Hierarchy

15Section XV — BASE METALS AND ARTICLES OF BASE METAL

7200000000IRON AND STEEL

7224000000Other alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of other alloy steel

7224900000Other

7224900300Other

7224903100Other

7224903100Hot-rolled or obtained by continuous casting

7224909000Forged

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

Preferential rates(26)

+16

Preferential rates - 26 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
Andorra 0.000 %EU-Andorra Customs Union	—	EU-Andorra Customs Union
Côte d’Ivoire 0.000 %EU-Côte d'Ivoire EPA	—	EU-Côte d'Ivoire EPA
Cameroon 0.000 %EU-Cameroon Interim EPA	—	EU-Cameroon Interim EPA

Third country duty(1)

inherited from 7224900000

Russia

0.000 %2Regulation 1789/032023-10-01

2 certificate(s) required

L139Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3g.7 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Goods entered the territory of the customs union of the EU and presented to customs authorities prior to the entry into force or to applicability date of the present sanction, whichever is latest (see Article 12e of Regulation (EU) No 833/2014)

Measure not applicable

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism - CBAM(1)

inherited from 7224000000

All third countries

Regulation 0956/232026-01-01

Except:IS(Iceland)NO(Norway)LI(Liechtenstein)XL(XL)XC(XC)CH(Switzerland)

11 certificate(s) required

Y128Particular provisions

CBAM account number

Y134Particular provisions

Goods originating in Büsingen, Heligoland, or Livigno (Article 2.4 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956)

Y135Particular provisions

Goods to be moved or used in the context of military activities - Exemption by virtue Article 2.(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/956

Y237Particular provisions

Goods of EU origin (CBAM)

Y238Particular provisions

Application to obtain the status of authorised CBAM declarant has been submitted until 31 March 2026

Y128Particular provisions

CBAM account number

Y134Particular provisions

Goods originating in Büsingen, Heligoland, or Livigno (Article 2.4 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956)

Y135Particular provisions

Goods to be moved or used in the context of military activities - Exemption by virtue Article 2.(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/956

Y137Particular provisions

De minimis exemption - Exemption by virtue Article 2a. of Regulation (EU) 2023/956

Y237Particular provisions

Goods of EU origin (CBAM)

Y238Particular provisions

Application to obtain the status of authorised CBAM declarant has been submitted until 31 March 2026

Import/export not allowed after control

CD01023Article 2a of Regulation 2023/956: An importer, including any importer with the status of an authorised CBAM declarant, shall be exempted from the obligations under this Regulation, where the net mass of the imported goods in a given calendar year does not cumulatively exceed the single mass-based threshold laid down in point 1 of Annex VII (the “single mass-based threshold”). That threshold shall apply to the total net mass of goods under all CN codes aggregated per importer and per calendar year. In such a case, the importer, including an importer with the status of an authorised CBAM declarant, shall declare that exemption in the relevant customs declaration.

CD01024CBAM obligations do not apply to goods of EU origin, and in cases where non-CBAM goods of non-EU origin are processed together with EU-origin goods under the inward processing procedure, the resulting processed CBAM goods released for free circulation shall be excluded from CBAM obligations.

CD01025Article 17.7a. of Regulation 2023/956: By way of derogation from Article 4, where an importer or an indirect customs representative has submitted an application in accordance with Article 5 by 31 March 2026, such an importer or indirect customs representative may provisionally continue to import goods until the competent authority takes a decision under this Article.

TM967Regulation (EU) 2023/956 - Article 25: Without prejudice to Article 2a, the customs authorities shall not allow the importation of goods by any person other than an authorised CBAM declarant. This Regulation shall not apply to: - goods to be moved or used in the context of military activities pursuant to Article 1, point (49), of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446, - electricity generated on the continental shelf or in the exclusive economic zone of a Member State or of a country or territory listed in points 1 and 2 of Annex III; - hydrogen originating on the continental shelf or in the exclusive economic zone of a Member State or of a country or territory listed in point 1 of Annex III.’; - an importer, where the net mass of the imported goods in a given calendar year does not cumulatively exceed the single mass-based threshold laid down in point 1 of Annex VII (the “single mass-based threshold”). Regulation (EU) 2023/956 - Article 2.4 – Scope: Regulation (EU) 2023/956 shall not apply to goods originating in the third countries and territories listed in point 1 of Annex III.

Non-preferential tariff quota(1)

inherited from 7224900000

Russia

0.000 %Regulation 2878/232025-10-01

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 7224000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

EU003According to The Special Provisions of Section II (A) (3) of the Preliminary Provisions of the Combined Nomenclature the suspension of customs duties for goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms shall be subject to conditions laid down in the relevant provisions of the European Union with a view to customs control of the use of such goods.

TM5101. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of goods intended for incorporation in the ships, boats or other vessels classified at the following CN codes 8901 10 10; 8901 20 10; 8901 30 10; 8901 90 10; 8902 00 10; 8903 91 10; 8903 92 10; 8904 00 10; 8904 00 91; 8905 10 10; 8905 90 10; 8906 10 00; 8906 90 10 for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for fitting to or equipping such ships, boats or other vessels. 2. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of: (a) goods intended for incorporation in drilling or production platforms: (1) fixed, of subheading ex 8430 49, operating in or outside the territorial sea of Member States, or (2) floating or submersible, of subheading 8905 20, for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for equipping the said platforms. (b) tubes, pipes, cables and their connection pieces, linking these drilling or production platforms to the mainland.

Import control(8)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0267/122017-04-03

Except:IR(Iran)

3 certificate(s) required

Y949Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure (Reg 267/2012)

C067Other certificates

Import authorisation for restricted goods and technologies (Council Regulation (EU) No 267/2012)

Y069Particular provisions

Goods not consigned from Iran

Import/export not allowed after control

CD989If the goods declared are described in footnote "DU" linked to the measure a prior import authorisation must be presented for the import, purchase or transport from Iran of the goods and technology listed in Annex I, whether or not originating in Iran (R267/2012).

DU073Goods 1C216 from the dual use list.

All third countries

Regulation 0833/142023-12-19

Except:RU(Russia)

5 certificate(s) required

L139Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3g.7 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y824Particular provisions

Evidence of the country of origin of the iron and steel inputs used for processing of the product in a third country

Y878Particular provisions

The product is imported from a partner country for importation of iron and steel as listed in Annex XXXVI to Regulation (EU) No 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Import/export not allowed after control

CD864It shall be prohibited: (a) to import, directly or indirectly, iron and steel products as listed in Annex XVII into the Union if they: (i) originate in Russia; or (ii) have been exported from Russia; (b) to purchase, directly or indirectly, iron and steel products as listed in Annex XVII which are located or which originated in Russia; (c) to transport iron and steel products as listed in Annex XVII if they originated in Russia or are being exported from Russia to any other country; (d) to import or purchase, as from 30 September 2023, directly or indirectly, iron and steel products as listed in Annex XVII when processed in a third country incorporating iron and steel products originating in Russia as listed in Annex XVII; with regard to products listed in Annex XVII processed in a third country incorporating steel products originating in Russia of CN code 7207 11 or 7207 12 10 or 7224 90 , this prohibition shall apply as of 1 April 2024 for CN code 7207 11 and as of 1 October 2028 for CN codes 7207 12 10 and 7224 90, for the purposes of the application of this point, importers shall provide, at the time of importation, a proof of the country of origin of the iron and steel precursors used for the processing of the product in a third country, unless the product is imported from a partner country listed in Annex XXXVI for imports of iron and steel; (e) to provide, directly or indirectly, technical assistance, brokering services, financing or financial assistance, including financial derivatives, as well as insurance and re-insurance, related to the prohibitions in points (a), (b), (c) and (d), By way of derogation from paragraph 1, the competent authorities may authorise the purchase, import or transfer of the goods listed in Annex XVII, under such conditions as they deem appropriate, after having determined that this is necessary for the establishment, operation, maintenance, fuel supply and retreatment and safety of civil nuclear capabilities, and the continuation of design, construction and commissioning required for the completion of civil nuclear facilities such as the Paks II project, the supply of precursor material for the production of medical radioisotopes and similar medical applications, or critical technology for environmental radiation monitoring, as well as for civil nuclear cooperation, in particular in the field of research and development. Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 - Article 3g

Iran

Regulation 0267/122025-09-30

1 certificate(s) required

Y949Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure (Reg 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

DU073Goods 1C216 from the dual use list.

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(1)

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU073Goods 1C216 from the dual use list.

Import prohibition(1)

inherited from 7200000000

Belarus

—Regulation 0355/222022-06-05

TM954It shall be prohibited: to import, directly or indirectly, iron and steel products as listed in Annex XII into the Union if they: (i) originate in Belarus; or (ii) have been exported from Belarus; COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 765/2006 - Article 1q.1 (COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2022/355)

Restriction on entry into free circulation(1)

inherited from 7224900000

Russia

Regulation 2474/222023-02-26

4 certificate(s) required

K027Tariff quota certificate

Tariff quota - order number 09.8253 requested and not exhausted

L139Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3g.7 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

CD884It shall be prohibited to import, directly or indirectly, iron and steel products as listed in Annex XVII to Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 into the Union if they originate in Russia. The prohibitions shall not apply to the import of quantities of goods falling under tariff quotas 09.8253, 09.8258 or 09.8259.

Start date: 2004-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

7224903100: Carbon content is 0,9% to 1,15% by weight, chromium content is 0,5% to 2% by weight and molybdenum, if present, is not more than 0,5% by weight.

Classification tips

Forged semi-finished product of other alloy steel not meeting the composition specified for the sibling code.

Sample products

Forged semi-finished product of other alloy steel

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 72 — Iron and steel

This chapter defines key ferrous metallurgy terms. 'Pig iron' means iron-carbon alloys not usefully malleable, containing more than 2% carbon by weight and possibly containing other elements within specified limits (e.g. chromium max 10%, manganese max 6%). 'Stainless steel' means alloy steels containing by weight 1.2% or less of carbon and 10.5% or more of chromium, with or without other elements. 'Other alloy steel' means steels not meeting the definition of stainless steel but containing by weight one or more specified elements above minimum thresholds (e.g., aluminium 0.3%, boron 0.0008%, chromium 0.3%, cobalt 0.3%, etc.). The chapter further defines flat-rolled products, bars and rods, hollow profiles, ingots, semi-finished products and specific forms. Iron and steel products are classified by carbon content, alloying elements, and the form of working (hot-rolled, cold-rolled, coated, etc.).

Section note

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

Other alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of other alloy steel.

CTH

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primary rules, the country of origin of the goods shall be the country in which the major portion of the materials originated, as determined on the basis of the value of the materials.

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Forged (7224909000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Forged is 0.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Forged (7224909000)?

Yes, 25 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Forged (7224909000)?

Yes, 8 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Forged (7224909000)?

18 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 7224909000?

TARIC code 7224909000 (Forged) covers the following products: Forged semi-finished product of other alloy steel, Other alloy steel, forged, semi-finished product.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

15Section XV — BASE METALS AND ARTICLES OF BASE METAL

7200000000IRON AND STEEL

7224000000Other alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of other alloy steel

7224900000Other

7224900300Other

7224903100Other

7224903100Hot-rolled or obtained by continuous casting

7224909000Forged

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

Preferential rates(26)

+16

Preferential rates - 26 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
Andorra 0.000 %EU-Andorra Customs Union	—	EU-Andorra Customs Union
Côte d’Ivoire 0.000 %EU-Côte d'Ivoire EPA	—	EU-Côte d'Ivoire EPA
Cameroon 0.000 %EU-Cameroon Interim EPA	—	EU-Cameroon Interim EPA

Third country duty(1)

inherited from 7224900000

Russia

0.000 %2Regulation 1789/032023-10-01

2 certificate(s) required

L139Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3g.7 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Measure not applicable

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism - CBAM(1)

inherited from 7224000000

All third countries

Regulation 0956/232026-01-01

Except:IS(Iceland)NO(Norway)LI(Liechtenstein)XL(XL)XC(XC)CH(Switzerland)

11 certificate(s) required

Y128Particular provisions

CBAM account number

Y134Particular provisions

Goods originating in Büsingen, Heligoland, or Livigno (Article 2.4 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956)

Y135Particular provisions

Goods to be moved or used in the context of military activities - Exemption by virtue Article 2.(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/956

Y237Particular provisions

Goods of EU origin (CBAM)

Y238Particular provisions

Application to obtain the status of authorised CBAM declarant has been submitted until 31 March 2026

Y128Particular provisions

CBAM account number

Y134Particular provisions

Goods originating in Büsingen, Heligoland, or Livigno (Article 2.4 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956)

Y135Particular provisions

Goods to be moved or used in the context of military activities - Exemption by virtue Article 2.(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/956

Y137Particular provisions

De minimis exemption - Exemption by virtue Article 2a. of Regulation (EU) 2023/956

Y237Particular provisions

Goods of EU origin (CBAM)

Y238Particular provisions

Application to obtain the status of authorised CBAM declarant has been submitted until 31 March 2026

Import/export not allowed after control

Non-preferential tariff quota(1)

inherited from 7224900000

Russia

0.000 %Regulation 2878/232025-10-01

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 7224000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

Import control(8)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0267/122017-04-03

Except:IR(Iran)

3 certificate(s) required

Y949Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure (Reg 267/2012)

C067Other certificates

Import authorisation for restricted goods and technologies (Council Regulation (EU) No 267/2012)

Y069Particular provisions

Goods not consigned from Iran

Import/export not allowed after control

DU073Goods 1C216 from the dual use list.

All third countries

Regulation 0833/142023-12-19

Except:RU(Russia)

5 certificate(s) required

L139Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3g.7 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y824Particular provisions

Evidence of the country of origin of the iron and steel inputs used for processing of the product in a third country

Y878Particular provisions

The product is imported from a partner country for importation of iron and steel as listed in Annex XXXVI to Regulation (EU) No 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Import/export not allowed after control

Iran

Regulation 0267/122025-09-30

1 certificate(s) required

Y949Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure (Reg 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

DU073Goods 1C216 from the dual use list.

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(1)

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU073Goods 1C216 from the dual use list.

Import prohibition(1)

inherited from 7200000000

Belarus

—Regulation 0355/222022-06-05

Restriction on entry into free circulation(1)

inherited from 7224900000

Russia

Regulation 2474/222023-02-26

4 certificate(s) required

K027Tariff quota certificate

Tariff quota - order number 09.8253 requested and not exhausted

L139Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3g.7 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

Start date: 2004-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

7224903100: Carbon content is 0,9% to 1,15% by weight, chromium content is 0,5% to 2% by weight and molybdenum, if present, is not more than 0,5% by weight.

Classification tips

Forged semi-finished product of other alloy steel not meeting the composition specified for the sibling code.

Sample products

Forged semi-finished product of other alloy steel

Associated BTIs

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 72 — Iron and steel

Section note

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

Other alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of other alloy steel.

CTH

Residual rule

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Forged (7224909000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Forged is 0.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Forged (7224909000)?

Yes, 25 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Forged (7224909000)?

Yes, 8 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Forged (7224909000)?

18 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 7224909000?

TARIC code 7224909000 (Forged) covers the following products: Forged semi-finished product of other alloy steel, Other alloy steel, forged, semi-finished product.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

1. This Section does not cover: (a) prepared paints, inks or other products with a basis of metallic flakes or powder (headings 3207 to 3210, 3212, 3213 or 3215); (b) ferrocerium or other pyrophoric alloys (heading 3606); (c) headgear or parts thereof of heading 6506 or 6507; (d) umbrella frames or other articles of Chapter 66; (e) goods of Chapter 71 (for example, precious metal alloys, base metal clad with precious metal, imitation jewellery); (f) articles of Section XVI (machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical equipment); (g) assembled railway or tramway track (heading 8608) or other articles of Section XVII (vehicles, aircraft, vessels); (h) instruments or apparatus of Section XVIII, including clock or watch springs; (ij) lead shot prepared for ammunition (heading 9306) or other articles of Section XIX (arms and ammunition); (k) articles of Chapter 94 (furniture, lamps, illuminated signs, prefabricated buildings); (l) articles of Chapter 95 (toys, games, sports requisites); (m) hand sieves, buttons, pens, pencils, pen-holders, monopods, bipods, tripods and similar articles or other articles of Chapter 96; (n) articles of Chapter 97 (works of art). 2. Throughout the Nomenclature, the expression 'parts of general use' means: (a) articles of heading 7307, 7312, 7315, 7317 or 7318 and similar articles of other base metal; (b) springs and leaves for springs, of base metal, other than clock or watch springs (heading 9114); (c) articles of headings 8301, 8302, 8308, 8310 and frames and mirrors, of base metal, of heading 8306. In Chapters 73 to 76 and 78 to 82, references to parts of goods do not include references to parts of general use as defined above. 3. Throughout the Nomenclature, the expression 'base metals' means: iron and steel, copper, nickel, aluminium, lead, zinc, tin, tungsten (wolfram), molybdenum, tantalum, magnesium, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, zirconium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium (celtium), indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and thallium. 4. Throughout the Nomenclature, the term 'cermets' means products containing a microscopic heterogeneous combination of a metallic component and a ceramic component, including sintered metal carbides. 5. Classification of alloys (other than ferro-alloys and master alloys as defined in Chapters 72 and 74): alloys of base metals with each other are to be classified as alloys of the metal which predominates by weight over each of the other metals. Alloys of base metals not elsewhere specified or included are to be classified as articles of the metal predominating by weight.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€3.96/kg

Export €/kg

€5.64/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

4,079

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇹🇷 Turkey	€94.5M	28.8Mt	€3.27/kg	60.3%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€21.2M	1.3Mt	€15.80/kg	13.6%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€20.0M	600Kt	€33.39/kg	12.8%
4	🇨🇳 China	€11.6M	6.1Mt	€1.89/kg	7.4%
5	🇮🇳 India	€9.2M	2.2Mt	€4.12/kg	5.9%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€13.0M	1.0Mt	€12.61/kg	32.9%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€10.7M	2.4Mt	€4.49/kg	27.3%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€6.6M	1.8Mt	€3.57/kg	16.7%
4	🇳🇴 Norway	€4.6M	1.1Mt	€4.14/kg	11.7%
5	🇧🇷 Brazil	€4.5M	1.6Mt	€2.83/kg	11.4%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€3.96/kg

Export €/kg

€5.64/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

4,079

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇹🇷 Turkey	€94.5M	28.8Mt	€3.27/kg	60.3%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€21.2M	1.3Mt	€15.80/kg	13.6%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€20.0M	600Kt	€33.39/kg	12.8%
4	🇨🇳 China	€11.6M	6.1Mt	€1.89/kg	7.4%
5	🇮🇳 India	€9.2M	2.2Mt	€4.12/kg	5.9%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€13.0M	1.0Mt	€12.61/kg	32.9%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€10.7M	2.4Mt	€4.49/kg	27.3%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€6.6M	1.8Mt	€3.57/kg	16.7%
4	🇳🇴 Norway	€4.6M	1.1Mt	€4.14/kg	11.7%
5	🇧🇷 Brazil	€4.5M	1.6Mt	€2.83/kg	11.4%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis