Hierarchy

16Section XVI — MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES

8400000000NUCLEAR REACTORS, BOILERS, MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; PARTS THEREOF

8401000000Nuclear reactors; fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, for nuclear reactors; machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation

8401100000Nuclear reactors

8401200000Machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation, and parts thereof

8401300000Fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated 8401400000Parts of nuclear reactors

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty3.700 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

3.700 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-3.7 pp	-3.7 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-3.7 pp	-3.7 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-3.7 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-3.7 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-3.7 ppESA Interim EPA	-3.7 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-3.7 ppSADC EPA	-3.7 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-3.7 pp	-3.7 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-3.7 ppEverything But Arms	-3.7 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-3.7 ppEEA Agreement	-3.7 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 8401000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

EU003According to The Special Provisions of Section II (A) (3) of the Preliminary Provisions of the Combined Nomenclature the suspension of customs duties for goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms shall be subject to conditions laid down in the relevant provisions of the European Union with a view to customs control of the use of such goods.

TM5101. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of goods intended for incorporation in the ships, boats or other vessels classified at the following CN codes 8901 10 10; 8901 20 10; 8901 30 10; 8901 90 10; 8902 00 10; 8903 91 10; 8903 92 10; 8904 00 10; 8904 00 91; 8905 10 10; 8905 90 10; 8906 10 00; 8906 90 10 for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for fitting to or equipping such ships, boats or other vessels. 2. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of: (a) goods intended for incorporation in drilling or production platforms: (1) fixed, of subheading ex 8430 49, operating in or outside the territorial sea of Member States, or (2) floating or submersible, of subheading 8905 20, for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for equipping the said platforms. (b) tubes, pipes, cables and their connection pieces, linking these drilling or production platforms to the mainland.

Import control(6)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0267/122017-04-03

Except:IR(Iran)

3 certificate(s) required

Y949Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure (Reg 267/2012)

C067Other certificates

Import authorisation for restricted goods and technologies (Council Regulation (EU) No 267/2012)

Y069Particular provisions

Goods not consigned from Iran

Import/export not allowed after control

CD989If the goods declared are described in footnote "DU" linked to the measure a prior import authorisation must be presented for the import, purchase or transport from Iran of the goods and technology listed in Annex I, whether or not originating in Iran (R267/2012).

DU006Goods 0B001c from the dual use list.

DU007Goods 0B001d from the dual use list.

DU008Goods 0B001g from the dual use list.

DU009Goods 0B001h from the dual use list.

DU033Goods 1A226 from the dual use list.

DU048Goods 1B228 from the dual use list.

DU404Goods 0B001a from the dual use list.

DU405Goods 0B001b from the dual use list.

DU406Goods 0B001e from the dual use list.

DU407Goods 0B001f from the dual use list.

DU408Goods 0B001i from the dual use list.

DU409Goods 0B001j from the dual use list.

DU410Goods 0B002a from the dual use list.

DU411Goods 0B002b from the dual use list.

DU412Goods 0B002c from the dual use list.

DU414Goods 0B002e from the dual use list.

DU415Goods 0B002f from the dual use list.

DU417Goods 0B004a from the dual use list.

DU418Goods 0B004b from the dual use list.

DU469Goods 1B231a from the dual use list.

DU471Goods 1B233a from the dual use list.

DU472Goods 1B233b from the dual use list.

Iran

Regulation 0267/122025-09-30

1 certificate(s) required

Y949Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure (Reg 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

DU006Goods 0B001c from the dual use list.

DU007Goods 0B001d from the dual use list.

DU008Goods 0B001g from the dual use list.

DU009Goods 0B001h from the dual use list.

DU033Goods 1A226 from the dual use list.

DU048Goods 1B228 from the dual use list.

DU404Goods 0B001a from the dual use list.

DU405Goods 0B001b from the dual use list.

DU406Goods 0B001e from the dual use list.

DU407Goods 0B001f from the dual use list.

DU408Goods 0B001i from the dual use list.

DU409Goods 0B001j from the dual use list.

DU410Goods 0B002a from the dual use list.

DU411Goods 0B002b from the dual use list.

DU412Goods 0B002c from the dual use list.

DU414Goods 0B002e from the dual use list.

DU415Goods 0B002f from the dual use list.

DU417Goods 0B004a from the dual use list.

DU418Goods 0B004b from the dual use list.

DU469Goods 1B231a from the dual use list.

DU471Goods 1B233a from the dual use list.

DU472Goods 1B233b from the dual use list.

Iran

Regulation 0267/122025-09-30

1 certificate(s) required

Y750Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Council Regulation (EC) No. 267/2012, Annex II

Import/export not allowed after control

TM01042Article 4 of Regulation (EU) No 267/2012 (consolidated version) It shall be prohibited to purchase, import or transport from Iran, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in Annex II whether the item concerned originates in Iran or not.

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(1)

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU006Goods 0B001c from the dual use list.

DU007Goods 0B001d from the dual use list.

DU008Goods 0B001g from the dual use list.

DU009Goods 0B001h from the dual use list.

DU033Goods 1A226 from the dual use list.

DU046Goods 1B226 from the dual use list.

DU048Goods 1B228 from the dual use list.

DU404Goods 0B001a from the dual use list.

DU405Goods 0B001b from the dual use list.

DU406Goods 0B001e from the dual use list.

DU407Goods 0B001f from the dual use list.

DU408Goods 0B001i from the dual use list.

DU409Goods 0B001j from the dual use list.

DU410Goods 0B002a from the dual use list.

DU411Goods 0B002b from the dual use list.

DU412Goods 0B002c from the dual use list.

DU414Goods 0B002e from the dual use list.

DU415Goods 0B002f from the dual use list.

DU417Goods 0B004a from the dual use list.

DU418Goods 0B004b from the dual use list.

DU469Goods 1B231a from the dual use list.

DU471Goods 1B233a from the dual use list.

DU472Goods 1B233b from the dual use list.

Import prohibition(1)

inherited from 8400000000

North Korea

—Regulation 0285/182018-02-28

TM884Goods from the Annex XIh of Regulation (EU) 2018/285 (Machinery and electrical equipment)

Start date: 1972-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

8401100000: Nuclear reactor

Classification tips

Machinery, apparatus or part for isotopic separation

Typical uses

Isotopic separation

Sample products

Isotopic separation machine

Regulatory notes

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 84

1. For the purposes of subheading 8471 49, the term 'systems' means automatic data-processing machines whose units satisfy the conditions laid down in Note 5(C) to Chapter 84 and which comprise at least a central processing unit, one input unit (for example, a keyboard or a scanner), and one output unit (for example, a visual display unit or a printer). 2. For the purposes of subheading 8471 70 50, a 'CD-ROM drive' means a storage unit of an automatic data-processing machine capable only of reading and reproducing data from CD-ROMs, audio CDs and photo CDs by means of a laser beam. CD-ROM drives may be incorporated (built-in) or may be presented as separate units. 3. For the purposes of subheading 8443 31, 'printing, copying or facsimile machines, whether or not combined' means machines which receive digital data from a connected automatic data processing machine or from a network and generate hard-copy output on paper or similar media; this includes multifunctional digital machines that print, copy, scan and/or fax.

Chapter note

Non-preferential origin

value_added

Nuclear reactors; fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, for nuclear reactors; machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation.

CTH; or 45% value added rule

value_added

Nuclear reactors; fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, for nuclear reactors; machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation.

CTH; or 45% value added rule

Residual rule

Collection of parts: Where a change in classification results from the application of HS General Interpretative Rule 2(a) with respect to collections of parts that are presented as unassembled articles of another heading or subheading the individual parts shall retain their origin prior to such collection Note 2: Assembly of the collection of parts: Goods assembled from a collection of parts classified as the assembled good by application of General Interpretative Rule 2 shall have origin in the country of assembly, provided the assembly would have satisfied the primary rule for the good had each of the parts been presented separately and not as a collection Note 3: Disassembly of goods: A change of classification which results from the disassembly of goods shall not be considered as the change required by the rule set forth in the table of "list rules" .The country of origin of the parts recovered from the goods shall be the country where the parts are recovered, unless the importer, exporter or any person with a justifiable cause to determine the origin of parts demonstrates another country of origin on the basis of verifiable evidence.

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation, and parts thereof (8401200000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation, and parts thereof is 3.700 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation, and parts thereof (8401200000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation, and parts thereof (8401200000)?

Yes, 7 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

What products are classified under code 8401200000?

TARIC code 8401200000 (Machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation, and parts thereof) covers the following products: Isotopic separation machine, Part for isotopic separation apparatus.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

16Section XVI — MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES

8400000000NUCLEAR REACTORS, BOILERS, MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; PARTS THEREOF

8401000000Nuclear reactors; fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, for nuclear reactors; machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation

8401100000Nuclear reactors

8401200000Machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation, and parts thereof

8401300000Fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated 8401400000Parts of nuclear reactors

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty3.700 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

3.700 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-3.7 pp	-3.7 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-3.7 pp	-3.7 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-3.7 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-3.7 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-3.7 ppESA Interim EPA	-3.7 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-3.7 ppSADC EPA	-3.7 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-3.7 pp	-3.7 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-3.7 ppEverything But Arms	-3.7 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-3.7 ppEEA Agreement	-3.7 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

inherited from 8401000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872016-07-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

Import control(6)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0267/122017-04-03

Except:IR(Iran)

3 certificate(s) required

Y949Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure (Reg 267/2012)

C067Other certificates

Import authorisation for restricted goods and technologies (Council Regulation (EU) No 267/2012)

Y069Particular provisions

Goods not consigned from Iran

Import/export not allowed after control

DU006Goods 0B001c from the dual use list.

DU007Goods 0B001d from the dual use list.

DU008Goods 0B001g from the dual use list.

DU009Goods 0B001h from the dual use list.

DU033Goods 1A226 from the dual use list.

DU048Goods 1B228 from the dual use list.

DU404Goods 0B001a from the dual use list.

DU405Goods 0B001b from the dual use list.

DU406Goods 0B001e from the dual use list.

DU407Goods 0B001f from the dual use list.

DU408Goods 0B001i from the dual use list.

DU409Goods 0B001j from the dual use list.

DU410Goods 0B002a from the dual use list.

DU411Goods 0B002b from the dual use list.

DU412Goods 0B002c from the dual use list.

DU414Goods 0B002e from the dual use list.

DU415Goods 0B002f from the dual use list.

DU417Goods 0B004a from the dual use list.

DU418Goods 0B004b from the dual use list.

DU469Goods 1B231a from the dual use list.

DU471Goods 1B233a from the dual use list.

DU472Goods 1B233b from the dual use list.

Iran

Regulation 0267/122025-09-30

1 certificate(s) required

Y949Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure (Reg 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

DU006Goods 0B001c from the dual use list.

DU007Goods 0B001d from the dual use list.

DU008Goods 0B001g from the dual use list.

DU009Goods 0B001h from the dual use list.

DU033Goods 1A226 from the dual use list.

DU048Goods 1B228 from the dual use list.

DU404Goods 0B001a from the dual use list.

DU405Goods 0B001b from the dual use list.

DU406Goods 0B001e from the dual use list.

DU407Goods 0B001f from the dual use list.

DU408Goods 0B001i from the dual use list.

DU409Goods 0B001j from the dual use list.

DU410Goods 0B002a from the dual use list.

DU411Goods 0B002b from the dual use list.

DU412Goods 0B002c from the dual use list.

DU414Goods 0B002e from the dual use list.

DU415Goods 0B002f from the dual use list.

DU417Goods 0B004a from the dual use list.

DU418Goods 0B004b from the dual use list.

DU469Goods 1B231a from the dual use list.

DU471Goods 1B233a from the dual use list.

DU472Goods 1B233b from the dual use list.

Iran

Regulation 0267/122025-09-30

1 certificate(s) required

Y750Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Council Regulation (EC) No. 267/2012, Annex II

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(1)

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU006Goods 0B001c from the dual use list.

DU007Goods 0B001d from the dual use list.

DU008Goods 0B001g from the dual use list.

DU009Goods 0B001h from the dual use list.

DU033Goods 1A226 from the dual use list.

DU046Goods 1B226 from the dual use list.

DU048Goods 1B228 from the dual use list.

DU404Goods 0B001a from the dual use list.

DU405Goods 0B001b from the dual use list.

DU406Goods 0B001e from the dual use list.

DU407Goods 0B001f from the dual use list.

DU408Goods 0B001i from the dual use list.

DU409Goods 0B001j from the dual use list.

DU410Goods 0B002a from the dual use list.

DU411Goods 0B002b from the dual use list.

DU412Goods 0B002c from the dual use list.

DU414Goods 0B002e from the dual use list.

DU415Goods 0B002f from the dual use list.

DU417Goods 0B004a from the dual use list.

DU418Goods 0B004b from the dual use list.

DU469Goods 1B231a from the dual use list.

DU471Goods 1B233a from the dual use list.

DU472Goods 1B233b from the dual use list.

Import prohibition(1)

inherited from 8400000000

North Korea

—Regulation 0285/182018-02-28

TM884Goods from the Annex XIh of Regulation (EU) 2018/285 (Machinery and electrical equipment)

Start date: 1972-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

8401100000: Nuclear reactor

Classification tips

Machinery, apparatus or part for isotopic separation

Typical uses

Isotopic separation

Sample products

Isotopic separation machine

Regulatory notes

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 84

Chapter note

Non-preferential origin

value_added

Nuclear reactors; fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, for nuclear reactors; machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation.

CTH; or 45% value added rule

value_added

Nuclear reactors; fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, for nuclear reactors; machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation.

CTH; or 45% value added rule

Residual rule

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation, and parts thereof (8401200000)?

Are there tariff preferences for Machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation, and parts thereof (8401200000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation, and parts thereof (8401200000)?

Yes, 7 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

What products are classified under code 8401200000?

TARIC code 8401200000 (Machinery and apparatus for isotopic separation, and parts thereof) covers the following products: Isotopic separation machine, Part for isotopic separation apparatus.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

This chapter does not cover: millstones and grindstones of Chapter 68, machinery or appliances of ceramics (Chapter 69), laboratory glassware (heading 7017), articles of base metal of Chapters 73-76 or 78-81, electromechanical domestic appliances of heading 8509, or electromechanical hand tools of heading 8467. Note 2 (Parts): Subject to certain exceptions, parts which are suitable for use solely or principally with a particular kind of machine are classified with that machine; parts equally suitable for two or more machines are classified in heading 8409, 8431, 8448, 8466 or 8473 as appropriate. Note 3 (Composite machines): Composite machines consisting of two or more machines fitted together to form a whole and other machines designed to perform two or more complementary or alternative functions are classified according to the principal function. Note 4 (Multi-function machines): Where a machine or combination of machines performs successive different operations on material, it is classified by the function it performs last. Note 5 defines 'machine tools' for working any material by removal, for heading 8456-8465.

Section noteNotes to Section XVI — Machinery and mechanical appliances; Electrical equipment; Parts thereof; Sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles

1. This Section does not cover: (a) transmission or conveyor belts or belting of plastics of Chapter 39, or of vulcanised rubber (heading 4010), or other articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber, for technical uses (heading 4016); (b) articles of leather or of composition leather (heading 4205) or of furskin (heading 4303), of a kind used in machinery or mechanical appliances or for other technical uses; (c) bobbins, spools, cops, cones, cores, reels or similar supports, of any material (for example, Chapter 39, 40, 44 or Section XV); (d) perforated cards for Jacquard or similar machines (for example, Chapter 39 or 48 or Section XV); (e) transmission or conveyor belts or belting of textile material (heading 5910) or other articles of textile material for technical uses (heading 5911); (f) precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed) of headings 7102 to 7104, or articles wholly of such stones of heading 7116, except unmounted worked sapphires and diamonds for styli (heading 8522); (g) parts of general use, as defined in Note 2 to Section XV, of base metal (Section XV) or similar goods of plastics (Chapter 39); (h) drill pipe (heading 7304); (ij) endless bands of metal wire or strip (Section XV); (k) articles of Chapter 82 or 83; (l) articles of Section XVII; (m) articles of Chapter 90; (n) clocks, watches or other articles of Chapter 91; (o) interchangeable tools of heading 8207 or brushes of a kind used as parts of machines (heading 9603); similar interchangeable tools are to be classified according to the constituent material of their working part; (p) articles of Chapter 95; (q) typewriter or similar ribbons, whether or not on spools or in cartridges (heading 9612), or monopods, bipods, tripods and similar articles of heading 9620. 2. Subject to Note 1 to this Section, Note 1 to Chapter 84 and Note 1 to Chapter 85, parts of machines (not being parts of the articles of heading 8484, 8544, 8545, 8546 or 8547) are to be classified according to the following rules: (a) parts which are goods included in any of the headings of Chapter 84 or 85 (other than headings 8409, 8431, 8448, 8466, 8473, 8487, 8503, 8522, 8529, 8538 and 8548) are in all cases to be classified in their respective headings; (b) other parts, if suitable for use solely or principally with a particular kind of machine, or with a number of machines of the same heading, are to be classified with the machines of that kind or in heading 8409, 8431, 8448, 8466, 8473, 8503, 8522, 8529 or 8538 as appropriate; however, parts which are equally suitable for use principally with the goods of headings 8517 and 8525 to 8528 are to be classified in heading 8517; (c) all other parts are to be classified in heading 8409, 8431, 8448, 8466, 8473, 8503, 8522, 8529 or 8538 as appropriate or, failing that, in heading 8487 or 8548. 3. Unless the context otherwise requires, composite machines consisting of two or more machines fitted together to form a whole and other machines designed for the purpose of performing two or more complementary or alternative functions are to be classified as if consisting only of that component or as being that machine which performs the principal function. 4. Where a machine (including a combination of machines) consists of individual components (whether separate or interconnected by piping, by transmission devices, by electric cables or by other devices) intended to contribute together to a clearly defined function covered by one of the headings in Chapter 84 or Chapter 85, then the whole is to be classified in the heading appropriate to that function. 5. For the purposes of these Notes, the expression 'machine' means any machine, machinery, plant, equipment, apparatus or appliance cited in the headings of Chapter 84 or 85.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€53.69/kg

Export €/kg

€55.11/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,548

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€1.3M	7Kt	€177.13/kg	32.6%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€1.2M	2Kt	€692.74/kg	29.8%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€867K	12Kt	€72.29/kg	22.3%
4	🇨🇳 China	€315K	30Kt	€10.61/kg	8.1%
5	🇹🇷 Turkey	€228K	11Kt	€19.89/kg	5.9%
6	🇮🇸 Iceland	€29K	150	€193.87/kg	0.7%
7	🇿🇦 South Africa	€23K	9Kt	€2.46/kg	0.6%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€96.9M	1.5Mt	€62.74/kg	72.1%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€35.9M	796Kt	€45.08/kg	26.7%
3	🇨🇳 China	€1.3M	5Kt	€240.64/kg	1.0%
4	🇦🇴 AO	€120K	9Kt	€13.08/kg	0.1%
5	🇷🇼 RW	€112K	180	€623.71/kg	0.1%
6	🇧🇷 Brazil	€110K	78Kt	€1.41/kg	0.1%
7	🇵🇭 Philippines	€22K	391	€55.26/kg	0.0%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€53.69/kg

Export €/kg

€55.11/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,548

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€1.3M	7Kt	€177.13/kg	32.6%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€1.2M	2Kt	€692.74/kg	29.8%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€867K	12Kt	€72.29/kg	22.3%
4	🇨🇳 China	€315K	30Kt	€10.61/kg	8.1%
5	🇹🇷 Turkey	€228K	11Kt	€19.89/kg	5.9%
6	🇮🇸 Iceland	€29K	150	€193.87/kg	0.7%
7	🇿🇦 South Africa	€23K	9Kt	€2.46/kg	0.6%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€96.9M	1.5Mt	€62.74/kg	72.1%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€35.9M	796Kt	€45.08/kg	26.7%
3	🇨🇳 China	€1.3M	5Kt	€240.64/kg	1.0%
4	🇦🇴 AO	€120K	9Kt	€13.08/kg	0.1%
5	🇷🇼 RW	€112K	180	€623.71/kg	0.1%
6	🇧🇷 Brazil	€110K	78Kt	€1.41/kg	0.1%
7	🇵🇭 Philippines	€22K	391	€55.26/kg	0.0%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

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