Hierarchy

17Section XVII — VEHICLES, AIRCRAFT, VESSELS AND ASSOCIATED TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT

8800000000AIRCRAFT, SPACECRAFT, AND PARTS THEREOF

8801000000Balloons and dirigibles; gliders, hang gliders and other non-powered aircraft

8801001000Balloons and dirigibles; gliders and hang gliders

8801001010For civil use 8801001090Other

8801009000Other

Duties & Measures

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	EEA Agreement	1

Supplementary unit(1)

inherited from 8801000000

ERGA OMNES

NARRegulation 1549/062008-01-01

Import control(3)

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-07-20

3 certificate(s) required

Y759Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the Common Military List of the European Union

Y757Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1aa.1 of Council Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1aa.2a)

Y758Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1aa paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 do not apply (see contractual exemptions in article 1aa paragraph 2b)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD966It shall be prohibited to purchase, import or transfer, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in the Common Military List of the European Union (“Common Military List”) into the Union if they originate in Belarus or are exported from Belarus. (Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 - Article 1aa.1)

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -fluorinated greenhouse gases(1)

inherited from 8801000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0573/242025-06-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y152Particular provisions

Exemption from import prohibition, granted for repair or servicing of existing equipment, according to the second paragraph of Article 11.1 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y986Particular provisions

Exemption from import prohibition according to Article 11.1 and 11.2 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y160Particular provisions

Goods other than those falling under the applicable provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y169Particular provisions

Products and equipment, including parts (excluding military and repair exemption) listed in Annex IV containing F-gases or relies upon F-gases not subject to prohibition as imposed by Article 11.1. (Reg 2024/573).

Import/export not allowed after control

CD917By virtue of Article 4(6) of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of fluorinated greenhouse gases shall be prohibited, unless importers provide evidence that any trifluoromethane, produced as a by-product during the production process of the fluorinated greenhouse gases has been destroyed or recovered for subsequent use, using best available techniques. By virtue of Article 11.1. of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of products and equipment, including parts thereof, listed in Annex IV, with an exemption for military equipment, shall be prohibited from the date specified in that Annex. By virtue of Article 11.1 sub paragraph 2 (a)(b), (c) of Regulation (I) 2024/573, the placing on the market of parts of products and equipment required for repair and servicing of existing equipment listed in Annex IV shall be allowed. By virtue of Article 11.3. of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of non-refillable containers for fluorinated greenhouse gases listed in Annex I and in Section 1 of Annex II, empty, or fully or partially filled, shall be prohibited. By virtue of Article 11.4 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, undertakings which place on the market refillable containers for fluorinated greenhouse gases shall produce a declaration of conformity that includes evidence confirming that there are binding arrangements in place for the return of those containers for the purpose of refilling, in particular identifying the relevant actors, their obligatory commitments and the relevant logistical arrangements. By virtue of Article 12 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the following products and equipment that contain fluorinated greenhouse gases or whose functioning relies upon those gases shall only be placed on the market if they are labelled as: (a) refrigeration equipment ; (b) air-conditioning equipment ; (c) heat pumps ; (d) fire protection equipment ; (e) electrical switchgear ; (f) aerosol dispenser that contain fluorinated greenhouse gases, including metered dose inhalers; (g) all fluorinated greenhouse gas containers ; (h) fluorinated greenhouse gas-based solvents ; or (i) organic Rankine cycles. By virtue of Article 16 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of hydrofluorocarbons shall be allowed only to the extent that importers have been allocated quota by the Commission as set out in Article 17. By virtue of Article 19.1 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, heat pumps and metered dose inhalers pre-charged with substances listed in Section 1 of Annex I shall not be placed on the market unless those substances with which the products or equipment have been pre-charged are accounted for within the quota system. By virtue of Article 19.2 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the placing on the market of goods falling under the provisions of Article 19.1 shall be subject to the presentation of a declaration of conformity. By virtue of Article 19.6 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, undertakings that placed on the market less than 10 tonnes of CO2 equivalent of hydrofluorocarbons, per year, contained in the products or equipment referred to in Article 19.1 shall be exempted from the provisions of Article 19. By virtue of Article 20.4 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the undertakings shall have a valid registration in the F-gas Portal prior to carrying out any of the activities listed in points (a) to (g). By virtue of Article 23.3 (a) of Regulation (EU) 2024/573, the F-gas Portal registration identification number shall be declared. The information listed in Article 23.3(a) to (d) of Regulation (EU) 2024/573 shall be provided to customs authorities, where relevant, in the customs declaration.

Import control -luxury goods(1)

inherited from 8801000000

North Korea

Regulation 2062/172018-02-01

3 certificate(s) required

Y945Particular provisions

Travellers' personal effects or goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y946Particular provisions

Goods necessary for the official purposes of diplomatic or consular missions of Member States in the DPRK or international organisations enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, or to the personal effects of their staff (Art 10.3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y948Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in Annex VIII (Luxury goods) of Reg. (EU) 2017/1509

Import/export not allowed after control

CD203The prohibition shall not apply to travellers' personal effects or to goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

CD223The prohibition shall not apply to goods which are necessary for the official purposes of diplomatic or consular missions of Member States in the DPRK or of international organisations enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, or to the personal effects of their staff (Art 10.3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509).

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

TM684Goods from the list of luxury goods referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(2)

Iran

Regulation 0267/122017-10-23

1 certificate(s) required

Y966Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the MG footnotes linked to the measure (Missile Technology Control Regime list - Annex III of Reg. (EU) 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD971Annex III (MG footnotes) shall list the items, including goods and technology, contained in the Missile Technology Control Regime list (Council regulation 267/2012).

CD985If the goods declared are described in footnote "MG" linked to the measure (article 4a, article 4c of the Council regulation 267/2012): It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in Annex III or any other item that the Member State determines could contribute to the development of nuclear weapon delivery systems, whether or not originating in the Union, to any Iranian person, entity or body or for use in Iran. It shall be prohibited to purchase, import or transport from Iran, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in Annex III whether the item concerned originates in Iran or not.

MG709M1A2, M19A, M9A6

Russia

Decision 0512/142014-09-06

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import not allowed

TM679Arms and related materiel of all types, including weapons and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment, and spare parts for the aforementioned.

TM839The import, purchase or transport of arms and related materiel of all types, including weapons and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment, and spare parts therefor, from Russia by nationals of Member States or using their flag vessels or aircraft, shall be prohibited (COUNCIL DECISION 2014/512/CFSP of 31 July 2014). The prohibitions shall be without prejudice to the execution of contracts or agreements concluded before 1 August 2014, and to the provision of spare parts and services necessary to the maintenance and safety of existing capabilities within the Union.

Import/export restriction -Common Military List(1)

Russia

Regulation 0833/142025-07-20

2 certificate(s) required

Y759Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the Common Military List of the European Union

Y692Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 4 paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 4 paragraph 2)

Import/export not allowed after control

TM01028It shall be prohibited to: (a) export, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in the Common Military List of the European Union, whether or not originating in the Union, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Russia or for use in Russia; (b) import, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in the Common Military List into the Union if they originate in Russia or are exported from Russia.

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 8800000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4048Means of transport more than 75 years old

TM570The following shall be prohibited: a) the import of or the introduction into the territory of the Community of, and b) the dealing in, Iraqi cultural property and other items of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific and religious importance, if they have been illegally removed from locations in Iraq, in particular, if: i) the items form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of Iraqi museums, archives or libraries' conservation collection, or the inventories of Iraqi religious institutions, or ii) there exists reasonable suspicion that the goods have been removed from Iraq without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Iraq's laws and regulations. These prohibitions shall not apply if it is shown that either: a) the cultural items were exported from Iraq prior to 6 August 1990; or b) the cultural items are being returned to Iraqi institutions in accordance with the objective of safe return as set out in paragraph 7 of UNSC Resolution 1483 (2003).

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4048Means of transport more than 75 years old

TM572It shall be prohibited to import, export, or transfer Syrian cultural property goods and other goods of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific or religious importance, including those listed in Annex XI of Council Regulation (EU) No 36/2012, where there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the goods have been removed from Syria without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Syrian law or international law, in particular if the goods form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of the conservation collections of Syrian museums, archives or libraries, or the inventories of Syrian religious institutions. The prohibition shall not apply if it is demonstrated that: (a) the goods were exported from Syria prior to 9 May 2011; or (b) the goods are being safely returned to their legitimate owners in Syria.

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 2007-01-01

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 88 — Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof

This chapter covers aircraft (heavier-than-air and lighter-than-air), spacecraft (including satellites), suborbital and spacecraft launch vehicles, and their parts. For the purposes of heading 8801, 'gliders' include hang gliders. Heading 8802 covers all powered aircraft (aeroplanes, helicopters) and spacecraft. Heading 8803 covers parts of goods of headings 8801 or 8802. The chapter does not cover goods of heading 9506 (parachutes for sport use), nor unmanned aircraft designed primarily for recreational purposes (heading 9503). Military aircraft and spacecraft are classified in this chapter, not in Chapter 93.

Section note

Non-preferential origin

value_added

Balloons and dirigibles; gliders, hang gliders and other non-powered aircraft.

CTH, except from heading 8807; or 45% value added rule

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primary rules, the country of origin of the goods shall be the country in which the major portion of the materials originated, as determined on the basis of the value of the materials.

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

Are there tariff preferences for Balloons and dirigibles; gliders and hang gliders (8801001000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Balloons and dirigibles; gliders and hang gliders (8801001000)?

Yes, 7 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Balloons and dirigibles; gliders and hang gliders (8801001000)?

Non-preferential origin rules for Balloons and dirigibles; gliders and hang gliders are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

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Hierarchy

17Section XVII — VEHICLES, AIRCRAFT, VESSELS AND ASSOCIATED TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT

8800000000AIRCRAFT, SPACECRAFT, AND PARTS THEREOF

8801000000Balloons and dirigibles; gliders, hang gliders and other non-powered aircraft

8801001000Balloons and dirigibles; gliders and hang gliders

8801001010For civil use 8801001090Other

8801009000Other

Duties & Measures

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	EEA Agreement	1

Supplementary unit(1)

inherited from 8801000000

ERGA OMNES

NARRegulation 1549/062008-01-01

Import control(3)

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-07-20

3 certificate(s) required

Y759Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the Common Military List of the European Union

Y757Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1aa.1 of Council Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1aa.2a)

Y758Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1aa paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 do not apply (see contractual exemptions in article 1aa paragraph 2b)

Import/export not allowed after control

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -fluorinated greenhouse gases(1)

inherited from 8801000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0573/242025-06-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y152Particular provisions

Exemption from import prohibition, granted for repair or servicing of existing equipment, according to the second paragraph of Article 11.1 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y986Particular provisions

Exemption from import prohibition according to Article 11.1 and 11.2 of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y160Particular provisions

Goods other than those falling under the applicable provisions of Regulation (EU) 2024/573

Y169Particular provisions

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -luxury goods(1)

inherited from 8801000000

North Korea

Regulation 2062/172018-02-01

3 certificate(s) required

Y945Particular provisions

Travellers' personal effects or goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y946Particular provisions

Y948Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in Annex VIII (Luxury goods) of Reg. (EU) 2017/1509

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

TM684Goods from the list of luxury goods referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(2)

Iran

Regulation 0267/122017-10-23

1 certificate(s) required

Y966Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the MG footnotes linked to the measure (Missile Technology Control Regime list - Annex III of Reg. (EU) 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD971Annex III (MG footnotes) shall list the items, including goods and technology, contained in the Missile Technology Control Regime list (Council regulation 267/2012).

MG709M1A2, M19A, M9A6

Russia

Decision 0512/142014-09-06

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import not allowed

TM679Arms and related materiel of all types, including weapons and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment, and spare parts for the aforementioned.

Import/export restriction -Common Military List(1)

Russia

Regulation 0833/142025-07-20

2 certificate(s) required

Y759Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the Common Military List of the European Union

Y692Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 4 paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 4 paragraph 2)

Import/export not allowed after control

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 8800000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4048Means of transport more than 75 years old

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4048Means of transport more than 75 years old

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 2007-01-01

Trade Statistics

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 88 — Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof

Section note

Non-preferential origin

value_added

Balloons and dirigibles; gliders, hang gliders and other non-powered aircraft.

CTH, except from heading 8807; or 45% value added rule

Residual rule

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

Are there tariff preferences for Balloons and dirigibles; gliders and hang gliders (8801001000)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Balloons and dirigibles; gliders and hang gliders (8801001000)?

Yes, 7 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Balloons and dirigibles; gliders and hang gliders (8801001000)?

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

1. This Section does not cover articles of heading 9503 or 9508, or bobsleighs, toboggans or the like (heading 9506). 2. The expressions 'parts' and 'parts and accessories' do not apply to the following articles, whether or not they are identifiable as being for goods of this Section: (a) joints, washers or the like of any material (classified according to their constituent material or in heading 8484) or other articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber (heading 4016); (b) parts of general use, as defined in Note 2 to Section XV, of base metal (Section XV) or similar goods of plastics (Chapter 39); (c) articles of Chapter 82 (tools); (d) articles of heading 8306; (e) machines or apparatus of headings 8401 to 8479, or parts thereof; articles of heading 8481 or 8482 or, provided they constitute integral parts of engines or motors, articles of heading 8483; (f) electro-mechanical machines and apparatus (headings 8501 or 8502); articles of heading 8511 to 8513; electrical apparatus of heading 8530 or 8531; (g) articles of Chapter 90; (h) articles of Chapter 91; (ij) arms (Chapter 93); (k) lamps or lighting fittings of heading 9405. 3. References in Chapters 86 to 88 to 'parts' or 'accessories' do not apply to parts or accessories which are not suitable for use solely or principally with the articles of those Chapters. A part or accessory which answers to a description in two or more of the headings of those Chapters is to be classified in the heading appropriate to its principal use.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

573.5K PST

Exports

€0

218.8K PST

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€61.03/PST

(€69.60/kg)

Export €/kg

€330.17/PST

(€110.39/kg)

Market concentration (HHI)

2,672

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€10.7M	52Kt	€207.43/kg	34.9%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€10.0M	70Kt	€142.49/kg	32.4%
3	🇯🇵 Japan	€4.3M	184Kt	€23.54/kg	14.1%
4	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€4.2M	33Kt	€129.12/kg	13.7%
5	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€1.3M	15Kt	€87.03/kg	4.2%
6	🇨🇳 China	€223K	9Kt	€25.36/kg	0.7%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€19.0M	124Kt	€153.20/kg	38.9%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€8.2M	70Kt	€117.56/kg	16.9%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€7.4M	40Kt	€185.83/kg	15.2%
4	🇲🇦 Morocco	€6.5M	83Kt	€78.78/kg	13.4%
5	🇹🇷 Turkey	€4.7M	58Kt	€81.23/kg	9.7%
6	🇪🇬 Egypt	€2.9M	35Kt	€82.51/kg	6.0%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

573.5K PST

Exports

€0

218.8K PST

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€61.03/PST

(€69.60/kg)

Export €/kg

€330.17/PST

(€110.39/kg)

Market concentration (HHI)

2,672

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€10.7M	52Kt	€207.43/kg	34.9%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€10.0M	70Kt	€142.49/kg	32.4%
3	🇯🇵 Japan	€4.3M	184Kt	€23.54/kg	14.1%
4	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€4.2M	33Kt	€129.12/kg	13.7%
5	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€1.3M	15Kt	€87.03/kg	4.2%
6	🇨🇳 China	€223K	9Kt	€25.36/kg	0.7%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€19.0M	124Kt	€153.20/kg	38.9%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€8.2M	70Kt	€117.56/kg	16.9%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€7.4M	40Kt	€185.83/kg	15.2%
4	🇲🇦 Morocco	€6.5M	83Kt	€78.78/kg	13.4%
5	🇹🇷 Turkey	€4.7M	58Kt	€81.23/kg	9.7%
6	🇪🇬 Egypt	€2.9M	35Kt	€82.51/kg	6.0%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

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