Overview TARIC Nomenclature Classification Guide BTI EU Classification Rulings CJEU Case Law - Tariff Classification Market Intelligence Origin of Goods Export Control CBAM Calculator EUDR Checker ClassifyAI SH Customs Value Incoterms® 2020

71Chapter

04Heading

29Subheading

00CN

00TARIC

Other

NATURAL OR CULTURED PEARLS, PRECIOUS OR SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES, PRECIOUS METALS, METALS CLAD WITH PRECIOUS METAL, AND ARTICLES THEREOF > NATURAL OR CULTURED PEARLS, PRECIOUS OR SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES, PRECIOUS METALS, METALS CLAD WITH PRECIOUS METAL, AND ARTICLES THEREOF; IMITATION JEWELLERY; COIN > Synthetic or reconstructed precious or semi-precious stones, whether or not worked or graded but not strung, mounted or set; ungraded synthetic or reconstructed precious or semi-precious stones, temporarily strung for convenience of transport > Other, unworked or simply sawn or roughly shaped > Other

Hierarchy

14Section XIV — NATURAL OR CULTURED PEARLS, PRECIOUS OR SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES, PRECIOUS METALS, METALS CLAD WITH PRECIOUS METAL, AND ARTICLES THEREOF

7100000000NATURAL OR CULTURED PEARLS, PRECIOUS OR SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES, PRECIOUS METALS, METALS CLAD WITH PRECIOUS METAL, AND ARTICLES THEREOF; IMITATION JEWELLERY; COIN

7104000000Synthetic or reconstructed precious or semi-precious stones, whether or not worked or graded but not strung, mounted or set; ungraded synthetic or reconstructed precious or semi-precious stones, temporarily strung for convenience of transport

7104210000Other, unworked or simply sawn or roughly shaped

7104210000Diamonds

7104290000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

Preferential rates(38)

+28

Preferential rates - 38 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	—	EEA Agreement	1
OCTs2080 0.000 %Overseas Association Decision	—	Overseas Association Decision

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 7100000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Supplementary unit(1)

inherited from 7104000000

ERGA OMNES

GRMRegulation 2658/872008-01-01

Import control(4)

inherited from 7104000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-02-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y727Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 3)

Y728Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 4)

L152Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 1ra paragraph 10 of Council Regulation (EU) 765/2006

Y870Particular provisions

Goods entered the territory of the customs union of the EU and presented to customs authorities prior to the entry into force or to applicability date of the present sanction, whichever is latest (see Article 8f of Regulation (EU) No 765/2006)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD925It shall be prohibited to purchase, import, or transfer into the Union, directly or indirectly, goods which allow Belarus to diversify its sources of revenue, thereby enabling its involvement in the Russian aggression against Ukraine, as listed in Annex XXVII, if they originate in Belarus or are exported from Belarus. Article 1ra - Regulation (EU) 765/2006 (COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2024/1865)

Russia

Regulation 0833/142023-12-19

4 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

CD875It shall be prohibited to purchase, import, or transfer, directly or indirectly, goods which generate significant revenues for Russia thereby enabling its actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine, as listed in Annex XXI into the Union if they originate in Russia or are exported from Russia. With regard to the goods listed in Part B of Annex XXI, the prohibitions in paragraph 1 shall not apply to the execution until 8 January 2023 of contracts concluded before 7 October 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1, the competent authorities may authorise the purchase, import or transfer of the goods listed in Annex XXI, or the provision of related technical and financial assistance, under such conditions as they deem appropriate, after having determined that this is necessary for the establishment, operation, maintenance, fuel supply and retreatment and safety of civil nuclear capabilities, and the continuation of design, construction and commissioning required for the completion of civil nuclear facilities, the supply of precursor material for the production of medical radioisotopes and similar medical applications, or critical technology for environmental radiation monitoring, as well as for civil nuclear cooperation, in particular in the field of research and development. Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 - Article 3i (Council regulation (EU) 2022/576)

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -luxury goods(1)

North Korea

Regulation 2062/172022-01-01

2 certificate(s) required

Y945Particular provisions

Travellers' personal effects or goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y946Particular provisions

Goods necessary for the official purposes of diplomatic or consular missions of Member States in the DPRK or international organisations enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, or to the personal effects of their staff (Art 10.3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD203The prohibition shall not apply to travellers' personal effects or to goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

CD223The prohibition shall not apply to goods which are necessary for the official purposes of diplomatic or consular missions of Member States in the DPRK or of international organisations enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, or to the personal effects of their staff (Art 10.3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509).

TM684Goods from the list of luxury goods referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(1)

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172022-01-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU265Goods 6C004 from the dual use list.

DU266Goods 6C005 from the dual use list.

Start date: 2022-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

7104210000: The goods are diamonds.

Classification tips

The goods are synthetic or reconstructed precious or semi-precious stones other than diamonds.

Sample products

Synthetic precious or semi-precious stones, other than diamonds, unworked

Regulatory notes

NENC7104Synthetic or reconstructed precious or semi-precious stones, whether or not worked or graded but not strung, mounted or set; ungraded synthetic or reconstructed precious or semi-precious stones, temporarily strung for convenience of transport

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 71

1. Subject to Note 1(a) to Section XIV and except as provided in Note 2, all articles consisting wholly or partly: (a) of natural or cultured pearls or of precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed), or (b) of precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal, are to be classified in this chapter. Additional Note 1: For the purposes of heading 7106, 7108 and 7110, the expression 'in semi-manufactured forms' applies to forms which have undergone working beyond that needed to produce bars, rods, profiles, wire, plates, sheets, strip and foil, but which, by reason of their form, are not classifiable as articles or parts thereof falling in heading 7113 to 7118. Additional Note 2: For the purposes of heading 7113, the term 'articles of jewellery' means small objects of personal adornment (gem-set rings, bracelets, necklaces, brooches, earrings, watch chains, fobs, pendants, tie pins, cufflinks, dress-studs, religious or other medals and insignia). This term does not include articles of goldsmiths' or silversmiths' wares (heading 7114).

Non-preferential origin

specific

-- Other

The origin shall be the country where the goods of this subheading are obtained in their unworked state.

specific

-- Other

The origin shall be the country where the goods of this subheading are obtained in their unworked state.

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primary rules, the country of origin of the goods shall be the country in which the major portion of the materials originated, as determined on the basis of the value of the materials.

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (7104290000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 0.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (7104290000)?

Yes, 35 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (7104290000)?

Yes, 6 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (7104290000)?

2 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 7104290000?

TARIC code 7104290000 (Other) covers the following products: Synthetic precious or semi-precious stones, other than diamonds, unworked, Reconstructed precious or semi-precious stones, other than diamonds, simply sawn.

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Hierarchy

14Section XIV — NATURAL OR CULTURED PEARLS, PRECIOUS OR SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES, PRECIOUS METALS, METALS CLAD WITH PRECIOUS METAL, AND ARTICLES THEREOF

7100000000NATURAL OR CULTURED PEARLS, PRECIOUS OR SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES, PRECIOUS METALS, METALS CLAD WITH PRECIOUS METAL, AND ARTICLES THEREOF; IMITATION JEWELLERY; COIN

7104210000Other, unworked or simply sawn or roughly shaped

7104210000Diamonds

7104290000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

Preferential rates(38)

+28

Preferential rates - 38 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	—	EEA Agreement	1
OCTs2080 0.000 %Overseas Association Decision	—	Overseas Association Decision

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 7100000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Supplementary unit(1)

inherited from 7104000000

ERGA OMNES

GRMRegulation 2658/872008-01-01

Import control(4)

inherited from 7104000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-02-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y727Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 3)

Y728Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 4)

L152Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 1ra paragraph 10 of Council Regulation (EU) 765/2006

Y870Particular provisions

Import/export not allowed after control

Russia

Regulation 0833/142023-12-19

4 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -luxury goods(1)

North Korea

Regulation 2062/172022-01-01

2 certificate(s) required

Y945Particular provisions

Travellers' personal effects or goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y946Particular provisions

Import/export not allowed after control

TM684Goods from the list of luxury goods referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(1)

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172022-01-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU265Goods 6C004 from the dual use list.

DU266Goods 6C005 from the dual use list.

Start date: 2022-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

7104210000: The goods are diamonds.

Classification tips

The goods are synthetic or reconstructed precious or semi-precious stones other than diamonds.

Sample products

Synthetic precious or semi-precious stones, other than diamonds, unworked

Associated BTIs

Regulatory notes

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 71

Non-preferential origin

specific

-- Other

The origin shall be the country where the goods of this subheading are obtained in their unworked state.

specific

-- Other

The origin shall be the country where the goods of this subheading are obtained in their unworked state.

Residual rule

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (7104290000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 0.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (7104290000)?

Yes, 35 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (7104290000)?

Yes, 6 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (7104290000)?

2 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 7104290000?

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Chapter noteChapter 71 — Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; Imitation jewellery; Coin

For the purposes of this chapter, 'precious metals' means silver, gold and platinum. 'Platinum' includes iridium, osmium, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium. The term 'precious metal alloys' includes alloys containing one or more precious metals, provided the precious metal content by weight is at least 2% for platinum group metals or at least 2% for gold or silver alloys (specific thresholds apply). 'Precious stones' and 'semi-precious stones' are defined in the Explanatory Notes and include diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds (precious), and all other gemstones (semi-precious). The chapter also covers 'rolled precious metal' (base metal clad with precious metal by soldering, welding, hot-rolling, etc., where the precious metal coating thickness is at least 5% of total weight). The chapter excludes dental amalgams, chemicals of heading 2843, and coins that are legal tender.

Section noteNotes to Section XIV — Natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal, and articles thereof; Imitation jewellery; Coin

1. Subject to Note 1(a) to Section VI and except as provided below, all articles consisting wholly or partly of natural or cultured pearls, of precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed) are to be classified in this Chapter. 2. (A) Headings 7113, 7114 and 7115 do not cover articles in which precious metal or metal clad with precious metal is present as minor constituents only, such as minor fittings or minor ornamentation (for example, monograms, ferrules and rims), and paragraph (b) of the foregoing Note does not apply to such articles. (B) Heading 7116 does not cover articles containing precious metal or metal clad with precious metal (other than as minor constituents). 3. This Section does not cover: (a) amalgams of precious metal, or colloidal precious metal (heading 2843); (b) sterile surgical suture materials, dental fillings or other goods of Chapter 30; (c) goods of Chapter 32 (for example, lustres); (d) supported catalysts (heading 3815).

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

100.2M G

Exports

€0

198.1M G

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€0.2146/G

(€174.86/kg)

Export €/kg

€0.3225/G

(€310.29/kg)

Market concentration (HHI)

2,907

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€7.2M	38Kt	€189.55/kg	38.1%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€6.5M	8Kt	€818.96/kg	34.0%
3	🇹🇼 Taiwan	€3.0M	20Kt	€145.28/kg	15.5%
4	🇺🇸 United States	€1.3M	19Kt	€72.28/kg	7.0%
5	🇯🇵 Japan	€640K	370	€1.7K/kg	3.4%
6	🇹🇭 Thailand	€287K	1Kt	€284.12/kg	1.5%
7	🇮🇳 India	€101K	500	€201.82/kg	0.5%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€41.4M	113Kt	€367.43/kg	67.2%
2	🇲🇺 MU	€16.2M	37Kt	€442.14/kg	26.2%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€1.6M	3Kt	€532.01/kg	2.6%
4	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€1.4M	293	€4.8K/kg	2.3%
5	🇮🇳 India	€858K	29Kt	€29.94/kg	1.4%
6	🇳🇴 Norway	€175K	605	€289.90/kg	0.3%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

100.2M G

Exports

€0

198.1M G

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€0.2146/G

(€174.86/kg)

Export €/kg

€0.3225/G

(€310.29/kg)

Market concentration (HHI)

2,907

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€7.2M	38Kt	€189.55/kg	38.1%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€6.5M	8Kt	€818.96/kg	34.0%
3	🇹🇼 Taiwan	€3.0M	20Kt	€145.28/kg	15.5%
4	🇺🇸 United States	€1.3M	19Kt	€72.28/kg	7.0%
5	🇯🇵 Japan	€640K	370	€1.7K/kg	3.4%
6	🇹🇭 Thailand	€287K	1Kt	€284.12/kg	1.5%
7	🇮🇳 India	€101K	500	€201.82/kg	0.5%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€41.4M	113Kt	€367.43/kg	67.2%
2	🇲🇺 MU	€16.2M	37Kt	€442.14/kg	26.2%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€1.6M	3Kt	€532.01/kg	2.6%
4	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€1.4M	293	€4.8K/kg	2.3%
5	🇮🇳 India	€858K	29Kt	€29.94/kg	1.4%
6	🇳🇴 Norway	€175K	605	€289.90/kg	0.3%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis