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94Chapter

05Heading

61Subheading

20CN

10TARIC

Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED ARTICLES > FURNITURE; BEDDING, MATTRESSES, MATTRESS SUPPORTS, CUSHIONS AND SIMILAR STUFFED FURNISHINGS; LUMINAIRES AND LIGHTING FITTINGS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED; ILLUMINATED SIGNS, ILLUMINATED NAMEPLATES AND THE LIKE; PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS > Luminaires and lighting fittings including searchlights and spotlights and parts thereof, not elsewhere specified or included; illuminated signs, illuminated nameplates and the like, having a permanently fixed light source, and parts thereof not elsewhere specified or included > Illuminated signs, illuminated nameplates and the like > Designed for use solely with light-emitting diode (LED) light sources > Of plastics > Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft

Hierarchy

20Section XX — MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED ARTICLES

9400000000FURNITURE; BEDDING, MATTRESSES, MATTRESS SUPPORTS, CUSHIONS AND SIMILAR STUFFED FURNISHINGS; LUMINAIRES AND LIGHTING FITTINGS, NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED; ILLUMINATED SIGNS, ILLUMINATED NAMEPLATES AND THE LIKE; PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS

9405000000Luminaires and lighting fittings including searchlights and spotlights and parts thereof, not elsewhere specified or included; illuminated signs, illuminated nameplates and the like, having a permanently fixed light source, and parts thereof not elsewhere specified or included

9405610000Illuminated signs, illuminated nameplates and the like

9405610000Designed for use solely with light-emitting diode (LED) light sources

9405612000Of plastics

9405612010Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

1 certificate(s) required

N990UN/EDIFACT certificate

EUS - Authorisation for the use of end use procedure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Declared subheading not allowed

Footnotes

TN100Entry under this subheading is subject to the conditions laid down in the relevant provisions of the European Union (see Article 254 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013).

Preferential rates(58)

+48

Preferential rates - 58 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %	—	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	—	EEA Agreement	1

Airworthiness tariff suspension(1)

inherited from 9405000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 1517/182018-11-01

1 certificate(s) required

C119Other certificates

Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate

Measure not applicable

CD333The autonomous Common Customs Tariff duties laid down in Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 for parts, components and other goods of a kind to be incorporated in or used for aircraft and parts thereof in the course of their manufacture, repair, maintenance, rebuilding, modification or conversion is suspended. In order to benefit from the suspension, the declarant shall present to the customs authorities an Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1, as set out in Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, or an equivalent certificate. The certificates which are deemed to be equivalent to Authorised Release Certificates are listed in Annex II to the Regulation (EU) 2018/1517.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 9400000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Import control(4)

inherited from 9405000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-02-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y727Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 3)

Y728Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 4)

L152Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 1ra paragraph 10 of Council Regulation (EU) 765/2006

Y870Particular provisions

Goods entered the territory of the customs union of the EU and presented to customs authorities prior to the entry into force or to applicability date of the present sanction, whichever is latest (see Article 8f of Regulation (EU) No 765/2006)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD925It shall be prohibited to purchase, import, or transfer into the Union, directly or indirectly, goods which allow Belarus to diversify its sources of revenue, thereby enabling its involvement in the Russian aggression against Ukraine, as listed in Annex XXVII, if they originate in Belarus or are exported from Belarus. Article 1ra - Regulation (EU) 765/2006 (COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2024/1865)

Russia

Regulation 0833/142026-04-24

5 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

Y683Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3i)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

CD868It shall be prohibited to purchase, import, or transfer, directly or indirectly, goods which generate significant revenues for Russia thereby enabling its actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine, as listed in Annex XXI into the Union if they originate in Russia or are exported from Russia. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1, the competent authorities may authorise the purchase, import or transfer of the goods listed in Annex XXI, or the provision of related technical and financial assistance, under such conditions as they deem appropriate, after having determined that this is necessary for the establishment, operation, maintenance, fuel supply and retreatment and safety of civil nuclear capabilities, and the continuation of design, construction and commissioning required for the completion of civil nuclear facilities, the supply of precursor material for the production of medical radioisotopes and similar medical applications, or critical technology for environmental radiation monitoring, as well as for civil nuclear cooperation, in particular in the field of research and development. Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 - Article 3i (Council regulation (EU) 2022/576)

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 9400000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4052Furniture, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

TM570The following shall be prohibited: a) the import of or the introduction into the territory of the Community of, and b) the dealing in, Iraqi cultural property and other items of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific and religious importance, if they have been illegally removed from locations in Iraq, in particular, if: i) the items form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of Iraqi museums, archives or libraries' conservation collection, or the inventories of Iraqi religious institutions, or ii) there exists reasonable suspicion that the goods have been removed from Iraq without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Iraq's laws and regulations. These prohibitions shall not apply if it is shown that either: a) the cultural items were exported from Iraq prior to 6 August 1990; or b) the cultural items are being returned to Iraqi institutions in accordance with the objective of safe return as set out in paragraph 7 of UNSC Resolution 1483 (2003).

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4052Furniture, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

TM572It shall be prohibited to import, export, or transfer Syrian cultural property goods and other goods of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific or religious importance, including those listed in Annex XI of Council Regulation (EU) No 36/2012, where there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the goods have been removed from Syria without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Syrian law or international law, in particular if the goods form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of the conservation collections of Syrian museums, archives or libraries, or the inventories of Syrian religious institutions. The prohibition shall not apply if it is demonstrated that: (a) the goods were exported from Syria prior to 9 May 2011; or (b) the goods are being safely returned to their legitimate owners in Syria.

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 2022-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

9405612090: not for use in civil aircraft

Classification tips

for use in civil aircraft

Typical uses

illuminated sign or illuminated nameplate

Sample products

Illuminated LED sign of plastics, for use in civil aircraft only

Regulatory notes

Chapter noteChapter 94 — Furniture; Bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings; Luminaires and lighting fittings, not elsewhere specified or included; Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like; Prefabricated buildings

For the purposes of this chapter, the term 'furniture' means any movable article (not included in other more specific headings of the Nomenclature) which is designed for placing on the floor or ground and is used for equipping private dwellings, hotels, offices, schools, churches, shops, laboratories, hospitals, or other establishments, including gardens and theatres. Note 2 specifies that articles referred to in headings 9401 to 9403 are to be classified in those headings only if designed for placing on the floor or ground. The chapter also covers lamps and lighting fittings (heading 9405) not elsewhere specified, including chandeliers, table lamps, bedside lamps and garden lamps. Mattresses, sleeping bags and similar bedding articles are covered regardless of filling material. Prefabricated buildings (heading 9406) means buildings which are finished in the factory or supplied as sets of elements to be assembled on site.

Non-preferential origin

split_heading

Luminaires and lighting fittings including searchlights and spotlights and parts thereof, not elsewhere specified or included; illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, having a permanently fixed light source, and parts thereof not elsewhere specified or included.

As specified for split headings.

specific

As specified for split headings.

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primary rules, the country of origin of the goods shall be the country in which the major portion of the materials originated, as determined on the basis of the value of the materials.

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft (9405612010)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft is 0.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft (9405612010)?

Yes, 55 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft (9405612010)?

Yes, 4 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

What products are classified under code 9405612010?

TARIC code 9405612010 (Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft) covers the following products: Illuminated LED sign of plastics, for use in civil aircraft only, Illuminated nameplate of plastics with permanently fixed LED light source, for use in civil aircraft.

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Hierarchy

20Section XX — MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED ARTICLES

9405610000Illuminated signs, illuminated nameplates and the like

9405610000Designed for use solely with light-emitting diode (LED) light sources

9405612000Of plastics

9405612010Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

1 certificate(s) required

N990UN/EDIFACT certificate

EUS - Authorisation for the use of end use procedure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Declared subheading not allowed

Footnotes

TN100Entry under this subheading is subject to the conditions laid down in the relevant provisions of the European Union (see Article 254 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013).

Preferential rates(58)

+48

Preferential rates - 58 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %	—	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	—	EEA Agreement	1

Airworthiness tariff suspension(1)

inherited from 9405000000

ERGA OMNES

0.000 %1Regulation 1517/182018-11-01

1 certificate(s) required

C119Other certificates

Authorised Release Certificate — EASA Form 1 (Appendix I to Annex I to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012), or equivalent certificate

Measure not applicable

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 9400000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Import control(4)

inherited from 9405000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-02-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y727Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 3)

Y728Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 4)

L152Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 1ra paragraph 10 of Council Regulation (EU) 765/2006

Y870Particular provisions

Import/export not allowed after control

Russia

Regulation 0833/142026-04-24

5 certificate(s) required

L142Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 3i paragraph 3c of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y874Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3aa)

Y683Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 3i.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 3i.3i)

L143Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 12b.2 of Council Regulation (EU) 833/2014

Y859Particular provisions

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 9400000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4052Furniture, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4052Furniture, between 50 and 100 years old, other than those covered by the additional codes 4008, 4010, 4011, 4013, 4023, 4040 - 4048

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 2022-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

9405612090: not for use in civil aircraft

Classification tips

for use in civil aircraft

Typical uses

illuminated sign or illuminated nameplate

Sample products

Illuminated LED sign of plastics, for use in civil aircraft only

Regulatory notes

Non-preferential origin

split_heading

As specified for split headings.

specific

As specified for split headings.

Residual rule

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft (9405612010)?

Are there tariff preferences for Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft (9405612010)?

Yes, 55 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft (9405612010)?

Yes, 4 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

What products are classified under code 9405612010?

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

1. This Section does not cover: (a) articles of plastics, of heading 3924 or 3926, or articles of rubber (heading 4014 or 4015), or of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber (heading 4017); (b) handbags or other articles of heading 4202; (c) articles of straw, esparto or other plaiting materials (heading 4601 or 4602); (d) wall coverings of heading 4814; (e) goods of Section XI (textiles and textile articles); (f) goods of Section XII (footwear, headgear, umbrellas); (g) articles of Chapter 82 or 83 (base metal articles, tools, cutlery); (h) articles of Section XVI (machinery and electrical equipment); (ij) articles of Section XVII (vehicles, aircraft, vessels); (k) articles of Section XVIII (instruments, clocks, musical instruments); (l) articles of Chapter 95 (toys, games, sports requisites, except where indicated otherwise); (m) articles of Chapter 97 (works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques). 2. References in headings 9401 to 9406 to articles or parts of articles of a particular material are to be taken as including articles or parts of articles consisting of a combination of materials (e.g. furniture made of both wood and metal). However, these headings are not to be taken as applying to goods of a kind described in other headings that are more specific.

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft (9405612010)?

Non-preferential origin rules for Illuminated signs, illuminated name-plates and the like, for use in civil aircraft are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€18.79/kg

Export €/kg

€43.29/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

6,592

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€143.0M	8.8Mt	€16.19/kg	80.5%
2	🇹🇷 Turkey	€14.7M	732Kt	€20.06/kg	8.3%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€9.6M	53Kt	€179.65/kg	5.4%
4	🇲🇾 Malaysia	€5.6M	237Kt	€23.65/kg	3.2%
5	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€3.1M	88Kt	€35.05/kg	1.7%
6	🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates	€1.7M	52Kt	€32.12/kg	0.9%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€47.0M	887Kt	€52.98/kg	35.7%
2	🇳🇴 Norway	€29.3M	892Kt	€32.81/kg	22.3%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€24.1M	653Kt	€36.93/kg	18.3%
4	🇺🇸 United States	€18.7M	342Kt	€54.68/kg	14.2%
5	🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates	€12.5M	195Kt	€63.91/kg	9.5%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€18.79/kg

Export €/kg

€43.29/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

6,592

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€143.0M	8.8Mt	€16.19/kg	80.5%
2	🇹🇷 Turkey	€14.7M	732Kt	€20.06/kg	8.3%
3	🇺🇸 United States	€9.6M	53Kt	€179.65/kg	5.4%
4	🇲🇾 Malaysia	€5.6M	237Kt	€23.65/kg	3.2%
5	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€3.1M	88Kt	€35.05/kg	1.7%
6	🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates	€1.7M	52Kt	€32.12/kg	0.9%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€47.0M	887Kt	€52.98/kg	35.7%
2	🇳🇴 Norway	€29.3M	892Kt	€32.81/kg	22.3%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€24.1M	653Kt	€36.93/kg	18.3%
4	🇺🇸 United States	€18.7M	342Kt	€54.68/kg	14.2%
5	🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates	€12.5M	195Kt	€63.91/kg	9.5%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis