Hierarchy

20Section XX — MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED ARTICLES

9400000000FURNITURE; BEDDING, MATTRESSES, MATTRESS SUPPORTS, CUSHIONS AND SIMILAR STUFFED FURNISHINGS; LUMINAIRES AND LIGHTING FITTINGS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED; ILLUMINATED SIGNS, ILLUMINATED NAMEPLATES AND THE LIKE; PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS

9401000000Seats (other than those of heading|9402), whether or not convertible into beds, and parts thereof

9401410000Seats other than garden seats or camping equipment, convertible into beds

9401410000Of wood

9401490000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

Preferential rates(46)

+36

Preferential rates - 46 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	—	EEA Agreement	1
GSP Standard2020 0.000 %Generalised Scheme of Preferences	—	Generalised Scheme of Preferences

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 9400000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872022-01-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

EU003According to The Special Provisions of Section II (A) (3) of the Preliminary Provisions of the Combined Nomenclature the suspension of customs duties for goods for certain categories of ships, boats and other vessels and for drilling or production platforms shall be subject to conditions laid down in the relevant provisions of the European Union with a view to customs control of the use of such goods.

TM5101. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of goods intended for incorporation in the ships, boats or other vessels classified at the following CN codes 8901 10 10; 8901 20 10; 8901 30 10; 8901 90 10; 8902 00 10; 8903 91 10; 8903 92 10; 8904 00 10; 8904 00 91; 8905 10 10; 8905 90 10; 8906 10 00; 8906 90 10 for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for fitting to or equipping such ships, boats or other vessels. 2. Customs duties shall be suspended in respect of: (a) goods intended for incorporation in drilling or production platforms: (1) fixed, of subheading ex 8430 49, operating in or outside the territorial sea of Member States, or (2) floating or submersible, of subheading 8905 20, for the purposes of their construction, repair, maintenance or conversion, and in respect of goods intended for equipping the said platforms. (b) tubes, pipes, cables and their connection pieces, linking these drilling or production platforms to the mainland.

Import control(4)

inherited from 9401000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-02-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y727Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 3)

Y728Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 4)

L152Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 1ra paragraph 10 of Council Regulation (EU) 765/2006

Y870Particular provisions

Goods entered the territory of the customs union of the EU and presented to customs authorities prior to the entry into force or to applicability date of the present sanction, whichever is latest (see Article 8f of Regulation (EU) No 765/2006)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD925It shall be prohibited to purchase, import, or transfer into the Union, directly or indirectly, goods which allow Belarus to diversify its sources of revenue, thereby enabling its involvement in the Russian aggression against Ukraine, as listed in Annex XXVII, if they originate in Belarus or are exported from Belarus. Article 1ra - Regulation (EU) 765/2006 (COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2024/1865)

Russia

Regulation 0833/142023-12-19

4 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

CD875It shall be prohibited to purchase, import, or transfer, directly or indirectly, goods which generate significant revenues for Russia thereby enabling its actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine, as listed in Annex XXI into the Union if they originate in Russia or are exported from Russia. With regard to the goods listed in Part B of Annex XXI, the prohibitions in paragraph 1 shall not apply to the execution until 8 January 2023 of contracts concluded before 7 October 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1, the competent authorities may authorise the purchase, import or transfer of the goods listed in Annex XXI, or the provision of related technical and financial assistance, under such conditions as they deem appropriate, after having determined that this is necessary for the establishment, operation, maintenance, fuel supply and retreatment and safety of civil nuclear capabilities, and the continuation of design, construction and commissioning required for the completion of civil nuclear facilities, the supply of precursor material for the production of medical radioisotopes and similar medical applications, or critical technology for environmental radiation monitoring, as well as for civil nuclear cooperation, in particular in the field of research and development. Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 - Article 3i (Council regulation (EU) 2022/576)

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -cat and dog fur(1)

inherited from 9401000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1523/072009-08-15

1 certificate(s) required

Y922Particular provisions

Other than cats and dogs fur as mentioned by Regulation (EC) No 1523/2007 (OJ L 343)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD568The placing on the market and the import to, or export from, the Community of cat and dog fur, and products containing such fur is prohibited (see Art. 3 Regulation (EC) No 1523/2007).

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 9400000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4052Furniture, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

TM570The following shall be prohibited: a) the import of or the introduction into the territory of the Community of, and b) the dealing in, Iraqi cultural property and other items of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific and religious importance, if they have been illegally removed from locations in Iraq, in particular, if: i) the items form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of Iraqi museums, archives or libraries' conservation collection, or the inventories of Iraqi religious institutions, or ii) there exists reasonable suspicion that the goods have been removed from Iraq without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Iraq's laws and regulations. These prohibitions shall not apply if it is shown that either: a) the cultural items were exported from Iraq prior to 6 August 1990; or b) the cultural items are being returned to Iraqi institutions in accordance with the objective of safe return as set out in paragraph 7 of UNSC Resolution 1483 (2003).

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4052Furniture, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

TM572It shall be prohibited to import, export, or transfer Syrian cultural property goods and other goods of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific or religious importance, including those listed in Annex XI of Council Regulation (EU) No 36/2012, where there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the goods have been removed from Syria without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Syrian law or international law, in particular if the goods form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of the conservation collections of Syrian museums, archives or libraries, or the inventories of Syrian religious institutions. The prohibition shall not apply if it is demonstrated that: (a) the goods were exported from Syria prior to 9 May 2011; or (b) the goods are being safely returned to their legitimate owners in Syria.

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 2022-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

9401410000: The convertible seat is of wood.

Classification tips

The convertible seat is not of wood.

Typical uses

convertible into beds

Sample products

Sofa bed, convertible into a bed, not for garden or camping use, not of wood

Regulatory notes

NENC9401

Seats (other than those of heading 9402 ), whether or not convertible into beds, and parts thereof This heading includes sets of a table and chairs, where the table is designed for other purposes than dining while sitting on the seats (chairs, stools, deck-chairs, armchairs, couches etc.). Generally, these tables are too small for dining and they are inferior to the seats e.g. in size. Consequently, the seats give the set its essential character within the meaning of GIR 3(b). (See also the CN Explanatory Notes to heading 9403 ). Examples of sets falling under heading 9401 : For the purposes of this heading, any reference to bamboo applies only to vegetable materials of heading 1401 . On the other hand, for the purposes of this heading, any reference to wood or wooden applies also to bamboo plates of heading 4412 . (See also note 1(b) and note 6 to Chapter 44).

Chapter noteChapter 94 — Furniture; Bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings; Luminaires and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or included; Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like; Prefabricated buildings

Non-preferential origin

specific

Seats for aircraft

CTH or change from subheading 940190 if part originating

specific

Seats for motor vehicles

CTH or change from subheading 940190 if part originating

specific

Swivel seats with height adjustment

CTH or change from subheading 940190 if part originating

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (9401490000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 0.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (9401490000)?

Yes, 43 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (9401490000)?

Yes, 5 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (9401490000)?

3 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 9401490000?

TARIC code 9401490000 (Other) covers the following products: Sofa bed, convertible into a bed, not for garden or camping use, not of wood, Convertible armchair with bed function, excluding garden and camping equipment, not of wood.

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Hierarchy

20Section XX — MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED ARTICLES

9401000000Seats (other than those of heading|9402), whether or not convertible into beds, and parts thereof

9401410000Seats other than garden seats or camping equipment, convertible into beds

9401410000Of wood

9401490000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

Preferential rates(46)

+36

Preferential rates - 46 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	—	EEA Agreement	1
GSP Standard2020 0.000 %Generalised Scheme of Preferences	—	Generalised Scheme of Preferences

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 9400000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Suspension -ships, vessels & drilling platforms(1)

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 2658/872022-01-01

1 certificate(s) required

C990Other certificates

End use authorisation ships and platforms (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Measure not applicable

Import control(4)

inherited from 9401000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-02-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y727Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 3)

Y728Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 4)

L152Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 1ra paragraph 10 of Council Regulation (EU) 765/2006

Y870Particular provisions

Import/export not allowed after control

Russia

Regulation 0833/142023-12-19

4 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -cat and dog fur(1)

inherited from 9401000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 1523/072009-08-15

1 certificate(s) required

Y922Particular provisions

Other than cats and dogs fur as mentioned by Regulation (EC) No 1523/2007 (OJ L 343)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD568The placing on the market and the import to, or export from, the Community of cat and dog fur, and products containing such fur is prohibited (see Art. 3 Regulation (EC) No 1523/2007).

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 9400000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4052Furniture, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4052Furniture, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 2022-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

9401410000: The convertible seat is of wood.

Classification tips

The convertible seat is not of wood.

Typical uses

convertible into beds

Sample products

Sofa bed, convertible into a bed, not for garden or camping use, not of wood

Associated BTIs

CJEU Case Law

Regulatory notes

NENC9401

Non-preferential origin

specific

Seats for aircraft

CTH or change from subheading 940190 if part originating

specific

Seats for motor vehicles

CTH or change from subheading 940190 if part originating

specific

Swivel seats with height adjustment

CTH or change from subheading 940190 if part originating

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (9401490000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 0.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (9401490000)?

Yes, 43 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (9401490000)?

Yes, 5 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (9401490000)?

3 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 9401490000?

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

For the purposes of this chapter, the term 'furniture' means any movable article (not included in other more specific headings of the Nomenclature) which is designed for placing on the floor or ground and is used for equipping private dwellings, hotels, offices, schools, churches, shops, laboratories, hospitals, or other establishments, including gardens and theatres. Note 2 specifies that articles referred to in headings 9401 to 9403 are to be classified in those headings only if designed for placing on the floor or ground. The chapter also covers lamps and lighting fittings (heading 9405) not elsewhere specified, including chandeliers, table lamps, bedside lamps and garden lamps. Mattresses, sleeping bags and similar bedding articles are covered regardless of filling material. Prefabricated buildings (heading 9406) means buildings which are finished in the factory or supplied as sets of elements to be assembled on site.

Section noteNotes to Section XX — Miscellaneous manufactured articles

1. This Section does not cover: (a) articles of plastics, of heading 3924 or 3926, or articles of rubber (heading 4014 or 4015), or of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber (heading 4017); (b) handbags or other articles of heading 4202; (c) articles of straw, esparto or other plaiting materials (heading 4601 or 4602); (d) wall coverings of heading 4814; (e) goods of Section XI (textiles and textile articles); (f) goods of Section XII (footwear, headgear, umbrellas); (g) articles of Chapter 82 or 83 (base metal articles, tools, cutlery); (h) articles of Section XVI (machinery and electrical equipment); (ij) articles of Section XVII (vehicles, aircraft, vessels); (k) articles of Section XVIII (instruments, clocks, musical instruments); (l) articles of Chapter 95 (toys, games, sports requisites, except where indicated otherwise); (m) articles of Chapter 97 (works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques). 2. References in headings 9401 to 9406 to articles or parts of articles of a particular material are to be taken as including articles or parts of articles consisting of a combination of materials (e.g. furniture made of both wood and metal). However, these headings are not to be taken as applying to goods of a kind described in other headings that are more specific.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€2.95/kg

Export €/kg

€5.85/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,003

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€185.0M	55.3Mt	€3.34/kg	42.0%
2	🇹🇷 Turkey	€119.7M	44.7Mt	€2.68/kg	27.2%
3	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€91.5M	37.9Mt	€2.42/kg	20.8%
4	🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina	€34.0M	12.9Mt	€2.63/kg	7.7%
5	🇲🇰 North Macedonia	€10.0M	2.1Mt	€4.74/kg	2.3%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€133.3M	25.2Mt	€5.28/kg	49.9%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€93.5M	15.5Mt	€6.05/kg	35.0%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€19.8M	2.4Mt	€8.39/kg	7.4%
4	🇳🇴 Norway	€10.3M	1.5Mt	€6.68/kg	3.9%
5	🇮🇱 Israel	€10.0M	1.9Mt	€5.32/kg	3.7%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€2.95/kg

Export €/kg

€5.85/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,003

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€185.0M	55.3Mt	€3.34/kg	42.0%
2	🇹🇷 Turkey	€119.7M	44.7Mt	€2.68/kg	27.2%
3	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€91.5M	37.9Mt	€2.42/kg	20.8%
4	🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina	€34.0M	12.9Mt	€2.63/kg	7.7%
5	🇲🇰 North Macedonia	€10.0M	2.1Mt	€4.74/kg	2.3%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€133.3M	25.2Mt	€5.28/kg	49.9%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€93.5M	15.5Mt	€6.05/kg	35.0%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€19.8M	2.4Mt	€8.39/kg	7.4%
4	🇳🇴 Norway	€10.3M	1.5Mt	€6.68/kg	3.9%
5	🇮🇱 Israel	€10.0M	1.9Mt	€5.32/kg	3.7%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis