Hierarchy

15Section XV — BASE METALS AND ARTICLES OF BASE METAL

7400000000COPPER AND ARTICLES THEREOF

7408000000Copper wire

7408110000Of refined copper

7408190000Other

7408191000Of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 0,5|mm

7408199000Of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension does not exceed 0,5|mm

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty4.800 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

4.800 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-4.8 pp	-4.8 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-4.8 pp	-4.8 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-4.8 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-4.8 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-4.8 ppESA Interim EPA	-4.8 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-4.8 ppSADC EPA	-4.8 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-4.8 pp	-4.8 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-4.8 ppEverything But Arms	-4.8 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-4.8 ppEEA Agreement	-4.8 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Airworthiness tariff suspension(1)

inherited from 7408000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 1517/182018-11-01

1 certificate(s) required

C119Other certificates

Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate

Measure not applicable

CD333The autonomous Common Customs Tariff duties laid down in Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 for parts, components and other goods of a kind to be incorporated in or used for aircraft and parts thereof in the course of their manufacture, repair, maintenance, rebuilding, modification or conversion is suspended. In order to benefit from the suspension, the declarant shall present to the customs authorities an Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1, as set out in Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, or an equivalent certificate. The certificates which are deemed to be equivalent to Authorised Release Certificates are listed in Annex II to the Regulation (EU) 2018/1517.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 7400000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 7408000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

EU003According to The Special Provisions of Section II (A) (3) of the Preliminary Provisions of the Combined Nomenclature the suspension of customs duties for goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms shall be subject to conditions laid down in the relevant provisions of the European Union with a view to customs control of the use of such goods.

TM5101. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of goods intended for incorporation in the ships, boats or other vessels classified at the following CN codes 8901 10 10; 8901 20 10; 8901 30 10; 8901 90 10; 8902 00 10; 8903 91 10; 8903 92 10; 8904 00 10; 8904 00 91; 8905 10 10; 8905 90 10; 8906 10 00; 8906 90 10 for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for fitting to or equipping such ships, boats or other vessels. 2. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of: (a) goods intended for incorporation in drilling or production platforms: (1) fixed, of subheading ex 8430 49, operating in or outside the territorial sea of Member States, or (2) floating or submersible, of subheading 8905 20, for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for equipping the said platforms. (b) tubes, pipes, cables and their connection pieces, linking these drilling or production platforms to the mainland.

Import control(4)

inherited from 7408000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-02-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y727Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 3)

Y728Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 4)

L152Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 1ra paragraph 10 of Council Regulation (EU) 765/2006

Y870Particular provisions

Goods entered the territory of the customs union of the EU and presented to customs authorities prior to the entry into force or to applicability date of the present sanction, whichever is latest (see Article 8f of Regulation (EU) No 765/2006)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD925It shall be prohibited to purchase, import, or transfer into the Union, directly or indirectly, goods which allow Belarus to diversify its sources of revenue, thereby enabling its involvement in the Russian aggression against Ukraine, as listed in Annex XXVII, if they originate in Belarus or are exported from Belarus. Article 1ra - Regulation (EU) 765/2006 (COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2024/1865)

Russia

Regulation 0833/142024-03-21

4 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

CD868It shall be prohibited to purchase, import, or transfer, directly or indirectly, goods which generate significant revenues for Russia thereby enabling its actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine, as listed in Annex XXI into the Union if they originate in Russia or are exported from Russia. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1, the competent authorities may authorise the purchase, import or transfer of the goods listed in Annex XXI, or the provision of related technical and financial assistance, under such conditions as they deem appropriate, after having determined that this is necessary for the establishment, operation, maintenance, fuel supply and retreatment and safety of civil nuclear capabilities, and the continuation of design, construction and commissioning required for the completion of civil nuclear facilities, the supply of precursor material for the production of medical radioisotopes and similar medical applications, or critical technology for environmental radiation monitoring, as well as for civil nuclear cooperation, in particular in the field of research and development. Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 - Article 3i (Council regulation (EU) 2022/576)

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -waste(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1157/242026-05-21

6 certificate(s) required

C672Other certificates

Information document accompanying shipments of waste as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 18 and Annex VII

C669Other certificates

Notification document as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 - Article 5 and Annex IA

Y923Particular provisions

Product not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

C672Other certificates

Information document accompanying shipments of waste as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 18 and Annex VII

C670Other certificates

Movement document as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 5 and Annex IB

Y923Particular provisions

Product not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

Import/export not allowed after control

CD572The wastes mentioned in Article 4 (paragraphs 1 and 2) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 shall be subject to the procedure of prior written notification and consent.

CD573The wastes mentioned in Article 4(paragraph 4) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 shall be subjected to the general information requirements laid down in Article 18 of the same Regulation, if the amount of waste shipped exceeds 20 kg.

CD574If the wastes listed in Annex III (green list) display certain hazardous characteristics, the relevant provisions shall apply as if these wastes had been listed in Annex IV (amber list). Article 4 (paragraph 2 letter e) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157.

CD577By way of derogation from Article 4(1) and (2), shipments of waste explicitly destined for laboratory aalysis or experimental treatment trials to assess either the physical or chemical characteristics of the waste or to determine its suitability for recovery or disposal shall be subject to the general information requirements laid down in Article 18 where all of the following conditions are fulfilled: (a) the quantity of waste does not exceed the quantity reasonably needed to perform the analysis or trial in each particular case, but not more than 250 kg or any larger quantity agreed on a case-by- case basis by the competent authorities of dispatch and destination and the person who arranges the shipment; (b) in the event a quantity higher than 250 kg is requested by the person who arranges the shipment, that person shall provide the information contained in Annex VII, to the extent possible, to the competent authorities of dispatch and destination together with the reasoned explanation why such a larger quantity is needed to perform the analysis or trial. Article 4 (paragraph 5) - Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

Import prohibition(1)

inherited from 7400000000

North Korea

—Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

TM505Goods from the Annex VII of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509 (Copper, nickel, silver and zinc)

Start date: 1972-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

7408199000: The maximum cross-sectional dimension is 0,5 mm or less.

Classification tips

The maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 0,5 mm.

Sample products

Copper wire, other than refined copper, maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeding 0,5 mm

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 74 — Copper and articles thereof

For the purposes of this chapter, 'refined copper' means metal containing at least 99.85% by weight of copper, or metal containing at least 97.5% by weight of copper provided that the content by weight of any other element does not exceed specified limits. 'Copper alloys' are metallic substances other than unrefined copper in which copper predominates by weight over each of the other elements; they include brass (copper-zinc alloys), bronze (copper-tin alloys), and cupro-nickel (copper-nickel alloys). 'Master alloys' are alloys containing more than 10% by weight of other elements, not usefully malleable, used as additives in the preparation of other alloys. The chapter covers copper from unwrought forms through to finished articles, and excludes products of Chapter 26 (ores) and elements of heading 8544 (insulated wire).

Section note

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

Copper wire.

CTH

tariff_shift

Copper wire.

CTH

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primary rules, the country of origin of the goods shall be the country in which the major portion of the materials originated, as determined on the basis of the value of the materials.

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 0,5|mm (7408191000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 0,5|mm is 4.800 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 0,5|mm (7408191000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 0,5|mm (7408191000)?

Yes, 5 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 0,5|mm (7408191000)?

10 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 7408191000?

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

15Section XV — BASE METALS AND ARTICLES OF BASE METAL

7400000000COPPER AND ARTICLES THEREOF

7408000000Copper wire

7408110000Of refined copper

7408190000Other

7408191000Of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 0,5|mm

7408199000Of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension does not exceed 0,5|mm

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty4.800 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

4.800 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-4.8 pp	-4.8 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-4.8 pp	-4.8 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-4.8 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-4.8 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-4.8 ppESA Interim EPA	-4.8 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-4.8 ppSADC EPA	-4.8 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-4.8 pp	-4.8 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-4.8 ppEverything But Arms	-4.8 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-4.8 ppEEA Agreement	-4.8 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Airworthiness tariff suspension(1)

inherited from 7408000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 1517/182018-11-01

1 certificate(s) required

C119Other certificates

Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate

Measure not applicable

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 7400000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 7408000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

Import control(4)

inherited from 7408000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-02-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y727Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 3)

Y728Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 4)

L152Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 1ra paragraph 10 of Council Regulation (EU) 765/2006

Y870Particular provisions

Import/export not allowed after control

Russia

Regulation 0833/142024-03-21

4 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -waste(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1157/242026-05-21

6 certificate(s) required

C672Other certificates

Information document accompanying shipments of waste as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 18 and Annex VII

C669Other certificates

Notification document as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 - Article 5 and Annex IA

Y923Particular provisions

Product not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

C672Other certificates

Information document accompanying shipments of waste as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 18 and Annex VII

C670Other certificates

Movement document as mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 – Article 5 and Annex IB

Y923Particular provisions

Product not subjected to the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157

Import/export not allowed after control

CD572The wastes mentioned in Article 4 (paragraphs 1 and 2) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1157 shall be subject to the procedure of prior written notification and consent.

Import prohibition(1)

inherited from 7400000000

North Korea

—Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

TM505Goods from the Annex VII of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509 (Copper, nickel, silver and zinc)

Start date: 1972-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

7408199000: The maximum cross-sectional dimension is 0,5 mm or less.

Classification tips

The maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 0,5 mm.

Sample products

Copper wire, other than refined copper, maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeding 0,5 mm

Associated BTIs

See all BTIs (10)

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 74 — Copper and articles thereof

Section note

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

Copper wire.

CTH

tariff_shift

Copper wire.

CTH

Residual rule

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 0,5|mm (7408191000)?

Are there tariff preferences for Of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 0,5|mm (7408191000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 0,5|mm (7408191000)?

Yes, 5 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension exceeds 0,5|mm (7408191000)?

10 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 7408191000?

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

1. This Section does not cover: (a) prepared paints, inks or other products with a basis of metallic flakes or powder (headings 3207 to 3210, 3212, 3213 or 3215); (b) ferrocerium or other pyrophoric alloys (heading 3606); (c) headgear or parts thereof of heading 6506 or 6507; (d) umbrella frames or other articles of Chapter 66; (e) goods of Chapter 71 (for example, precious metal alloys, base metal clad with precious metal, imitation jewellery); (f) articles of Section XVI (machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical equipment); (g) assembled railway or tramway track (heading 8608) or other articles of Section XVII (vehicles, aircraft, vessels); (h) instruments or apparatus of Section XVIII, including clock or watch springs; (ij) lead shot prepared for ammunition (heading 9306) or other articles of Section XIX (arms and ammunition); (k) articles of Chapter 94 (furniture, lamps, illuminated signs, prefabricated buildings); (l) articles of Chapter 95 (toys, games, sports requisites); (m) hand sieves, buttons, pens, pencils, pen-holders, monopods, bipods, tripods and similar articles or other articles of Chapter 96; (n) articles of Chapter 97 (works of art). 2. Throughout the Nomenclature, the expression 'parts of general use' means: (a) articles of heading 7307, 7312, 7315, 7317 or 7318 and similar articles of other base metal; (b) springs and leaves for springs, of base metal, other than clock or watch springs (heading 9114); (c) articles of headings 8301, 8302, 8308, 8310 and frames and mirrors, of base metal, of heading 8306. In Chapters 73 to 76 and 78 to 82, references to parts of goods do not include references to parts of general use as defined above. 3. Throughout the Nomenclature, the expression 'base metals' means: iron and steel, copper, nickel, aluminium, lead, zinc, tin, tungsten (wolfram), molybdenum, tantalum, magnesium, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, zirconium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium (celtium), indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and thallium. 4. Throughout the Nomenclature, the term 'cermets' means products containing a microscopic heterogeneous combination of a metallic component and a ceramic component, including sintered metal carbides. 5. Classification of alloys (other than ferro-alloys and master alloys as defined in Chapters 72 and 74): alloys of base metals with each other are to be classified as alloys of the metal which predominates by weight over each of the other metals. Alloys of base metals not elsewhere specified or included are to be classified as articles of the metal predominating by weight.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€9.55/kg

Export €/kg

€10.07/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

6,531

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇹🇷 Turkey	€620.0M	65.7Mt	€9.43/kg	79.9%
2	🇺🇿 UZ	€82.5M	9.3Mt	€8.86/kg	10.6%
3	🇽🇸 XS	€34.5M	3.6Mt	€9.51/kg	4.4%
4	🇲🇽 Mexico	€26.6M	2.5Mt	€10.81/kg	3.4%
5	🇨🇳 China	€9.2M	670Kt	€13.70/kg	1.2%
6	🇵🇪 Peru	€3.1M	284Kt	€11.05/kg	0.4%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€208.5M	21.9Mt	€9.51/kg	37.0%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€126.6M	13.7Mt	€9.26/kg	22.5%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€92.2M	5.0Mt	€18.53/kg	16.4%
4	🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia	€70.8M	7.5Mt	€9.44/kg	12.6%
5	🇹🇳 Tunisia	€46.5M	5.1Mt	€9.03/kg	8.3%
6	🇳🇴 Norway	€18.4M	1.8Mt	€10.39/kg	3.3%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€9.55/kg

Export €/kg

€10.07/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

6,531

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇹🇷 Turkey	€620.0M	65.7Mt	€9.43/kg	79.9%
2	🇺🇿 UZ	€82.5M	9.3Mt	€8.86/kg	10.6%
3	🇽🇸 XS	€34.5M	3.6Mt	€9.51/kg	4.4%
4	🇲🇽 Mexico	€26.6M	2.5Mt	€10.81/kg	3.4%
5	🇨🇳 China	€9.2M	670Kt	€13.70/kg	1.2%
6	🇵🇪 Peru	€3.1M	284Kt	€11.05/kg	0.4%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€208.5M	21.9Mt	€9.51/kg	37.0%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€126.6M	13.7Mt	€9.26/kg	22.5%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€92.2M	5.0Mt	€18.53/kg	16.4%
4	🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia	€70.8M	7.5Mt	€9.44/kg	12.6%
5	🇹🇳 Tunisia	€46.5M	5.1Mt	€9.03/kg	8.3%
6	🇳🇴 Norway	€18.4M	1.8Mt	€10.39/kg	3.3%

EU Member States

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