Hierarchy

15Section XV — BASE METALS AND ARTICLES OF BASE METAL

7600000000ALUMINIUM AND ARTICLES THEREOF

7616000000Other articles of aluminium

7616999009Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty6.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

6.000 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-6.0 pp	-6.0 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-6.0 pp	-6.0 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-6.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-6.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-6.0 ppESA Interim EPA	-6.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-6.0 ppSADC EPA	-6.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-6.0 pp	-6.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-6.0 ppEverything But Arms	-6.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-6.0 ppEEA Agreement	-6.0 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Airworthiness tariff suspension(1)

inherited from 7616000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 1517/182018-11-01

1 certificate(s) required

C119Other certificates

Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate

Measure not applicable

CD333The autonomous Common Customs Tariff duties laid down in Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 for parts, components and other goods of a kind to be incorporated in or used for aircraft and parts thereof in the course of their manufacture, repair, maintenance, rebuilding, modification or conversion is suspended. In order to benefit from the suspension, the declarant shall present to the customs authorities an Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1, as set out in Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, or an equivalent certificate. The certificates which are deemed to be equivalent to Authorised Release Certificates are listed in Annex II to the Regulation (EU) 2018/1517.

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism - CBAM(1)

inherited from 7616000000

All third countries

Regulation 0956/232026-01-01

Except:CH(Switzerland)IS(Iceland)XC(XC)XL(XL)LI(Liechtenstein)NO(Norway)

11 certificate(s) required

Y128Particular provisions

CBAM account number

Y134Particular provisions

Goods originating in Büsingen, Heligoland, or Livigno (Article 2.4 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956)

Y135Particular provisions

Goods to be moved or used in the context of military activities - Exemption by virtue Article 2.(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/956

Y237Particular provisions

Goods of EU origin (CBAM)

Y238Particular provisions

Application to obtain the status of authorised CBAM declarant has been submitted until 31 March 2026

Y128Particular provisions

CBAM account number

Y134Particular provisions

Goods originating in Büsingen, Heligoland, or Livigno (Article 2.4 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956)

Y135Particular provisions

Goods to be moved or used in the context of military activities - Exemption by virtue Article 2.(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/956

Y137Particular provisions

De minimis exemption - Exemption by virtue Article 2a. of Regulation (EU) 2023/956

Y237Particular provisions

Goods of EU origin (CBAM)

Y238Particular provisions

Application to obtain the status of authorised CBAM declarant has been submitted until 31 March 2026

Import/export not allowed after control

CD01023Article 2a of Regulation 2023/956: An importer, including any importer with the status of an authorised CBAM declarant, shall be exempted from the obligations under this Regulation, where the net mass of the imported goods in a given calendar year does not cumulatively exceed the single mass-based threshold laid down in point 1 of Annex VII (the “single mass-based threshold”). That threshold shall apply to the total net mass of goods under all CN codes aggregated per importer and per calendar year. In such a case, the importer, including an importer with the status of an authorised CBAM declarant, shall declare that exemption in the relevant customs declaration.

CD01024CBAM obligations do not apply to goods of EU origin, and in cases where non-CBAM goods of non-EU origin are processed together with EU-origin goods under the inward processing procedure, the resulting processed CBAM goods released for free circulation shall be excluded from CBAM obligations.

CD01025Article 17.7a. of Regulation 2023/956: By way of derogation from Article 4, where an importer or an indirect customs representative has submitted an application in accordance with Article 5 by 31 March 2026, such an importer or indirect customs representative may provisionally continue to import goods until the competent authority takes a decision under this Article.

TM967Regulation (EU) 2023/956 - Article 25: Without prejudice to Article 2a, the customs authorities shall not allow the importation of goods by any person other than an authorised CBAM declarant. This Regulation shall not apply to: - goods to be moved or used in the context of military activities pursuant to Article 1, point (49), of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446, - electricity generated on the continental shelf or in the exclusive economic zone of a Member State or of a country or territory listed in points 1 and 2 of Annex III; - hydrogen originating on the continental shelf or in the exclusive economic zone of a Member State or of a country or territory listed in point 1 of Annex III.’; - an importer, where the net mass of the imported goods in a given calendar year does not cumulatively exceed the single mass-based threshold laid down in point 1 of Annex VII (the “single mass-based threshold”). Regulation (EU) 2023/956 - Article 2.4 – Scope: Regulation (EU) 2023/956 shall not apply to goods originating in the third countries and territories listed in point 1 of Annex III.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 7600000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Non-preferential tariff quota(1)

Certain handicraft products2301

0.000 %1Regulation 0032/002026-01-01

1 certificate(s) required

A014Certificate of authenticity

Certificate of authenticity HANDI

Measure not applicable

CD001Eligibility to benefit from this tariff quota is subject to the presentation of a certificate, recognised by the competent Community authorities, attesting that the products concerned are hand-made (R|2000/0032 - OJ No L 5).

TM589The following shall be considered hand-made products: (a) cottage industry products made entirely by hand; (b) cottage industry products which have the character of products made by hand; (c) garments or other textile products obtained manually from fabrics woven on looms operated solely by hand or foot and essentially sewn by hand or sewn by sewing-machines operated solely by hand or foot.

Preferential tariff quota(1)

inherited from 7616000000

United Kingdom

0.000 %1Regulation 0775/212025-01-01

EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement(since 2021)

1 certificate(s) required

U178Proof of origin

Proof of origin containing the following statement in English: "Origin quotas – Product originating in accordance with Annex ORIG-2A ".

Measure not applicable

CD845Subject to the presentation of a proof of origin containing the following statement in English: "Origin quotas – Product originating in accordance with Annex ORIG-2A"

Import control(6)

inherited from 7616999000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0267/122017-04-03

Except:IR(Iran)

3 certificate(s) required

Y949Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure (Reg 267/2012)

C067Other certificates

Import authorisation for restricted goods and technologies (Council Regulation (EU) No 267/2012)

Y069Particular provisions

Goods not consigned from Iran

Import/export not allowed after control

CD989If the goods declared are described in footnote "DU" linked to the measure a prior import authorisation must be presented for the import, purchase or transport from Iran of the goods and technology listed in Annex I, whether or not originating in Iran (R267/2012).

DU113Goods 2A226 from the dual use list.

DU483Goods 1C202a from the dual use list.

DU484Goods 1C202b from the dual use list.

Iran

Regulation 0267/122025-09-30

1 certificate(s) required

Y949Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure (Reg 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

DU113Goods 2A226 from the dual use list.

DU483Goods 1C202a from the dual use list.

DU484Goods 1C202b from the dual use list.

Iran

Regulation 0267/122025-09-30

1 certificate(s) required

Y750Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Council Regulation (EC) No. 267/2012, Annex II

Import/export not allowed after control

TM01042Article 4 of Regulation (EU) No 267/2012 (consolidated version) It shall be prohibited to purchase, import or transport from Iran, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in Annex II whether the item concerned originates in Iran or not.

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(2)

inherited from 7616999000

Iran

Regulation 0267/122017-10-23

1 certificate(s) required

Y966Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the MG footnotes linked to the measure (Missile Technology Control Regime list - Annex III of Reg. (EU) 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD971Annex III (MG footnotes) shall list the items, including goods and technology, contained in the Missile Technology Control Regime list (Council regulation 267/2012).

CD985If the goods declared are described in footnote "MG" linked to the measure (article 4a, article 4c of the Council regulation 267/2012): It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in Annex III or any other item that the Member State determines could contribute to the development of nuclear weapon delivery systems, whether or not originating in the Union, to any Iranian person, entity or body or for use in Iran. It shall be prohibited to purchase, import or transport from Iran, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in Annex III whether the item concerned originates in Iran or not.

MG725M2A1b

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU628Goods 9A116c from the dual use list.

DU652Goods 1A006b from the dual use list.

Import prohibition -torture goods(1)

inherited from 7616999000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0125/192019-02-20

Except:XL(XL)XC(XC)

2 certificate(s) required

C064Other certificates

Authorisation for export or import of goods that could be used for torture (Regulation (EU) 2019/125)

Y904Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the TR footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD990If the declared goods are described in the "TR" footnotes linked to the measure and they are not medical technical goods and they won't be used for the exclusive purpose of public display in a museum in view of their historic significance,export/import is prohibited (Regulation (EU) 2019/125 (OJ L 30).

TR016Thumb-cuffs, finger-cuffs, thumbscrews and finger-screws. This item includes both serrated and non-serrated cuffs and screws

TR017Bar fetters, weighted leg restraints and gang chains comprising bar fetters or weighted leg restraints. 1. Bar fetters are shackles or ankle rings fitted with a locking mechanism, linked by a rigid bar which is typically made of metal 2. This item includes bar fetters and weighted leg restraints which are linked to ordinary handcuffs by means of a chain

TR018Cuffs for restraining human beings, designed to be anchored to a wall, floor or ceiling

Start date: 2012-05-12

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

7616999001: The article is hand-made.

Classification tips

The article is not described as hand-made.

Sample products

Other article of aluminium, not hand-madeIndustrially manufactured article of aluminium

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 76 — Aluminium and articles thereof

For the purposes of this chapter, 'aluminium alloys' are metallic substances in which aluminium predominates by weight over each of the other elements, provided that the total content by weight of the other elements exceeds 1%. 'Unwrought aluminium' means aluminium not yet worked beyond the casting or smelting stage (ingots, billets, slabs). The chapter defines flat-rolled products, bars, rods, profiles, wire, tubes, pipes and their fittings. Aluminium foil of a thickness not exceeding 0.2 mm is classified in heading 7607. The chapter covers aluminium from unwrought forms through manufactured articles but excludes elements of heading 8544 (insulated wire) and products of Section XVI (machinery parts).

Section note

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

-- Other

CTSH

tariff_shift

-- Other

CTSH

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primary rules, the country of origin of the goods shall be the country in which the major portion of the materials originated, as determined on the basis of the value of the materials.

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (7616999009)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 6.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (7616999009)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (7616999009)?

Yes, 8 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (7616999009)?

6 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 7616999009?

TARIC code 7616999009 (Other) covers the following products: Other article of aluminium, not hand-made, Industrially manufactured article of aluminium.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

15Section XV — BASE METALS AND ARTICLES OF BASE METAL

7600000000ALUMINIUM AND ARTICLES THEREOF

7616000000Other articles of aluminium

7616999009Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty6.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

6.000 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-6.0 pp	-6.0 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-6.0 pp	-6.0 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-6.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-6.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-6.0 ppESA Interim EPA	-6.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-6.0 ppSADC EPA	-6.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-6.0 pp	-6.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-6.0 ppEverything But Arms	-6.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-6.0 ppEEA Agreement	-6.0 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Airworthiness tariff suspension(1)

inherited from 7616000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 1517/182018-11-01

1 certificate(s) required

C119Other certificates

Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate

Measure not applicable

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism - CBAM(1)

inherited from 7616000000

All third countries

Regulation 0956/232026-01-01

Except:CH(Switzerland)IS(Iceland)XC(XC)XL(XL)LI(Liechtenstein)NO(Norway)

11 certificate(s) required

Y128Particular provisions

CBAM account number

Y134Particular provisions

Goods originating in Büsingen, Heligoland, or Livigno (Article 2.4 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956)

Y135Particular provisions

Goods to be moved or used in the context of military activities - Exemption by virtue Article 2.(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/956

Y237Particular provisions

Goods of EU origin (CBAM)

Y238Particular provisions

Application to obtain the status of authorised CBAM declarant has been submitted until 31 March 2026

Y128Particular provisions

CBAM account number

Y134Particular provisions

Goods originating in Büsingen, Heligoland, or Livigno (Article 2.4 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956)

Y135Particular provisions

Goods to be moved or used in the context of military activities - Exemption by virtue Article 2.(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/956

Y137Particular provisions

De minimis exemption - Exemption by virtue Article 2a. of Regulation (EU) 2023/956

Y237Particular provisions

Goods of EU origin (CBAM)

Y238Particular provisions

Application to obtain the status of authorised CBAM declarant has been submitted until 31 March 2026

Import/export not allowed after control

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 7600000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Non-preferential tariff quota(1)

Certain handicraft products2301

0.000 %1Regulation 0032/002026-01-01

1 certificate(s) required

A014Certificate of authenticity

Certificate of authenticity HANDI

Measure not applicable

Preferential tariff quota(1)

inherited from 7616000000

United Kingdom

0.000 %1Regulation 0775/212025-01-01

EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement(since 2021)

1 certificate(s) required

U178Proof of origin

Proof of origin containing the following statement in English: "Origin quotas – Product originating in accordance with Annex ORIG-2A ".

Measure not applicable

CD845Subject to the presentation of a proof of origin containing the following statement in English: "Origin quotas – Product originating in accordance with Annex ORIG-2A"

Import control(6)

inherited from 7616999000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0267/122017-04-03

Except:IR(Iran)

3 certificate(s) required

Y949Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure (Reg 267/2012)

C067Other certificates

Import authorisation for restricted goods and technologies (Council Regulation (EU) No 267/2012)

Y069Particular provisions

Goods not consigned from Iran

Import/export not allowed after control

DU113Goods 2A226 from the dual use list.

DU483Goods 1C202a from the dual use list.

DU484Goods 1C202b from the dual use list.

Iran

Regulation 0267/122025-09-30

1 certificate(s) required

Y949Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure (Reg 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

DU113Goods 2A226 from the dual use list.

DU483Goods 1C202a from the dual use list.

DU484Goods 1C202b from the dual use list.

Iran

Regulation 0267/122025-09-30

1 certificate(s) required

Y750Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Council Regulation (EC) No. 267/2012, Annex II

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(2)

inherited from 7616999000

Iran

Regulation 0267/122017-10-23

1 certificate(s) required

Y966Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the MG footnotes linked to the measure (Missile Technology Control Regime list - Annex III of Reg. (EU) 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD971Annex III (MG footnotes) shall list the items, including goods and technology, contained in the Missile Technology Control Regime list (Council regulation 267/2012).

MG725M2A1b

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU628Goods 9A116c from the dual use list.

DU652Goods 1A006b from the dual use list.

Import prohibition -torture goods(1)

inherited from 7616999000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0125/192019-02-20

Except:XL(XL)XC(XC)

2 certificate(s) required

C064Other certificates

Authorisation for export or import of goods that could be used for torture (Regulation (EU) 2019/125)

Y904Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the TR footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

TR016Thumb-cuffs, finger-cuffs, thumbscrews and finger-screws. This item includes both serrated and non-serrated cuffs and screws

TR018Cuffs for restraining human beings, designed to be anchored to a wall, floor or ceiling

Start date: 2012-05-12

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

7616999001: The article is hand-made.

Classification tips

The article is not described as hand-made.

Sample products

Other article of aluminium, not hand-madeIndustrially manufactured article of aluminium

Associated BTIs

CJEU Case Law

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 76 — Aluminium and articles thereof

Section note

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

-- Other

CTSH

tariff_shift

-- Other

CTSH

Residual rule

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (7616999009)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 6.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (7616999009)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (7616999009)?

Yes, 8 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (7616999009)?

6 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 7616999009?

TARIC code 7616999009 (Other) covers the following products: Other article of aluminium, not hand-made, Industrially manufactured article of aluminium.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

1. This Section does not cover: (a) prepared paints, inks or other products with a basis of metallic flakes or powder (headings 3207 to 3210, 3212, 3213 or 3215); (b) ferrocerium or other pyrophoric alloys (heading 3606); (c) headgear or parts thereof of heading 6506 or 6507; (d) umbrella frames or other articles of Chapter 66; (e) goods of Chapter 71 (for example, precious metal alloys, base metal clad with precious metal, imitation jewellery); (f) articles of Section XVI (machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical equipment); (g) assembled railway or tramway track (heading 8608) or other articles of Section XVII (vehicles, aircraft, vessels); (h) instruments or apparatus of Section XVIII, including clock or watch springs; (ij) lead shot prepared for ammunition (heading 9306) or other articles of Section XIX (arms and ammunition); (k) articles of Chapter 94 (furniture, lamps, illuminated signs, prefabricated buildings); (l) articles of Chapter 95 (toys, games, sports requisites); (m) hand sieves, buttons, pens, pencils, pen-holders, monopods, bipods, tripods and similar articles or other articles of Chapter 96; (n) articles of Chapter 97 (works of art). 2. Throughout the Nomenclature, the expression 'parts of general use' means: (a) articles of heading 7307, 7312, 7315, 7317 or 7318 and similar articles of other base metal; (b) springs and leaves for springs, of base metal, other than clock or watch springs (heading 9114); (c) articles of headings 8301, 8302, 8308, 8310 and frames and mirrors, of base metal, of heading 8306. In Chapters 73 to 76 and 78 to 82, references to parts of goods do not include references to parts of general use as defined above. 3. Throughout the Nomenclature, the expression 'base metals' means: iron and steel, copper, nickel, aluminium, lead, zinc, tin, tungsten (wolfram), molybdenum, tantalum, magnesium, cobalt, bismuth, cadmium, titanium, zirconium, antimony, manganese, beryllium, chromium, germanium, vanadium, gallium, hafnium (celtium), indium, niobium (columbium), rhenium and thallium. 4. Throughout the Nomenclature, the term 'cermets' means products containing a microscopic heterogeneous combination of a metallic component and a ceramic component, including sintered metal carbides. 5. Classification of alloys (other than ferro-alloys and master alloys as defined in Chapters 72 and 74): alloys of base metals with each other are to be classified as alloys of the metal which predominates by weight over each of the other metals. Alloys of base metals not elsewhere specified or included are to be classified as articles of the metal predominating by weight.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€11.48/kg

Export €/kg

€20.06/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

4,547

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€4.4B	492.8Mt	€8.88/kg	65.0%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€742.7M	13.4Mt	€55.59/kg	11.0%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€624.0M	20.4Mt	€30.53/kg	9.3%
4	🇹🇷 Turkey	€582.9M	67.4Mt	€8.65/kg	8.7%
5	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€405.1M	13.2Mt	€30.61/kg	6.0%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€1.3B	44.9Mt	€28.81/kg	34.5%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€895.5M	49.0Mt	€18.27/kg	23.9%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€797.5M	36.4Mt	€21.88/kg	21.3%
4	🇨🇳 China	€480.6M	19.1Mt	€25.19/kg	12.8%
5	🇹🇷 Turkey	€180.4M	10.1Mt	€17.86/kg	4.8%
6	🇲🇾 Malaysia	€104.6M	1.2Mt	€85.77/kg	2.8%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€11.48/kg

Export €/kg

€20.06/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

4,547

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€4.4B	492.8Mt	€8.88/kg	65.0%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€742.7M	13.4Mt	€55.59/kg	11.0%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€624.0M	20.4Mt	€30.53/kg	9.3%
4	🇹🇷 Turkey	€582.9M	67.4Mt	€8.65/kg	8.7%
5	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€405.1M	13.2Mt	€30.61/kg	6.0%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€1.3B	44.9Mt	€28.81/kg	34.5%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€895.5M	49.0Mt	€18.27/kg	23.9%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€797.5M	36.4Mt	€21.88/kg	21.3%
4	🇨🇳 China	€480.6M	19.1Mt	€25.19/kg	12.8%
5	🇹🇷 Turkey	€180.4M	10.1Mt	€17.86/kg	4.8%
6	🇲🇾 Malaysia	€104.6M	1.2Mt	€85.77/kg	2.8%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

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