Hierarchy

18Section XVIII — OPTICAL, PHOTOGRAPHIC, CINEMATOGRAPHIC, MEASURING, CHECKING, PRECISION, MEDICAL OR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS

9100000000CLOCKS AND WATCHES AND PARTS THEREOF

9113000000Watch straps, watch bands and watch bracelets, and parts thereof

9113900000Other

9113900011Of leather or of composition leather

9113900011Hand-made

9113900019Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty6.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

6.000 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-6.0 pp	-6.0 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-6.0 pp	-6.0 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-6.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-6.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-6.0 ppESA Interim EPA	-6.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-6.0 ppSADC EPA	-6.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-6.0 pp	-6.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-6.0 ppEverything But Arms	-6.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-6.0 ppEEA Agreement	-6.0 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 9100000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Non-preferential tariff quota(1)

Certain handicraft products2301

0.000 %1Regulation 0032/002026-01-01

1 certificate(s) required

A014Certificate of authenticity

Certificate of authenticity HANDI

Measure not applicable

CD001Eligibility to benefit from this tariff quota is subject to the presentation of a certificate, recognised by the competent Community authorities, attesting that the products concerned are hand-made (R|2000/0032 - OJ No L 5).

TM589The following shall be considered hand-made products: (a) cottage industry products made entirely by hand; (b) cottage industry products which have the character of products made by hand; (c) garments or other textile products obtained manually from fabrics woven on looms operated solely by hand or foot and essentially sewn by hand or sewn by sewing-machines operated solely by hand or foot.

Import control(2)

inherited from 9100000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -CITES(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0966/232023-05-20

2 certificate(s) required

C400Other certificates

Presentation of the required "CITES" certificate

Y900Particular provisions

Declared goods do not belong to the Washington Convention (CITES)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD370If the product is mentioned in the list annexed to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 and its last amendments, an import authorization must be presented.

Import control -cat and dog fur(1)

inherited from 9113900000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1523/072011-01-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y922Particular provisions

Other than cats and dogs fur as mentioned by Regulation (EC) No 1523/2007 (OJ L 343)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD568The placing on the market and the import to, or export from, the Community of cat and dog fur, and products containing such fur is prohibited (see Art. 3 Regulation (EC) No 1523/2007).

Import control -luxury goods(1)

inherited from 9113000000

North Korea

Regulation 2062/172018-02-01

2 certificate(s) required

Y945Particular provisions

Travellers' personal effects or goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y946Particular provisions

Goods necessary for the official purposes of diplomatic or consular missions of Member States in the DPRK or international organisations enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, or to the personal effects of their staff (Art 10.3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD203The prohibition shall not apply to travellers' personal effects or to goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

CD223The prohibition shall not apply to goods which are necessary for the official purposes of diplomatic or consular missions of Member States in the DPRK or of international organisations enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, or to the personal effects of their staff (Art 10.3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509).

TM684Goods from the list of luxury goods referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509

Import control -seal products(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1850/152015-10-18

4 certificate(s) required

C679Other certificates

Attesting Document (seal product), issued by a recognised body in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 737/2010 prior to 18 October 2015

C680Other certificates

Written notification of import and document giving evidence where the products were acquired (seal product)

C683Other certificates

European Union - Attesting document for seal products resulting from hunt by Inuit or other indigenous communities for placing on the Union's market in accordance with Article 3 (1) of Regulation (EC) No 1007/2009 on trade in seal products

Y032Particular provisions

Other goods than those seal products mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2015/1850 (OJ L 271)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD603Seal products may only be placed on the market when they are accompanied by an attesting document (for commercial use) or a written notification of import (for personal use) and a document giving evidence where the products were acquired (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1850 (OJ L 271)).

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 9100000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4055Clocks and watches and parts thereof, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

TM570The following shall be prohibited: a) the import of or the introduction into the territory of the Community of, and b) the dealing in, Iraqi cultural property and other items of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific and religious importance, if they have been illegally removed from locations in Iraq, in particular, if: i) the items form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of Iraqi museums, archives or libraries' conservation collection, or the inventories of Iraqi religious institutions, or ii) there exists reasonable suspicion that the goods have been removed from Iraq without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Iraq's laws and regulations. These prohibitions shall not apply if it is shown that either: a) the cultural items were exported from Iraq prior to 6 August 1990; or b) the cultural items are being returned to Iraqi institutions in accordance with the objective of safe return as set out in paragraph 7 of UNSC Resolution 1483 (2003).

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4055Clocks and watches and parts thereof, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

TM572It shall be prohibited to import, export, or transfer Syrian cultural property goods and other goods of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific or religious importance, including those listed in Annex XI of Council Regulation (EU) No 36/2012, where there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the goods have been removed from Syria without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Syrian law or international law, in particular if the goods form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of the conservation collections of Syrian museums, archives or libraries, or the inventories of Syrian religious institutions. The prohibition shall not apply if it is demonstrated that: (a) the goods were exported from Syria prior to 9 May 2011; or (b) the goods are being safely returned to their legitimate owners in Syria.

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 2011-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

9113900019: Watch straps or parts thereof not of leather or composition leather

Classification tips

Hand-made watch straps or parts thereof of leather or composition leather

Typical uses

Watch strap, watch band, watch bracelet or part thereof

Sample products

Hand-made leather watch strap

Regulatory notes

NENC9113

Watch straps, watch bands and watch bracelets, and parts thereof This heading covers all kinds of watch straps, watch bands and watch bracelets used for fastening all kinds of watches to the wrist (see also the Harmonised System Explanatory Notes to heading 9113 ). This includes straps, bands and bracelets for: The classification at the subheading level is determined by their constituent material. Straps, bands and bracelets consisting of different materials are classified according to the constituent material which gives them the essential character within the meaning of general rule 3 (b).

Chapter noteChapter 91 — Clocks and watches and parts thereof

This chapter does not cover: clock or watch glasses or weights (classified by material), watch chains (heading 7113 or 7117), parts of general use as defined in Note 2 to Section XV, ball bearings (heading 8482), or articles of Chapter 85 not yet assembled into watch or clock movements. Heading 9101 covers wrist-watches, pocket-watches and other watches with cases of precious metal or clad with precious metal. Heading 9102 covers similar watches with other cases. A 'watch movement' is a device regulated by a balance-wheel and hairspring, a quartz crystal or any other system, with a thickness not exceeding 12 mm measured from the base plate to the furthest point, and a width not exceeding 50 mm. A 'clock movement' means a device regulated as above but not meeting the dimensional limits of a watch movement.

Non-preferential origin

specific

Other watch straps etc.

CTH

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Hand-made (9113900011)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Hand-made is 6.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Hand-made (9113900011)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Hand-made (9113900011)?

Yes, 6 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Hand-made (9113900011)?

8 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 9113900011?

TARIC code 9113900011 (Hand-made) covers the following products: Hand-made leather watch strap, Hand-made composition-leather watch strap part.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

18Section XVIII — OPTICAL, PHOTOGRAPHIC, CINEMATOGRAPHIC, MEASURING, CHECKING, PRECISION, MEDICAL OR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS

9100000000CLOCKS AND WATCHES AND PARTS THEREOF

9113000000Watch straps, watch bands and watch bracelets, and parts thereof

9113900000Other

9113900011Of leather or of composition leather

9113900011Hand-made

9113900019Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty6.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

6.000 %

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-6.0 pp	-6.0 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-6.0 pp	-6.0 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-6.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-6.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-6.0 ppESA Interim EPA	-6.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-6.0 ppSADC EPA	-6.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-6.0 pp	-6.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-6.0 ppEverything But Arms	-6.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-6.0 ppEEA Agreement	-6.0 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 9100000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Non-preferential tariff quota(1)

Certain handicraft products2301

0.000 %1Regulation 0032/002026-01-01

1 certificate(s) required

A014Certificate of authenticity

Certificate of authenticity HANDI

Measure not applicable

Import control(2)

inherited from 9100000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -CITES(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 0966/232023-05-20

2 certificate(s) required

C400Other certificates

Presentation of the required "CITES" certificate

Y900Particular provisions

Declared goods do not belong to the Washington Convention (CITES)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD370If the product is mentioned in the list annexed to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 and its last amendments, an import authorization must be presented.

Import control -cat and dog fur(1)

inherited from 9113900000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1523/072011-01-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y922Particular provisions

Other than cats and dogs fur as mentioned by Regulation (EC) No 1523/2007 (OJ L 343)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD568The placing on the market and the import to, or export from, the Community of cat and dog fur, and products containing such fur is prohibited (see Art. 3 Regulation (EC) No 1523/2007).

Import control -luxury goods(1)

inherited from 9113000000

North Korea

Regulation 2062/172018-02-01

2 certificate(s) required

Y945Particular provisions

Travellers' personal effects or goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y946Particular provisions

Import/export not allowed after control

TM684Goods from the list of luxury goods referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509

Import control -seal products(1)

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1850/152015-10-18

4 certificate(s) required

C679Other certificates

Attesting Document (seal product), issued by a recognised body in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 737/2010 prior to 18 October 2015

C680Other certificates

Written notification of import and document giving evidence where the products were acquired (seal product)

C683Other certificates

Y032Particular provisions

Other goods than those seal products mentioned in Regulation (EU) 2015/1850 (OJ L 271)

Import/export not allowed after control

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 9100000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4055Clocks and watches and parts thereof, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4055Clocks and watches and parts thereof, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 2011-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

9113900019: Watch straps or parts thereof not of leather or composition leather

Classification tips

Hand-made watch straps or parts thereof of leather or composition leather

Typical uses

Watch strap, watch band, watch bracelet or part thereof

Sample products

Hand-made leather watch strap

Associated BTIs

Regulatory notes

NENC9113

Chapter noteChapter 91 — Clocks and watches and parts thereof

Non-preferential origin

specific

Other watch straps etc.

CTH

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Hand-made (9113900011)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Hand-made is 6.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Hand-made (9113900011)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Hand-made (9113900011)?

Yes, 6 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Hand-made (9113900011)?

8 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 9113900011?

TARIC code 9113900011 (Hand-made) covers the following products: Hand-made leather watch strap, Hand-made composition-leather watch strap part.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Section noteNotes to Section XVIII — Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments and apparatus; Clocks and watches; Musical instruments; Parts and accessories thereof

1. This Section does not cover: (a) articles of a kind used in machines, appliances or for other technical uses, of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber (heading 4016), of leather or of composition leather (heading 4205) or of textile material (heading 5911); (b) supporting belts or other support articles of textile material whose intended effect on the organ to be supported or held derives solely from their elasticity (for example, maternity belts, thoracic support bandages, abdominal support bandages, supports for joints or muscles) (Section XI); (c) refractory goods of heading 6903; ceramics for laboratory, chemical or other technical uses of heading 6909; (d) glass mirrors, not optically worked, of heading 7009, or mirrors of base metal or of precious metal, not being optical elements (heading 8306 or Chapter 71); (e) goods of heading 7007, 7008, 7011, 7014, 7015 or 7017; (f) parts of general use, as defined in Note 2 to Section XV, of base metal (Section XV) or similar goods of plastics (Chapter 39); however, articles specially designed for use exclusively as parts of specific instruments or apparatus are excluded from this category; (g) pumps, compressors and fans (heading 8413, 8414 or 8421); (h) weighing machinery (heading 8423); lifting machinery (headings 8425 to 8428); (ij) paper- or paperboard-cutting machines (heading 8441); fittings for adjusting work or tools on machine tools or water-jet cutting machines, of heading 8466, including fittings with optical devices for reading scales (e.g. 'optical' dividing heads) but not those which are in themselves essentially optical instruments (e.g. alignment telescopes); (k) articles of Chapter 95. 2. Subject to Note 1 above, parts and accessories for machines, apparatus, instruments or articles of this Section are to be classified according to the following rules: (a) parts and accessories which are goods included in any of the headings of this Section or of Section XV, XVI or XVII are in all cases to be classified in their respective headings; (b) other parts and accessories, if suitable for use solely or principally with a particular kind of machine, instrument or apparatus, or with a number of machines, instruments or apparatus of the same heading, are to be classified with the machines, instruments or apparatus of that kind; (c) all other parts and accessories are to be classified in heading 9033.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€175.98/kg

Export €/kg

€912.39/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

4,538

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€420.1M	3.8Mt	€111.00/kg	61.1%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€190.6M	115Kt	€1.7K/kg	27.7%
3	🇹🇼 Taiwan	€31.2M	76Kt	€409.66/kg	4.5%
4	🇲🇬 MG	€18.9M	20Kt	€966.03/kg	2.8%
5	🇹🇳 Tunisia	€16.4M	22Kt	€737.98/kg	2.4%
6	🇮🇳 India	€6.4M	18Kt	€350.13/kg	0.9%
7	🇭🇰 Hong Kong	€3.8M	21Kt	€182.86/kg	0.6%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€491.7M	380Kt	€1.3K/kg	68.1%
2	🇨🇳 China	€107.3M	68Kt	€1.6K/kg	14.9%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€56.8M	51Kt	€1.1K/kg	7.9%
4	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€35.4M	129Kt	€275.06/kg	4.9%
5	🇯🇵 Japan	€31.0M	21Kt	€1.5K/kg	4.3%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€175.98/kg

Export €/kg

€912.39/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

4,538

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€420.1M	3.8Mt	€111.00/kg	61.1%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€190.6M	115Kt	€1.7K/kg	27.7%
3	🇹🇼 Taiwan	€31.2M	76Kt	€409.66/kg	4.5%
4	🇲🇬 MG	€18.9M	20Kt	€966.03/kg	2.8%
5	🇹🇳 Tunisia	€16.4M	22Kt	€737.98/kg	2.4%
6	🇮🇳 India	€6.4M	18Kt	€350.13/kg	0.9%
7	🇭🇰 Hong Kong	€3.8M	21Kt	€182.86/kg	0.6%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€491.7M	380Kt	€1.3K/kg	68.1%
2	🇨🇳 China	€107.3M	68Kt	€1.6K/kg	14.9%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€56.8M	51Kt	€1.1K/kg	7.9%
4	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€35.4M	129Kt	€275.06/kg	4.9%
5	🇯🇵 Japan	€31.0M	21Kt	€1.5K/kg	4.3%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis