Overview TARIC Nomenclature Classification Guide BTI EU Classification Rulings CJEU Case Law - Tariff Classification Market Intelligence Origin of Goods Export Control CBAM Calculator EUDR Checker ClassifyAI SH Customs Value Incoterms® 2020

85Chapter

17Heading

69Subheading

90CN

00TARIC

Other

MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES > ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT AND PARTS THEREOF; SOUND RECORDERS AND REPRODUCERS, TELEVISION IMAGE AND SOUND RECORDERS AND REPRODUCERS, AND PARTS AND ACCESSORIES OF SUCH ARTICLES > Telephone sets, including smartphones and other telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks; other apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local or wide area network), other than transmission or reception apparatus of heading 8443 , 8525 , 8527 or 8528 > Other apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local or wide area network) > Other > Other

Hierarchy

16Section XVI — MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES

8500000000ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT AND PARTS THEREOF; SOUND RECORDERS AND REPRODUCERS, TELEVISION IMAGE AND SOUND RECORDERS AND REPRODUCERS, AND PARTS AND ACCESSORIES OF SUCH ARTICLES

8517000000Telephone sets, including smartphones and other telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks; other apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local or wide area network), other than transmission or reception apparatus of heading 8443 , 8525 , 8527 or 8528

8517610000Other apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local or wide area network)

8517690000Other

8517691000Videophones 8517692000Entry-phone systems 8517693000Reception apparatus for radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy

8517699000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

Preferential rates(43)

+33

Preferential rates - 43 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	—	EEA Agreement	1
GSP+2027 0.000 %GSP+ Enhanced Arrangement	—	GSP+ Enhanced Arrangement

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 8500000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Import control(6)

inherited from 8517000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-07-20

3 certificate(s) required

Y759Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the Common Military List of the European Union

Y757Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1aa.1 of Council Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1aa.2a)

Y758Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1aa paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 do not apply (see contractual exemptions in article 1aa paragraph 2b)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD966It shall be prohibited to purchase, import or transfer, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in the Common Military List of the European Union (“Common Military List”) into the Union if they originate in Belarus or are exported from Belarus. (Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 - Article 1aa.1)

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-02-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y727Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 3)

Y728Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 4)

L152Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 1ra paragraph 10 of Council Regulation (EU) 765/2006

Y870Particular provisions

Goods entered the territory of the customs union of the EU and presented to customs authorities prior to the entry into force or to applicability date of the present sanction, whichever is latest (see Article 8f of Regulation (EU) No 765/2006)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD925It shall be prohibited to purchase, import, or transfer into the Union, directly or indirectly, goods which allow Belarus to diversify its sources of revenue, thereby enabling its involvement in the Russian aggression against Ukraine, as listed in Annex XXVII, if they originate in Belarus or are exported from Belarus. Article 1ra - Regulation (EU) 765/2006 (COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2024/1865)

Import control -luxury goods(1)

inherited from 8517690000

North Korea

Regulation 2062/172018-02-01

3 certificate(s) required

Y945Particular provisions

Travellers' personal effects or goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y946Particular provisions

Goods necessary for the official purposes of diplomatic or consular missions of Member States in the DPRK or international organisations enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, or to the personal effects of their staff (Art 10.3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y948Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in Annex VIII (Luxury goods) of Reg. (EU) 2017/1509

Import/export not allowed after control

CD203The prohibition shall not apply to travellers' personal effects or to goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

CD223The prohibition shall not apply to goods which are necessary for the official purposes of diplomatic or consular missions of Member States in the DPRK or of international organisations enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, or to the personal effects of their staff (Art 10.3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509).

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

TM684Goods from the list of luxury goods referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(2)

Iran

Regulation 0267/122017-10-23

1 certificate(s) required

Y966Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the MG footnotes linked to the measure (Missile Technology Control Regime list - Annex III of Reg. (EU) 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD971Annex III (MG footnotes) shall list the items, including goods and technology, contained in the Missile Technology Control Regime list (Council regulation 267/2012).

CD985If the goods declared are described in footnote "MG" linked to the measure (article 4a, article 4c of the Council regulation 267/2012): It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in Annex III or any other item that the Member State determines could contribute to the development of nuclear weapon delivery systems, whether or not originating in the Union, to any Iranian person, entity or body or for use in Iran. It shall be prohibited to purchase, import or transport from Iran, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in Annex III whether the item concerned originates in Iran or not.

MG684M13A1

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU229Goods 5A002 from the dual use list.

DU440Goods 5A001a from the dual use list.

DU441Goods 5A001b from the dual use list.

DU597Goods 8A002d from the dual use list.

DU665Goods 5A001f from the dual use list.

Import prohibition(1)

inherited from 8500000000

North Korea

—Regulation 0285/182018-02-28

TM884Goods from the Annex XIh of Regulation (EU) 2018/285 (Machinery and electrical equipment)

Import/export restriction -Common Military List(1)

inherited from 8517000000

Russia

Regulation 0833/142025-07-20

2 certificate(s) required

Y759Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the Common Military List of the European Union

Y692Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 4 paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 4 paragraph 2)

Import/export not allowed after control

TM01028It shall be prohibited to: (a) export, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in the Common Military List of the European Union, whether or not originating in the Union, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Russia or for use in Russia; (b) import, directly or indirectly, the goods and technology listed in the Common Military List into the Union if they originate in Russia or are exported from Russia.

Start date: 2007-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

8517691000: The apparatus is a videophone.
8517692000: The apparatus is an entry-phone system.

Classification tips

The apparatus is not a videophone.
The apparatus is not an entry-phone system.

Typical uses

Transmission or reception of voice, images or other data

Sample products

Regulatory notes

NENC85176990

Other This subheading includes: 1. fixed transmitters. Certain types, used mainly in large installations, include special devices such as secrecy devices (for example spectrum inverters) and multiplex devices (used for sending more than two messages simultaneously); 2. radiotelephony transmitters for motor vehicles, ships, aircraft, trains, etc.; 3. transmitters used in radiotelegraphic staff location systems; 4. radio transmitters for simultaneous interpretation at multilingual conferences; 5. automatic transmitters for distress signals from ships, aircraft, etc.; 6. ‘facsimile’ radiotelegraphic apparatus for transmitting copies of documents, newspapers, plans, messages, etc.; 7. transmitters of telemetric signals.

NENC8517

Telephone sets, including telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks; other apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local- or wide-area network), other than transmission or reception apparatus of heading 8443 , 8525 , 8527 or 8528

Non-preferential origin

value_added

Telephone sets, including smartphones and other telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks; other apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local or wide area network), other than transmission or reception apparatus of heading 8443, 8525, 8527 or 8528.

45% value added rule

value_added

45% value added rule

Residual rule

Collection of parts: Where a change in classification results from the application of HS General Interpretative Rule 2(a) with respect to collections of parts that are presented as unassembled articles of another heading or subheading the individual parts shall retain their origin prior to such collection. Note 2: Assembly of the collection of parts: Goods assembled from a collection of parts classified as the assembled good by application of General Interpretative Rule 2 shall have origin in the country of assembly, provided the assembly would have satisfied the primary rule for the good had each of the parts been presented separately and not as a collection. Note 3: Disassembly of goods: A change of classification which results from the disassembly of goods shall not be considered as the change required by the rule set forth in the table of "list rules". The country of origin of the parts recovered from the goods shall be the country where the parts are recovered, unless the importer, exporter or any person with a justifiable cause to determine the origin of parts demonstrates another country of origin on the basis of verifiable evidence such as origin marks on the part itself or documents.

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (8517699000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 0.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (8517699000)?

Yes, 40 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (8517699000)?

Yes, 9 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (8517699000)?

122 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 8517699000?

TARIC code 8517699000 (Other) covers the following products: Network apparatus for transmission or reception of data in a wired network, Wireless communication apparatus for transmission or reception of data.

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Hierarchy

16Section XVI — MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES

8500000000ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT AND PARTS THEREOF; SOUND RECORDERS AND REPRODUCERS, TELEVISION IMAGE AND SOUND RECORDERS AND REPRODUCERS, AND PARTS AND ACCESSORIES OF SUCH ARTICLES

8517610000Other apparatus for the transmission or reception of voice, images or other data, including apparatus for communication in a wired or wireless network (such as a local or wide area network)

8517690000Other

8517691000Videophones 8517692000Entry-phone systems 8517693000Reception apparatus for radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy

8517699000Other

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty0.000 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

0.000 %

Preferential rates(43)

+33

Preferential rates - 43 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %	—	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %EU-CARIFORUM EPA	—	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %ESA Interim EPA	—	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %SADC EPA	—	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %	—	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %Everything But Arms	—	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %EEA Agreement	—	EEA Agreement	1
GSP+2027 0.000 %GSP+ Enhanced Arrangement	—	GSP+ Enhanced Arrangement

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 8500000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Import control(6)

inherited from 8517000000

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-07-20

3 certificate(s) required

Y759Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the Common Military List of the European Union

Y757Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1aa.1 of Council Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1aa.2a)

Y758Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1aa paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EC) No 765/2006 do not apply (see contractual exemptions in article 1aa paragraph 2b)

Import/export not allowed after control

Belarus

Regulation 0765/062025-02-25

4 certificate(s) required

Y727Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 3)

Y728Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 1ra paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 765/2006 do not apply (see exemptions in article 1ra paragraph 4)

L152Import certificate/licence

Import authorisation by virtue of article 1ra paragraph 10 of Council Regulation (EU) 765/2006

Y870Particular provisions

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -luxury goods(1)

inherited from 8517690000

North Korea

Regulation 2062/172018-02-01

3 certificate(s) required

Y945Particular provisions

Travellers' personal effects or goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y946Particular provisions

Y948Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in Annex VIII (Luxury goods) of Reg. (EU) 2017/1509

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

TM684Goods from the list of luxury goods referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509

Import control -restricted goods & technologies(2)

Iran

Regulation 0267/122017-10-23

1 certificate(s) required

Y966Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the MG footnotes linked to the measure (Missile Technology Control Regime list - Annex III of Reg. (EU) 267/2012)

Import/export not allowed after control

CD971Annex III (MG footnotes) shall list the items, including goods and technology, contained in the Missile Technology Control Regime list (Council regulation 267/2012).

MG684M13A1

North Korea

Regulation 1509/172017-09-01

1 certificate(s) required

Y920Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the footnotes linked to the measure

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

DU229Goods 5A002 from the dual use list.

DU440Goods 5A001a from the dual use list.

DU441Goods 5A001b from the dual use list.

DU597Goods 8A002d from the dual use list.

DU665Goods 5A001f from the dual use list.

Import prohibition(1)

inherited from 8500000000

North Korea

—Regulation 0285/182018-02-28

TM884Goods from the Annex XIh of Regulation (EU) 2018/285 (Machinery and electrical equipment)

Import/export restriction -Common Military List(1)

inherited from 8517000000

Russia

Regulation 0833/142025-07-20

2 certificate(s) required

Y759Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in the Common Military List of the European Union

Y692Particular provisions

The prohibitions defined in article 4 paragraph 1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 do not apply (see exemptions in article 4 paragraph 2)

Import/export not allowed after control

Start date: 2007-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

8517691000: The apparatus is a videophone.
8517692000: The apparatus is an entry-phone system.

Classification tips

The apparatus is not a videophone.
The apparatus is not an entry-phone system.

Typical uses

Transmission or reception of voice, images or other data

Sample products

Associated BTIs

Associated Rulings

CJEU Case Law

Regulatory notes

NENC85176990

NENC8517

Non-preferential origin

value_added

45% value added rule

value_added

45% value added rule

Residual rule

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other (8517699000)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other is 0.000 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other (8517699000)?

Yes, 40 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other (8517699000)?

Yes, 9 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other (8517699000)?

122 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 8517699000?

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 85

1. For the purposes of subheading 8528 42 and 8528 52, 'capable of directly receiving and processing computer data signals' refers to monitors or projectors which receive digital signals from an automatic data processing machine via a standard connector (for example DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort, USB-C or VGA). 2. For the purposes of subheading 8528 52, 'capable of directly connecting to and designed for use with an automatic data processing machine of heading 8471' includes monitors with a display diagonal not exceeding 71.12 cm (28 inches), or having a pixel resolution of 1 920 x 1 080 or greater and at least one connector of a type typically used with automatic data processing machines (for example DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort, USB-C). 3. Subheading 8528 62 covers only projectors not capable of receiving a broadcast signal. Projectors which can receive and display broadcast television signals fall under subheading 8528 69 or 8528 72.

Chapter noteChapter 85 — Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; Sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles

This chapter does not cover: electrically warmed blankets, bed pads, etc. (heading 6301), glass of heading 7011 or 7014, furniture of Chapter 94, or toys/games of Chapter 95. Note 2 (Parts): Parts suitable for use solely or principally with a particular kind of article are classified with that article; parts equally suitable for two or more articles of this chapter are classified in heading 8538 or 8548. Heading 8523 covers all media for the recording of sound or other phenomena, including unrecorded media, and also covers recorded media such as software, data, sound recordings, and digital content regardless of whether the recording is permanent or temporary. Heading 8542 covers monolithic integrated circuits (MICs), hybrid integrated circuits (HICs), and electronic microassemblies. Printed circuit assemblies consisting of one or more printed circuits of heading 8534 with mounted components are classified in heading 8534 if they do not form a complete article, otherwise they follow the relevant heading for the complete article.

Section noteNotes to Section XVI — Machinery and mechanical appliances; Electrical equipment; Parts thereof; Sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles

1. This Section does not cover: (a) transmission or conveyor belts or belting of plastics of Chapter 39, or of vulcanised rubber (heading 4010), or other articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber, for technical uses (heading 4016); (b) articles of leather or of composition leather (heading 4205) or of furskin (heading 4303), of a kind used in machinery or mechanical appliances or for other technical uses; (c) bobbins, spools, cops, cones, cores, reels or similar supports, of any material (for example, Chapter 39, 40, 44 or Section XV); (d) perforated cards for Jacquard or similar machines (for example, Chapter 39 or 48 or Section XV); (e) transmission or conveyor belts or belting of textile material (heading 5910) or other articles of textile material for technical uses (heading 5911); (f) precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed) of headings 7102 to 7104, or articles wholly of such stones of heading 7116, except unmounted worked sapphires and diamonds for styli (heading 8522); (g) parts of general use, as defined in Note 2 to Section XV, of base metal (Section XV) or similar goods of plastics (Chapter 39); (h) drill pipe (heading 7304); (ij) endless bands of metal wire or strip (Section XV); (k) articles of Chapter 82 or 83; (l) articles of Section XVII; (m) articles of Chapter 90; (n) clocks, watches or other articles of Chapter 91; (o) interchangeable tools of heading 8207 or brushes of a kind used as parts of machines (heading 9603); similar interchangeable tools are to be classified according to the constituent material of their working part; (p) articles of Chapter 95; (q) typewriter or similar ribbons, whether or not on spools or in cartridges (heading 9612), or monopods, bipods, tripods and similar articles of heading 9620. 2. Subject to Note 1 to this Section, Note 1 to Chapter 84 and Note 1 to Chapter 85, parts of machines (not being parts of the articles of heading 8484, 8544, 8545, 8546 or 8547) are to be classified according to the following rules: (a) parts which are goods included in any of the headings of Chapter 84 or 85 (other than headings 8409, 8431, 8448, 8466, 8473, 8487, 8503, 8522, 8529, 8538 and 8548) are in all cases to be classified in their respective headings; (b) other parts, if suitable for use solely or principally with a particular kind of machine, or with a number of machines of the same heading, are to be classified with the machines of that kind or in heading 8409, 8431, 8448, 8466, 8473, 8503, 8522, 8529 or 8538 as appropriate; however, parts which are equally suitable for use principally with the goods of headings 8517 and 8525 to 8528 are to be classified in heading 8517; (c) all other parts are to be classified in heading 8409, 8431, 8448, 8466, 8473, 8503, 8522, 8529 or 8538 as appropriate or, failing that, in heading 8487 or 8548. 3. Unless the context otherwise requires, composite machines consisting of two or more machines fitted together to form a whole and other machines designed for the purpose of performing two or more complementary or alternative functions are to be classified as if consisting only of that component or as being that machine which performs the principal function. 4. Where a machine (including a combination of machines) consists of individual components (whether separate or interconnected by piping, by transmission devices, by electric cables or by other devices) intended to contribute together to a clearly defined function covered by one of the headings in Chapter 84 or Chapter 85, then the whole is to be classified in the heading appropriate to that function. 5. For the purposes of these Notes, the expression 'machine' means any machine, machinery, plant, equipment, apparatus or appliance cited in the headings of Chapter 84 or 85.

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€119.31/kg

Export €/kg

€204.91/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,713

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€1.4B	20.1Mt	€71.27/kg	53.7%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€717.3M	2.7Mt	€261.23/kg	26.8%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€191.7M	915Kt	€209.53/kg	7.2%
4	🇹🇼 Taiwan	€143.3M	795Kt	€180.43/kg	5.4%
5	🇲🇾 Malaysia	€139.9M	634Kt	€220.89/kg	5.2%
6	🇲🇽 Mexico	€45.7M	390Kt	€117.31/kg	1.7%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€596.7M	1.2Mt	€499.80/kg	39.5%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€432.5M	4.8Mt	€89.66/kg	28.7%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€167.4M	565Kt	€296.53/kg	11.1%
4	🇮🇱 Israel	€141.5M	133Kt	€1.1K/kg	9.4%
5	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€89.3M	74Kt	€1.2K/kg	5.9%
6	🇳🇴 Norway	€81.7M	399Kt	€204.66/kg	5.4%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€119.31/kg

Export €/kg

€204.91/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

3,713

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇨🇳 China	€1.4B	20.1Mt	€71.27/kg	53.7%
2	🇺🇸 United States	€717.3M	2.7Mt	€261.23/kg	26.8%
3	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€191.7M	915Kt	€209.53/kg	7.2%
4	🇹🇼 Taiwan	€143.3M	795Kt	€180.43/kg	5.4%
5	🇲🇾 Malaysia	€139.9M	634Kt	€220.89/kg	5.2%
6	🇲🇽 Mexico	€45.7M	390Kt	€117.31/kg	1.7%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇺🇸 United States	€596.7M	1.2Mt	€499.80/kg	39.5%
2	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€432.5M	4.8Mt	€89.66/kg	28.7%
3	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€167.4M	565Kt	€296.53/kg	11.1%
4	🇮🇱 Israel	€141.5M	133Kt	€1.1K/kg	9.4%
5	🇺🇦 Ukraine	€89.3M	74Kt	€1.2K/kg	5.9%
6	🇳🇴 Norway	€81.7M	399Kt	€204.66/kg	5.4%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

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