Hierarchy

2000000000PREPARATIONS OF VEGETABLES, FRUIT, NUTS OR OTHER PARTS OF PLANTS

2007000000Jams, fruit jellies, marmalades, fruit or nut purée and fruit or nut pastes, obtained by cooking, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter

2007910000Other

2007990000Other

2007991000With a sugar content exceeding 30|% by weight

2007993100Other

2007993985Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty24.000 % + 23.000 EUR DTN

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

24.000 % + 23.000 EUR DTN

Preferential rates(54)

+44

Preferential rates - 54 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-24.0 pp	-24.0 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-24.0 pp	-24.0 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-24.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-24.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-24.0 ppESA Interim EPA	-24.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-24.0 ppSADC EPA	-24.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-24.0 pp	-24.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-24.0 ppEverything But Arms	-24.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area - Iceland2014 0.000 %-24.0 pp	-24.0 pp	—	1

Additional duties(3)

inherited from 2000000000

ERGA OMNES

50.000 %1Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

Except:BY(Belarus)RU(Russia)

1 certificate(s) required

Y155Particular provisions50.000 %

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Belarus

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Russia

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 2000000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Preferential tariff quota(8)

inherited from 2007993900

Central America2200

0.000 %1Regulation 0924/132026-01-01

EU-Central America Association Agreement(since 2013)

Except:PA(Panama)

6 member countries

CRCosta RicaSVEl SalvadorGTGuatemalaHNHondurasNINicaraguaPAPanama

1 certificate(s) required

E017Export certificate from country of origin

Export certificate issued by the competent authorities of a third country

Measure not applicable

CD834Importations under the tariff-rate quotas shall be subject to the presentation of an export certificate issued by the competent authority of the relevant Republic of the CA Party

Chile

0.000 %Regulation 0184/252026-01-01

EU-Chile Association Agreement(since 2003)

Supplementary unit (import)(2)

inherited from 2007993900

Central America2200

KGM SRegulation 0924/132013-08-01

EU-Central America Association Agreement(since 2013)

6 member countries

CRCosta RicaSVEl SalvadorGTGuatemalaHNHondurasNINicaraguaPAPanama

TM824Raw sugar of the standard quality shall be sugar with a yield in white sugar of 92 per cent.

Ecuador

KGM SRegulation 0754/172017-01-01

EU-Andean Trade Agreement (Ecuador accession)(since 2017)

TM824Raw sugar of the standard quality shall be sugar with a yield in white sugar of 92 per cent.

Entry into free circulation (feed & food restriction)(1)

Chernobyl restriction countries2038

Regulation 0256/242024-02-07

3 certificate(s) required

C678Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Feed and Food of Non-Animal Origin (CHED-D) (as set out in Part 2, Section D of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y854Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1158.

Y855Particular provisions

Exemption from import restrictions by virtue of Article 1(2) of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1158 (Chernobyl accident).

Import/export not allowed after control

CD760The release for free circulation shall be subject to the presentation of a duly finalised Common Health Entry Document (CHED), as provided for in Article 57(2)(b) of Regulation (EU) 2017/625, which confirms that the consignment is in compliance with the applicable rules referred to in Article 1(2) of that Regulation.

TM966According to Article 1(2) of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1158: This Regulation shall not apply to the following categories of consignments of the products, unless their gross weight exceeds 10|kg of fresh product or 2|kg of dry product: (a) consignments sent as trade samples, laboratory samples or as display items for exhibitions, which are not intended to be placed on the market; (b) consignments which form part of passengers’ personal luggage and are intended for personal consumption or use; (c) non-commercial consignments sent to natural persons which are not intended to be placed on the market; (d) consignments intended for scientific purposes. In case of doubt on the intended use of the products referred to in points (b) and (c), the burden of proof lies with the owner of the personal luggage and with the recipient of the consignment, respectively.

Import control(2)

inherited from 2000000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -organic products(1)

inherited from 2000000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 2306/212022-01-01

Except:IS(Iceland)NO(Norway)LI(Liechtenstein)CH(Switzerland)

2 certificate(s) required

C644Other certificates

Certificate of inspection for organic products

Y929Particular provisions

Goods not concerned by Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (organic products)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD808If goods bear a reference to organic production in the labelling, advertising material or accompanying documents of products, the declarant must submit a certificate of inspection (C644) at import in accordance with Article 45(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (release for free circulation). For products not covered by Regulation (EU) 2018/848, certificate Y929 has to be declared. These provisions shall apply in addition to the rules regarding the use of the Common Health Entry Document (CHED) by the competent authorities at border control posts in accordance with Article 56(3), point (b)(i), of Regulation (EU) 2017/625 and at control points in accordance with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/2123 and with the rules on decisions on consignments laid down in Article 55 of Regulation (EU) 2017/625.

Start date: 2013-03-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

2007993980: Containing less than 70 % by weight of sugar

Classification tips

Sugar content of 70 % by weight or more

Typical uses

fruit or nut purée; fruit or nut paste

Sample products

Fruit purée obtained by cooking, sugar content 70 % by weight or more

Regulatory notes

NENC20072007 10 10 to 2007 10 99

Jams, fruit jellies, marmalades, fruit or nut purée and fruit or nut pastes, obtained by cooking, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter See note 5 to this chapter, as regards ‘obtained by cooking’. See additional note 2(a) to this chapter, as regards ‘sugar content’. Homogenised preparations See subheading note 2 to this chapter.

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 20

1. For the purposes of this chapter, the 'sugar content' corresponds to the figure indicated by a refractometer (used in accordance with the method prescribed in Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) No 974/2014) at a temperature of 20 degrees C and multiplied by 0.95 or, in the case of products of subheading 2009 (fruit juices), by the factor 0.93. 2. For the purposes of subheading 2001 90 and 2005 99, 'sweet corn' (Zea mays var. saccharata) means preparations of corn with a sugar content determined on a dry basis of at least 30 % by weight. 3. For the purposes of subheadings 2006 00 31, 2006 00 35, 2006 00 38, 2006 00 91, 2006 00 95 and 2006 00 99, the 'sugar content' means the sucrose content determined by the refractometric method. 4. The Brix value of fruit juices of heading 2009 is the Brix value as read on the refractometer at 20 degrees C. It indicates the percentage by weight of soluble dry matter (predominantly sugars).

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

Jams, fruit jellies, marmalades, fruit or nut purée and fruit or nut pastes, obtained by cooking, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter.

CTH

tariff_shift

Jams, fruit jellies, marmalades, fruit or nut purée and fruit or nut pastes, obtained by cooking, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter.

CTH

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primar y rules and the other

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (2007993985)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 24.000 % + 23.000 EUR DTN. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (2007993985)?

Yes, 53 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (2007993985)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (2007993985)?

7 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 2007993985?

TARIC code 2007993985 (Other) covers the following products: Fruit purée obtained by cooking, sugar content 70 % by weight or more, Fruit paste obtained by cooking, sugar content 70 % by weight or more.

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Hierarchy

04Section IV — PREPARED FOODSTUFFS

2000000000PREPARATIONS OF VEGETABLES, FRUIT, NUTS OR OTHER PARTS OF PLANTS

2007000000Jams, fruit jellies, marmalades, fruit or nut purée and fruit or nut pastes, obtained by cooking, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter

2007910000Other

2007990000Other

2007991000With a sugar content exceeding 30|% by weight

2007993100Other

2007993985Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty24.000 % + 23.000 EUR DTN

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

24.000 % + 23.000 EUR DTN

Preferential rates(54)

+44

Preferential rates - 54 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-24.0 pp	-24.0 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-24.0 pp	-24.0 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-24.0 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-24.0 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-24.0 ppESA Interim EPA	-24.0 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-24.0 ppSADC EPA	-24.0 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-24.0 pp	-24.0 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-24.0 ppEverything But Arms	-24.0 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area - Iceland2014 0.000 %-24.0 pp	-24.0 pp	—	1

Additional duties(3)

inherited from 2000000000

ERGA OMNES

50.000 %1Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

Except:BY(Belarus)RU(Russia)

1 certificate(s) required

Y155Particular provisions50.000 %

Products exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or Belarus

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Belarus

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Russia

50.000 %Regulation 1227/252025-07-20

TM01026In case the goods are exported directly or indirectly from the Russian Federation or from Belarus, the additional customs duty based on Council Regulation (EU) 2025/1227 is applied.

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 2000000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Preferential tariff quota(8)

inherited from 2007993900

Central America2200

0.000 %1Regulation 0924/132026-01-01

EU-Central America Association Agreement(since 2013)

Except:PA(Panama)

6 member countries

CRCosta RicaSVEl SalvadorGTGuatemalaHNHondurasNINicaraguaPAPanama

1 certificate(s) required

E017Export certificate from country of origin

Export certificate issued by the competent authorities of a third country

Measure not applicable

CD834Importations under the tariff-rate quotas shall be subject to the presentation of an export certificate issued by the competent authority of the relevant Republic of the CA Party

Chile

0.000 %Regulation 0184/252026-01-01

EU-Chile Association Agreement(since 2003)

Supplementary unit (import)(2)

inherited from 2007993900

Central America2200

KGM SRegulation 0924/132013-08-01

EU-Central America Association Agreement(since 2013)

6 member countries

CRCosta RicaSVEl SalvadorGTGuatemalaHNHondurasNINicaraguaPAPanama

TM824Raw sugar of the standard quality shall be sugar with a yield in white sugar of 92 per cent.

Ecuador

KGM SRegulation 0754/172017-01-01

EU-Andean Trade Agreement (Ecuador accession)(since 2017)

TM824Raw sugar of the standard quality shall be sugar with a yield in white sugar of 92 per cent.

Entry into free circulation (feed & food restriction)(1)

Chernobyl restriction countries2038

Regulation 0256/242024-02-07

3 certificate(s) required

C678Other certificates

Common Health Entry Document for Feed and Food of Non-Animal Origin (CHED-D) (as set out in Part 2, Section D of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1715 (OJ L 261))

Y854Particular provisions

The declared goods are not concerned by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1158.

Y855Particular provisions

Exemption from import restrictions by virtue of Article 1(2) of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1158 (Chernobyl accident).

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control(2)

inherited from 2000000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -organic products(1)

inherited from 2000000000

ERGA OMNES

Regulation 2306/212022-01-01

Except:IS(Iceland)NO(Norway)LI(Liechtenstein)CH(Switzerland)

2 certificate(s) required

C644Other certificates

Certificate of inspection for organic products

Y929Particular provisions

Goods not concerned by Regulation (EU) 2018/848 (organic products)

Import/export not allowed after control

Start date: 2013-03-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

2007993980: Containing less than 70 % by weight of sugar

Classification tips

Sugar content of 70 % by weight or more

Typical uses

fruit or nut purée; fruit or nut paste

Sample products

Fruit purée obtained by cooking, sugar content 70 % by weight or more

Associated BTIs

Regulatory notes

NENC20072007 10 10 to 2007 10 99

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 20

Non-preferential origin

tariff_shift

Jams, fruit jellies, marmalades, fruit or nut purée and fruit or nut pastes, obtained by cooking, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter.

CTH

tariff_shift

Jams, fruit jellies, marmalades, fruit or nut purée and fruit or nut pastes, obtained by cooking, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter.

CTH

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primar y rules and the other

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (2007993985)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 24.000 % + 23.000 EUR DTN. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (2007993985)?

Yes, 53 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (2007993985)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (2007993985)?

7 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 2007993985?

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Keywords

fruit paste · fruit purée · jam · obtained by cooking · fruit or nut purée; fruit or nut paste · sugar content of 70 % by weight or more

Chapter noteChapter 20 — Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants

1. This chapter does not cover: (a) vegetables, fruit or nuts, prepared or preserved by the processes specified in Chapter 7, 8 or 11; (b) food preparations containing more than 20% by weight of sausage, meat, meat offal, blood, fish or crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates, or any combination thereof (Chapter 16); (c) bakery products and other products of heading 1905; (d) homogenised composite food preparations of heading 2104. 2. Headings 2007 and 2008 do not apply to fruit jellies, fruit pastes, sugar-coated almonds or the like in the form of sugar confectionery (heading 1704) or chocolate confectionery (heading 1806). 3. Headings 2001, 2004 and 2005 cover, as the case may be, only those products of Chapter 7 or of heading 1105 or 1106 which have been prepared or preserved by processes other than those referred to in Note 1(a). 4. Tomato juice, the dry weight content of which is 7% or more, is to be classified in heading 2002.

Section noteNotes to Section IV — Prepared foodstuffs; Beverages, spirits and vinegar; Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes

1. In this Section the term 'pellets' means products which have been agglomerated either directly by compression or by the addition of a binder in a proportion not exceeding 3 % by weight. 2. The expression 'food preparations' in this Section, unless the context otherwise requires, means preparations classified in headings 1601 to 2106.

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Other (2007993985)?

Non-preferential origin rules for Other are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€1.92/kg

Export €/kg

€3.68/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,183

Moderate

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€22.3M	7.0Mt	€3.16/kg	27.9%
2	🇨🇱 Chile	€19.0M	15.9Mt	€1.20/kg	23.8%
3	🇹🇷 Turkey	€17.9M	7.4Mt	€2.44/kg	22.5%
4	🇽🇸 XS	€10.4M	4.6Mt	€2.26/kg	13.0%
5	🇿🇦 South Africa	€10.3M	8.3Mt	€1.23/kg	12.9%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€474.6M	97.0Mt	€4.89/kg	62.1%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€158.9M	44.3Mt	€3.59/kg	20.8%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€48.3M	12.4Mt	€3.91/kg	6.3%
4	🇨🇦 Canada	€41.8M	9.2Mt	€4.52/kg	5.5%
5	🇦🇺 Australia	€40.9M	11.8Mt	€3.48/kg	5.4%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

+€0

Import €/kg

€1.92/kg

Export €/kg

€3.68/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,183

Moderate

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€22.3M	7.0Mt	€3.16/kg	27.9%
2	🇨🇱 Chile	€19.0M	15.9Mt	€1.20/kg	23.8%
3	🇹🇷 Turkey	€17.9M	7.4Mt	€2.44/kg	22.5%
4	🇽🇸 XS	€10.4M	4.6Mt	€2.26/kg	13.0%
5	🇿🇦 South Africa	€10.3M	8.3Mt	€1.23/kg	12.9%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€474.6M	97.0Mt	€4.89/kg	62.1%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€158.9M	44.3Mt	€3.59/kg	20.8%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€48.3M	12.4Mt	€3.91/kg	6.3%
4	🇨🇦 Canada	€41.8M	9.2Mt	€4.52/kg	5.5%
5	🇦🇺 Australia	€40.9M	11.8Mt	€3.48/kg	5.4%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis