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86Chapter

09Heading

00Subheading

10CN

00TARIC

Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials

VEHICLES, AIRCRAFT, VESSELS AND ASSOCIATED TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT > RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY LOCOMOTIVES, ROLLING STOCK AND PARTS THEREOF; RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY TRACK FIXTURES AND FITTINGS AND PARTS THEREOF; MECHANICAL (INCLUDING ELECTROMECHANICAL) TRAFFIC SIGNALLING EQUIPMENT OF ALL KINDS > Containers (including containers for the transport of fluids) specially designed and equipped for carriage by one or more modes of transport > Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials

Hierarchy

17Section XVII — VEHICLES, AIRCRAFT, VESSELS AND ASSOCIATED TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT

8600000000RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY LOCOMOTIVES, ROLLING STOCK AND PARTS THEREOF; RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY TRACK FIXTURES AND FITTINGS AND PARTS THEREOF; MECHANICAL (INCLUDING ELECTROMECHANICAL) TRAFFIC SIGNALLING EQUIPMENT OF ALL KINDS

8609000000Containers (including containers for the transport of fluids) specially designed and equipped for carriage by one or more modes of transport

8609001000Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials

8609009000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

Preferential rates(46)

+36

Preferential rates - 46 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	—	EEA Agreement	1
GSP Standard2020 0.000 %Generalised Scheme of Preferences	—	Generalised Scheme of Preferences

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 8609000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Supplementary unit(1)

inherited from 8609000000

ERGA OMNES

NARRegulation 2658/872008-01-01

Import control(2)

inherited from 8600000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -fluorinated greenhouse gases(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0573/242025-06-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y152Particular provisions

Exemption from import prohibition, granted for repair or servicing of existing equipment, according to the second paragraph of Article 11.1 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y986Particular provisions

Exemption from import prohibition according to Article 11.1 and 11.2 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y160Particular provisions

Goods other than those falling under the applicable provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y169Particular provisions

Products and equipment, including parts (excluding military and repair exemption) listed in Annex IV containing F-gases or relies upon F-gases not subject to prohibition as imposed by Article 11.1. (Reg 2024/573).

Import/export not allowed after control

CD917By virtue of Article 4(6) of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of fluorinated greenhouse gases shall be prohibited, unless importers provide evidence that any trifluoromethane, produced as a by-product during the production process of the fluorinated greenhouse gases has been destroyed or recovered for subsequent use, using best available techniques. By virtue of Article 11.1. of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of products and equipment, including parts thereof, listed in Annex IV, with an exemption for military equipment, shall be prohibited from the date specified in that Annex. By virtue of Article 11.1 sub paragraph 2 (a)(b), (c) of Regulation (I) 2024/573, the placing on the market of parts of products and equipment required for repair and servicing of existing equipment listed in Annex IV shall be allowed. By virtue of Article 11.3. of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of non-refillable containers for fluorinated greenhouse gases listed in Annex I and in Section 1 of Annex II, empty, or fully or partially filled, shall be prohibited. By virtue of Article 11.4 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, undertakings which place on the market refillable containers for fluorinated greenhouse gases shall produce a declaration of conformity that includes evidence confirming that there are binding arrangements in place for the return of those containers for the purpose of refilling, in particular identifying the relevant actors, their obligatory commitments and the relevant logistical arrangements. By virtue of Article 12 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the following products and equipment that contain fluorinated greenhouse gases or whose functioning relies upon those gases shall only be placed on the market if they are labelled as: (a) refrigeration equipment ; (b) air-conditioning equipment ; (c) heat pumps ; (d) fire protection equipment ; (e) electrical switchgear ; (f) aerosol dispenser that contain fluorinated greenhouse gases, including metered dose inhalers; (g) all fluorinated greenhouse gas containers ; (h) fluorinated greenhouse gas-based solvents ; or (i) organic Rankine cycles. By virtue of Article 16 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of hydrofluorocarbons shall be allowed only to the extent that importers have been allocated quota by the Commission as set out in Article 17. By virtue of Article 19.1 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, heat pumps and metered dose inhalers pre-charged with substances listed in Section 1 of Annex I shall not be placed on the market unless those substances with which the products or equipment have been pre-charged are accounted for within the quota system. By virtue of Article 19.2 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of goods falling under the provisions of Article 19.1 shall be subject to the presentation of a declaration of conformity. By virtue of Article 19.6 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, undertakings that placed on the market less than 10 tonnes of CO2 equivalent of hydrofluorocarbons, per year, contained in the products or equipment referred to in Article 19.1 shall be exempted from the provisions of Article 19. By virtue of Article 20.4 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the undertakings shall have a valid registration in the F-gas Portal prior to carrying out any of the activities listed in points (a) to (g). By virtue of Article 23.3 (a) of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the F-gas Portal registration identification number shall be declared. The information listed in Article 23.3(a) to (d) of Regulation (EU) 2024/573 shall be provided to customs authorities, where relevant, in the customs declaration.

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(1)

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU651Goods 1A006a from the dual use list.

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 8600000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4048Means of transport more than 75 years old

TM570The following shall be prohibited: a) the import of or the introduction into the territory of the Community of, and b) the dealing in, Iraqi cultural property and other items of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific and religious importance, if they have been illegally removed from locations in Iraq, in particular, if: i) the items form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of Iraqi museums, archives or libraries' conservation collection, or the inventories of Iraqi religious institutions, or ii) there exists reasonable suspicion that the goods have been removed from Iraq without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Iraq's laws and regulations. These prohibitions shall not apply if it is shown that either: a) the cultural items were exported from Iraq prior to 6 August 1990; or b) the cultural items are being returned to Iraqi institutions in accordance with the objective of safe return as set out in paragraph 7 of UNSC Resolution 1483 (2003).

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4048Means of transport more than 75 years old

TM572It shall be prohibited to import, export, or transfer Syrian cultural property goods and other goods of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific or religious importance, including those listed in Annex XI of Council Regulation (EU) No 36/2012, where there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the goods have been removed from Syria without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Syrian law or international law, in particular if the goods form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of the conservation collections of Syrian museums, archives or libraries, or the inventories of Syrian religious institutions. The prohibition shall not apply if it is demonstrated that: (a) the goods were exported from Syria prior to 9 May 2011; or (b) the goods are being safely returned to their legitimate owners in Syria.

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 1972-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

8609009000: The container is not described as a lead-covered anti-radiation container for radioactive materials

Classification tips

The container has an anti-radiation lead covering and is for radioactive materials

Typical uses

anti-radiation protection
transport of radioactive materials

Sample products

Lead-covered anti-radiation container for carriage of radioactive materials

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 86 — Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and parts thereof; Railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings and parts thereof; Mechanical (including electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of all kinds

This chapter does not cover: railway or tramway sleepers of wood or concrete (Chapter 44 or 68), railway or tramway track construction material of iron or steel (heading 7302), or electrically powered traffic signalling equipment of heading 8530. The chapter covers all railway and tramway vehicles, from locomotives (diesel, electric or other) to passenger coaches, freight wagons, self-propelled and non-self-propelled vehicles, and parts thereof. It also covers track fixtures and fittings, and mechanical traffic signalling equipment. Containers specially designed for carriage by one or more modes of transport are classified under heading 8609.

Section note

Non-preferential origin

specific

Containers (including containers for the transport of fluids) specially designed and equipped for carriage by one or more modes of transport.

CTH, except from headings 7309 or 7310

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primary rules, the country of origin of the goods shall be the country in which the major portion of the materials originated, as determined on the basis of the value of the materials.

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials (8609001000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials is 0.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials (8609001000)?

Yes, 43 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials (8609001000)?

Yes, 4 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

What products are classified under code 8609001000?

TARIC code 8609001000 (Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials) covers the following products: Lead-covered anti-radiation container for carriage of radioactive materials, Goods container with lead radiation shielding for transport of radioactive materials.

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Hierarchy

17Section XVII — VEHICLES, AIRCRAFT, VESSELS AND ASSOCIATED TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT

8609000000Containers (including containers for the transport of fluids) specially designed and equipped for carriage by one or more modes of transport

8609001000Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials

8609009000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

Preferential rates(46)

+36

Preferential rates - 46 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	—	EEA Agreement	1
GSP Standard2020 0.000 %Generalised Scheme of Preferences	—	Generalised Scheme of Preferences

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 8609000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Supplementary unit(1)

inherited from 8609000000

ERGA OMNES

NARRegulation 2658/872008-01-01

Import control(2)

inherited from 8600000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -fluorinated greenhouse gases(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0573/242025-06-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y152Particular provisions

Exemption from import prohibition, granted for repair or servicing of existing equipment, according to the second paragraph of Article 11.1 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y986Particular provisions

Exemption from import prohibition according to Article 11.1 and 11.2 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y160Particular provisions

Goods other than those falling under the applicable provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y169Particular provisions

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(1)

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU651Goods 1A006a from the dual use list.

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 8600000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4048Means of transport more than 75 years old

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4048Means of transport more than 75 years old

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 1972-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

8609009000: The container is not described as a lead-covered anti-radiation container for radioactive materials

Classification tips

The container has an anti-radiation lead covering and is for radioactive materials

Typical uses

anti-radiation protection
transport of radioactive materials

Sample products

Lead-covered anti-radiation container for carriage of radioactive materials

CJEU Case Law

Regulatory notes

Section note

Non-preferential origin

specific

Containers (including containers for the transport of fluids) specially designed and equipped for carriage by one or more modes of transport.

CTH, except from headings 7309 or 7310

Residual rule

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials (8609001000)?

Are there tariff preferences for Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials (8609001000)?

Yes, 43 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials (8609001000)?

Yes, 4 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

What products are classified under code 8609001000?

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

1. This Section does not cover articles of heading 9503 or 9508, or bobsleighs, toboggans or the like (heading 9506). 2. The expressions 'parts' and 'parts and accessories' do not apply to the following articles, whether or not they are identifiable as being for goods of this Section: (a) joints, washers or the like of any material (classified according to their constituent material or in heading 8484) or other articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber (heading 4016); (b) parts of general use, as defined in Note 2 to Section XV, of base metal (Section XV) or similar goods of plastics (Chapter 39); (c) articles of Chapter 82 (tools); (d) articles of heading 8306; (e) machines or apparatus of headings 8401 to 8479, or parts thereof; articles of heading 8481 or 8482 or, provided they constitute integral parts of engines or motors, articles of heading 8483; (f) electro-mechanical machines and apparatus (headings 8501 or 8502); articles of heading 8511 to 8513; electrical apparatus of heading 8530 or 8531; (g) articles of Chapter 90; (h) articles of Chapter 91; (ij) arms (Chapter 93); (k) lamps or lighting fittings of heading 9405. 3. References in Chapters 86 to 88 to 'parts' or 'accessories' do not apply to parts or accessories which are not suitable for use solely or principally with the articles of those Chapters. A part or accessory which answers to a description in two or more of the headings of those Chapters is to be classified in the heading appropriate to its principal use.

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials (8609001000)?

Non-preferential origin rules for Containers with an anti-radiation lead covering, for the transport of radioactive materials are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

8.9K PST

Exports

€0

16.2K PST

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€12.5K/PST

(€20.42/kg)

Export €/kg

€2.2K/PST

(€2.41/kg)

Market concentration (HHI)

4,570

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€66.3M	1.9Mt	€34.62/kg	64.9%
2	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€16.2M	348Kt	€46.58/kg	15.9%
3	🇰🇿 Kazakhstan	€6.8M	184Kt	€37.12/kg	6.7%
4	🇨🇳 China	€6.2M	1.9Mt	€3.24/kg	6.0%
5	🇿🇦 South Africa	€4.7M	146Kt	€32.20/kg	4.6%
6	🇯🇵 Japan	€1.4M	45Kt	€30.17/kg	1.3%
7	🇨🇦 Canada	€551K	39Kt	€14.11/kg	0.5%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€13.9M	576Kt	€24.09/kg	53.2%
2	🇨🇳 China	€7.9M	8.7Mt	€0.9116/kg	30.4%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€1.9M	399Kt	€4.89/kg	7.5%
4	🇷🇺 Russia	€889K	50Kt	€17.91/kg	3.4%
5	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€623K	91Kt	€6.85/kg	2.4%
6	🇬🇱 GL	€482K	68Kt	€7.13/kg	1.8%
7	🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates	€331K	563Kt	€0.5883/kg	1.3%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

8.9K PST

Exports

€0

16.2K PST

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€12.5K/PST

(€20.42/kg)

Export €/kg

€2.2K/PST

(€2.41/kg)

Market concentration (HHI)

4,570

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€66.3M	1.9Mt	€34.62/kg	64.9%
2	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€16.2M	348Kt	€46.58/kg	15.9%
3	🇰🇿 Kazakhstan	€6.8M	184Kt	€37.12/kg	6.7%
4	🇨🇳 China	€6.2M	1.9Mt	€3.24/kg	6.0%
5	🇿🇦 South Africa	€4.7M	146Kt	€32.20/kg	4.6%
6	🇯🇵 Japan	€1.4M	45Kt	€30.17/kg	1.3%
7	🇨🇦 Canada	€551K	39Kt	€14.11/kg	0.5%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€13.9M	576Kt	€24.09/kg	53.2%
2	🇨🇳 China	€7.9M	8.7Mt	€0.9116/kg	30.4%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€1.9M	399Kt	€4.89/kg	7.5%
4	🇷🇺 Russia	€889K	50Kt	€17.91/kg	3.4%
5	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€623K	91Kt	€6.85/kg	2.4%
6	🇬🇱 GL	€482K	68Kt	€7.13/kg	1.8%
7	🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates	€331K	563Kt	€0.5883/kg	1.3%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis