 0285/182018-02-28

TM886Goods from the Annex XIj of Regulation (EU) 2018/285 (Wood)

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 4400000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4056Articles of wood, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

TM570The following shall be prohibited: a) the import of or the introduction into the territory of the Community of, and b) the dealing in, Iraqi cultural property and other items of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific and religious importance, if they have been illegally removed from locations in Iraq, in particular, if: i) the items form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of Iraqi museums, archives or libraries' conservation collection, or the inventories of Iraqi religious institutions, or ii) there exists reasonable suspicion that the goods have been removed from Iraq without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Iraq's laws and regulations. These prohibitions shall not apply if it is shown that either: a) the cultural items were exported from Iraq prior to 6 August 1990; or b) the cultural items are being returned to Iraqi institutions in accordance with the objective of safe return as set out in paragraph 7 of UNSC Resolution 1483 (2003).

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4056Articles of wood, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

TM572It shall be prohibited to import, export, or transfer Syrian cultural property goods and other goods of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific or religious importance, including those listed in Annex XI of Council Regulation (EU) No 36/2012, where there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the goods have been removed from Syria without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Syrian law or international law, in particular if the goods form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of the conservation collections of Syrian museums, archives or libraries, or the inventories of Syrian religious institutions. The prohibition shall not apply if it is demonstrated that: (a) the goods were exported from Syria prior to 9 May 2011; or (b) the goods are being safely returned to their legitimate owners in Syria.

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 2022-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

4418810010: Glue-laminated timber of bamboo

Classification tips

Glue-laminated timber, not of bamboo

Sample products

Glue-laminated timber (glulam) for constructionStructural glulam, wood

Regulatory notes

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 44

1. For the purposes of subheading 4403 41, 4403 49, 4407 21 to 4407 29, 4408 31 to 4408 39 and 4412 31, the following are 'tropical wood': Abura, Acajou d'Afrique, Afara/Limba, Aformosia, Agba, Akossika, Alan, Andiroba, Aningre, Avodir, Azobe, Balau, Balsa, Bossé clair, Bossé foncé, Cativo, Cedro, Dabema, Dark Red Meranti, Dibétou, Doussié, Framiré, Freijo, Fromager, Fuma, Geronggang, Ilomba, Imbuia, Ipé, Iroko, Jaboty, Jelutong, Jequitiba, Jongkong, Kapur, Kempas, Keruing, Kosipo, Kotibé, Koto, Light Red Meranti, Limba, Louro, Maçaranduba, Mahogany, Makoré, Mandioqueira, Mansonia, Mengkulang, Meranti Bakau, Merawan, Merbau, Merpauh, Mersawa, Moabi, Niangon, Nyatoh, Obeche, Okoumé, Onzabili, Orey, Ovengkol, Ozigo, Padauk, Paldao, Palissandre de Guatemala, Palissandre de Para, Palissandre de Rio, Palissandre de Rose, Pau Amarelo, Pau Marfim, Pulai, Punah, Quaruba, Ramin, Sapelli, Saqui-Saqui, Sepetir, Sipo, Sucupira, Suren, Tauari, Teak, Tiama, Tola, Virola, White Lauan, White Meranti, White Seraya, Yellow Meranti.

Chapter note

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels, assembled flooring panels, shingles and shakes.

CTH

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primary rules and the other

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (4418810090)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 0.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (4418810090)?

Yes, 41 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (4418810090)?

Yes, 5 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (4418810090)?

17 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 4418810090?

TARIC code 4418810090 (Other) covers the following products: Glue-laminated timber (glulam) for construction, Structural glulam, wood.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

09Section IX — WOOD AND ARTICLES OF WOOD

4400000000WOOD AND ARTICLES OF WOOD; WOOD CHARCOAL

4418000000Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels, assembled flooring panels, shingles and shakes

4418810000Engineered structural timber products

4418810000Glue-laminated timber (glulam)

4418810010Of bamboo

4418810090Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

Preferential rates(44)

+34

Preferential rates - 44 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	—	EEA Agreement	1
OCTs2080 0.000 %Overseas Association Decision	—	Overseas Association Decision

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 4400000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 4418000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

Import control(3)

inherited from 4400000000

Russia

Regulation 0833/142023-12-19

4 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -timber FLEGT(1)

inherited from 4418000000

Indonesia

Decision 0284/142018-03-01

3 certificate(s) required

C690Other certificates

FLEGT import licence for timber

Y070Particular provisions

Exemption from the requirement of presenting FLEGT licence by virtue of Article 4.3 of Council Regulation (EC) No 2173/2005

Y057Particular provisions

Goods not requiring the presentation of a FLEGT import licence for timber

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -timber FLEGT Ghana(1)

inherited from 4418810000

Ghana

Decision 0151/102025-10-08

EU-Ghana EPA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

C690Other certificates

FLEGT import licence for timber

Y070Particular provisions

Exemption from the requirement of presenting FLEGT licence by virtue of Article 4.3 of Council Regulation (EC) No 2173/2005

Y057Particular provisions

Goods not requiring the presentation of a FLEGT import licence for timber

Import/export not allowed after control

CD01004FLEGT licences shall be issued by the licensing authority as a means of attesting that timber products have been legally produced. The FLEGT licence shall be laid out and completed in English.

Import prohibition(2)

inherited from 4400000000

Belarus

—Regulation 0355/222022-06-05

North Korea

—Regulation 0285/182018-02-28

TM886Goods from the Annex XIj of Regulation (EU) 2018/285 (Wood)

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 4400000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4056Articles of wood, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4056Articles of wood, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 2022-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

4418810010: Glue-laminated timber of bamboo

Classification tips

Glue-laminated timber, not of bamboo

Sample products

Glue-laminated timber (glulam) for constructionStructural glulam, wood

Associated BTIs

CJEU Case Law

Regulatory notes

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 44

Chapter note

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

Builders' joinery and carpentry of wood, including cellular wood panels, assembled flooring panels, shingles and shakes.

CTH

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primary rules and the other

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (4418810090)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 0.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (4418810090)?

Yes, 41 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (4418810090)?

Yes, 5 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (4418810090)?

17 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 4418810090?

TARIC code 4418810090 (Other) covers the following products: Glue-laminated timber (glulam) for construction, Structural glulam, wood.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

1. This chapter does not cover: (a) wood, in chips, in shavings, crushed, ground or powdered, of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy, or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes (heading 1211); (b) bamboo or other materials of a woody nature of a kind used primarily for plaiting, in the rough, whether or not split, sawn lengthwise or cut to length (heading 1401); (c) wood, in chips, in shavings, ground or powdered, of a kind used primarily in dyeing or in tanning (heading 1404); (d) activated charcoal (heading 3802); (e) articles of heading 4217; (f) footwear or parts thereof of Chapter 64; (g) goods of Chapter 66 (for example, umbrellas and walking-sticks and parts thereof); (h) goods of heading 6808; (ij) goods of Chapter 71 (for example, imitation jewellery); (k) goods of Section XVI or XVII (for example, machine parts, cases, covers, cabinets for machines and apparatus and wheelwrights' wares); (l) goods of Section XVIII (for example, clock cases and musical instruments and parts thereof); (m) parts of firearms (heading 9305); (n) articles of Chapter 94 (for example, furniture, luminaires, prefabricated buildings); (o) articles of Chapter 96 (for example, smoking pipes, buttons and pencils), and hand sieves and hand riddles (heading 9604); (p) articles of Chapter 97 (for example, works of art). 2. In this chapter, the expression 'densified wood' means wood which has been subjected to chemical or physical treatment (being, in the case of layers bonded together, treatment in excess of that needed to ensure a good bond), and which has thereby acquired increased density or hardness together with improved mechanical strength or resistance to chemical or electrical agencies. 3. In headings 4414 to 4421, articles of particle board or similar board, of fibreboard, of laminated wood or of densified wood are to be classified as articles of the corresponding kind of wood. 4. Products of heading 4410, 4411 or 4412 may be worked to form the profiles described in respect of the wood of heading 4409, curved, corrugated, perforated, cut or formed to shapes other than square or rectangular or submitted to any other operation provided it does not give them the character of articles of other headings.

Section noteNotes to Section IX — Wood and articles of wood; Wood charcoal; Cork and articles of cork; Manufactures of straw, of esparto or of other plaiting materials; Basketware and wickerwork

Section IX has no Section Notes. Classification rules are governed by the Chapter Notes of Chapters 44 (Wood), 45 (Cork) and 46 (Manufactures of straw, esparto and other plaiting materials; basketware and wickerwork). Key rules include: Chapter 44 contains extensive exclusion lists directing products to other chapters (e.g., furniture to Chapter 94, instruments to Section XVIII), and defines the scope of 'wood' to include bamboo and other materials of a woody nature. Chapter 45 distinguishes between natural cork and agglomerated cork and their respective articles.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€1.91/kg

Export €/kg

€1.23/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,834

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇲🇾 Malaysia	€153.4M	73.0Mt	€2.10/kg	37.7%
2	🇮🇩 Indonesia	€137.4M	63.9Mt	€2.15/kg	33.8%
3	🇨🇬 CG	€41.7M	19.4Mt	€2.15/kg	10.2%
4	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€39.1M	23.7Mt	€1.65/kg	9.6%
5	🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina	€35.3M	22.4Mt	€1.57/kg	8.7%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇯🇵 Japan	€1.1B	1.1Bt	€1.06/kg	49.2%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€816.2M	651.7Mt	€1.25/kg	35.1%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€142.0M	80.9Mt	€1.75/kg	6.1%
4	🇳🇴 Norway	€140.6M	87.5Mt	€1.61/kg	6.0%
5	🇺🇸 United States	€83.6M	45.1Mt	€1.85/kg	3.6%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€1.91/kg

Export €/kg

€1.23/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,834

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇲🇾 Malaysia	€153.4M	73.0Mt	€2.10/kg	37.7%
2	🇮🇩 Indonesia	€137.4M	63.9Mt	€2.15/kg	33.8%
3	🇨🇬 CG	€41.7M	19.4Mt	€2.15/kg	10.2%
4	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€39.1M	23.7Mt	€1.65/kg	9.6%
5	🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina	€35.3M	22.4Mt	€1.57/kg	8.7%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇯🇵 Japan	€1.1B	1.1Bt	€1.06/kg	49.2%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€816.2M	651.7Mt	€1.25/kg	35.1%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€142.0M	80.9Mt	€1.75/kg	6.1%
4	🇳🇴 Norway	€140.6M	87.5Mt	€1.61/kg	6.0%
5	🇺🇸 United States	€83.6M	45.1Mt	€1.85/kg	3.6%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis