Hierarchy

17Section XVII — VEHICLES, AIRCRAFT, VESSELS AND ASSOCIATED TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT

8700000000VEHICLES OTHER THAN RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY ROLLING STOCK, AND PARTS AND ACCESSORIES THEREOF

8714000000Parts and accessories of vehicles of headings|8711|to 8713

8714910000Other

8714940000Brakes, including coaster braking hubs and hub brakes, and parts thereof

8714942000Brakes

8714942005Coaster braking hubs and hub brakes

8714942091Other brakes

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty4.700 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

4.700 %

Footnotes

TN067Exempted parties are those whose assembly operations do not constitute circumvention since they fall outside the scope of Article 13 (2) of Regulation (EC) 2016/1036.

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-4.7 pp	-4.7 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-4.7 pp	-4.7 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-4.7 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-4.7 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-4.7 ppESA Interim EPA	-4.7 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-4.7 ppSADC EPA	-4.7 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-4.7 pp	-4.7 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-4.7 ppEverything But Arms	-4.7 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-4.7 ppEEA Agreement	-4.7 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 8714000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

TM01066From 1 July 2026 until 1 July 2028, a customs duty of EUR 3 per item in a consignment the intrinsic value of which does not exceed a total of EUR 150 shall apply instead of the relief eliminated pursuant to Article 1 of this Regulation, where: (a) the importation of the goods is exempt from VAT in accordance with Article 143(1), point (ca), of Directive 2006/112/EC; or (b) the goods are in a postal consignment as defined in Article 1, point (24), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446.

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Subheading declaration -end-use(1)

China

Regulation 0088/972014-08-01

1 certificate(s) required

D019Anti-dumping/countervailing document

Authorisation to use a customs procedure with economic impact/end-use within the context of an anti-dumping/countervailing measure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Declared subheading not allowed

CD501Entry under this subheading is subject to conditions laid down in the relevant European Union provisions (see Article 254 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 269, 10. 10. 2013, p. 1)). The rules for end-use control (Art. 254 of Reg. No 952/13) shall apply mutatis mutandis.

Import control(2)

inherited from 8700000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

CD967I. According to Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014, it shall be prohibited to import into European Union goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol. The prohibition shall not apply in respect of goods originating in Crimea or Sevastopol which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part. II. According to the Council Regulation (EU) 692/2014, the export of goods and technologies suited for use in the sectors of transport; telecommunications; energy; prospection, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources is prohibited: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in Crimea or Sevastopol, or (b) for use in Crimea or Sevastopol.

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

CD860According to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263 (OJ L42I, p. 77): I. It shall be prohibited to import into the European Union goods originating in non-government controlled areas of the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine. The import prohibitions not apply in respect of: (a) the execution until 24 May 2022 of trade contracts concluded before 23 February 2022, or of ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the contract has notified, at least 10 working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which they are established; (b) goods originating in the specified territories which have been made available to the Ukrainian authorities for examination, for which compliance with the conditions conferring entitlement to preferential origin has been verified and for which a certificate of origin has been issued in accordance with the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. II. It shall be prohibited to sell, supply, transfer or export goods and technology listed in Annex II to Council Regulation (EU) 2022/263: (a) to any natural or legal person, entity or body in the specified territories, or (b) for use in the specified territories. Annex II shall include certain goods and technologies suited for use in the following key sectors: (i) transport; (ii) telecommunications; (iii) energy; (iv) the prospecting, exploration and production of oil, gas and mineral resources. The prohibitions in point II above shall be without prejudice to the execution until 24 August 2022 of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before 23 February 2022, or from ancillary contracts necessary for the execution of such contracts, provided that the competent authority has been informed at least five working days in advance.

Import control -luxury goods(1)

inherited from 8714000000

North Korea

Regulation 2062/172018-02-01

3 certificate(s) required

Y945Particular provisions

Travellers' personal effects or goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y946Particular provisions

Goods necessary for the official purposes of diplomatic or consular missions of Member States in the DPRK or international organisations enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, or to the personal effects of their staff (Art 10.3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y948Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in Annex VIII (Luxury goods) of Reg. (EU) 2017/1509

Import/export not allowed after control

CD203The prohibition shall not apply to travellers' personal effects or to goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

CD223The prohibition shall not apply to goods which are necessary for the official purposes of diplomatic or consular missions of Member States in the DPRK or of international organisations enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, or to the personal effects of their staff (Art 10.3 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509).

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

TM684Goods from the list of luxury goods referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 8700000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4048Means of transport more than 75 years old

TM570The following shall be prohibited: a) the import of or the introduction into the territory of the Community of, and b) the dealing in, Iraqi cultural property and other items of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific and religious importance, if they have been illegally removed from locations in Iraq, in particular, if: i) the items form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of Iraqi museums, archives or libraries' conservation collection, or the inventories of Iraqi religious institutions, or ii) there exists reasonable suspicion that the goods have been removed from Iraq without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Iraq's laws and regulations. These prohibitions shall not apply if it is shown that either: a) the cultural items were exported from Iraq prior to 6 August 1990; or b) the cultural items are being returned to Iraqi institutions in accordance with the objective of safe return as set out in paragraph 7 of UNSC Resolution 1483 (2003).

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4048Means of transport more than 75 years old

TM572It shall be prohibited to import, export, or transfer Syrian cultural property goods and other goods of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific or religious importance, including those listed in Annex XI of Council Regulation (EU) No 36/2012, where there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the goods have been removed from Syria without the consent of their legitimate owner or have been removed in breach of Syrian law or international law, in particular if the goods form an integral part of either the public collections listed in the inventories of the conservation collections of Syrian museums, archives or libraries, or the inventories of Syrian religious institutions. The prohibition shall not apply if it is demonstrated that: (a) the goods were exported from Syria prior to 9 May 2011; or (b) the goods are being safely returned to their legitimate owners in Syria.

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 2012-01-01

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

8714942099: Other brakes not falling under the expressly stated China-related quantity or transfer conditions

Classification tips

Brakes originating in or consigned from China that meet the stated quantity or transfer conditions

Typical uses

Brakes

Sample products

Bicycle brake, originating in China, average quantity below 300 units per month for a period not exceeding 12 months

Regulatory notes

NENC87149420

Brakes This subheading includes coaster braking hubs and hub brakes. ►M32 These types of brakes are integrated into the hub. ◄ Braking hubs are generally of the back-pedal type. However, in drum hub brakes, the braking action is produced manually, via a cable or a rod. They typically have the following appearance: ►M32 This subheading also includes ‘other brakes’, which are not integrated into the hub, such as rim brakes (caliper brakes, cantilever brakes, U – brakes, V – brakes etc.), disc brakes or so-called ‘roller brakes’ (a special type of drum brakes which are designed to be connected to the wheel hub). ◄

NENC87148714 91 10 to 8714 99 90

Parts and accessories of vehicles of headings 8711 to 8713 Other These subheadings include parts and accessories intended for the manufacture, equipping or repair of: 1. side-cars for motorcycles and bicycles; 2. cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor, i.e., cycles which may be propelled by means of pedals and which are fitted with an auxiliary motor (having a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cm3); 3. other cycles (including delivery tricycles) not fitted with a motor.

Non-preferential origin

value_added

Parts and accessories of vehicles of headings 8711 to 8713.

CTH; or 45% value added rule

Residual rule

Where the country of origin cannot be determined by application of the primary rules, the country of origin of the goods shall be the country in which the major portion of the materials originated, as determined on the basis of the value of the materials.

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other brakes (8714942091)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other brakes is 4.700 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other brakes (8714942091)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other brakes (8714942091)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other brakes (8714942091)?

5 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 8714942091?

TARIC code 8714942091 (Other brakes) covers the following products: Bicycle brake, originating in China, average quantity below 300 units per month for a period not exceeding 12 months, Bicycle brake, consigned from China, intended for transfer to another holder of an end-use authorisation.

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Hierarchy

17Section XVII — VEHICLES, AIRCRAFT, VESSELS AND ASSOCIATED TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT

8700000000VEHICLES OTHER THAN RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY ROLLING STOCK, AND PARTS AND ACCESSORIES THEREOF

8714000000Parts and accessories of vehicles of headings|8711|to 8713

8714910000Other

8714940000Brakes, including coaster braking hubs and hub brakes, and parts thereof

8714942000Brakes

8714942005Coaster braking hubs and hub brakes

8714942091Other brakes

Duties & Measures

Third Country Duty4.700 %

Base rate (erga omnes)

Applies to all third countries without preferential agreement

4.700 %

Footnotes

TN067Exempted parties are those whose assembly operations do not constitute circumvention since they fall outside the scope of Article 13 (2) of Regulation (EC) 2016/1036.

Preferential rates(60)

+50

Preferential rates - 60 Origin
Origin	Savings	Trade agreement	Details
EU-Canada agreement: re-imported goods1006 0.000 %-4.7 pp	-4.7 pp	—	1
EU-Switzerland agreement: re-imported goods1007 0.000 %-4.7 pp	-4.7 pp	—	2
CARIFORUM1033 0.000 %-4.7 ppEU-CARIFORUM EPA	-4.7 pp	EU-CARIFORUM EPA
Eastern and Southern Africa States1034 0.000 %-4.7 ppESA Interim EPA	-4.7 pp	ESA Interim EPA
SADC EPA1035 0.000 %-4.7 ppSADC EPA	-4.7 pp	SADC EPA
Preferential origin in accordance with the Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Union and the Kingdom of Morocco on the amendment of Protocols 1 and 4 to the Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part.2000 0.000 %-4.7 pp	-4.7 pp	—
GSP-EBA2005 0.000 %-4.7 ppEverything But Arms	-4.7 pp	Everything But Arms
European Economic Area2012 0.000 %-4.7 ppEEA Agreement	-4.7 pp	EEA Agreement	1

Low-value consignment customs duty(2)

inherited from 8714000000

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EURRegulation 0382/262026-07-01

ERGA OMNES

3.000 EUR4Regulation 0382/262026-11-01

4 certificate(s) required

C127Other certificates

Merchant product identifier

C128Other certificates

Non-standardised manufacturer product identifier

C129Other certificates

Standardised manufacturer product identifier

Y081Particular provisions

No standardised manufacturer product identifier for the declared product exists

Import not allowed

Subheading declaration -end-use(1)

China

Regulation 0088/972014-08-01

1 certificate(s) required

D019Anti-dumping/countervailing document

Authorisation to use a customs procedure with economic impact/end-use within the context of an anti-dumping/countervailing measure (Column 8c, Annex A of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2446)

Declared subheading not allowed

Import control(2)

inherited from 8700000000

Ukraine

Regulation 0692/142026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y997Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or destined to Crimea or Sevastopol (Articles 2 and 2b.1 of Council Regulation (EU) No 692/2014)

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

Import not allowed

Ukraine

Regulation 0263/222026-06-24

EU-Ukraine DCFTA(since 2016)

3 certificate(s) required

Y984Particular provisions

Goods not originating from or not destined for the non-government controlled areas of Ukraine in the oblasts of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia

N954UN/EDIFACT certificate

Movement certificate EUR.1

N864UN/EDIFACT certificate

Invoice declaration or origin declaration made out by any exporter on invoice or any other commercial document

Import/export not allowed after control

Import control -luxury goods(1)

inherited from 8714000000

North Korea

Regulation 2062/172018-02-01

3 certificate(s) required

Y945Particular provisions

Travellers' personal effects or goods of a non-commercial nature for travellers' personal use contained in their luggage (Art 10.2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509)

Y946Particular provisions

Y948Particular provisions

Goods other than those described in Annex VIII (Luxury goods) of Reg. (EU) 2017/1509

Import/export not allowed after control

CD995If the declared goods are described in the footnotes linked to the measure, export/import is not allowed.

TM684Goods from the list of luxury goods referred to in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1509

Restriction on entry into free circulation(4)

inherited from 8700000000

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4048Means of transport more than 75 years old

Iraq

—Regulation 1210/032003-05-23

4099Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1210/2003 (OJ L 169): no restrictions

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4048Means of transport more than 75 years old

Syria

—Regulation 1332/132025-05-29

4098Other than those mentioned in Regulation (EC) no 1332/2013 (OJ L 335): no restrictions

Start date: 2012-01-01

Trade Statistics

Description & Classification

Common misclassifications

8714942099: Other brakes not falling under the expressly stated China-related quantity or transfer conditions

Classification tips

Brakes originating in or consigned from China that meet the stated quantity or transfer conditions

Typical uses

Brakes

Sample products

Bicycle brake, originating in China, average quantity below 300 units per month for a period not exceeding 12 months

Associated BTIs

Regulatory notes

NENC87149420

NENC87148714 91 10 to 8714 99 90

Non-preferential origin

value_added

Parts and accessories of vehicles of headings 8711 to 8713.

CTH; or 45% value added rule

Residual rule

Annex 22-01 DA 2015/2446

FAQ

What is the EU customs duty for Other brakes (8714942091)?

The third country duty (erga omnes) for Other brakes is 4.700 %. This rate applies to imports from countries without a preferential trade agreement with the EU.

Are there tariff preferences for Other brakes (8714942091)?

Yes, 57 tariff preferences are available for this code. Preferential rates apply to imports from countries with a trade agreement with the EU.

Are import controls required for Other brakes (8714942091)?

Yes, 3 import control measure(s) apply to this code (e.g. CITES, REACH, sanitary controls, etc.).

How many BTIs (Binding Tariff Information) exist for Other brakes (8714942091)?

5 BTIs have been issued for this TARIC code by EU Member States customs authorities.

What products are classified under code 8714942091?

Help

Need help?

Ask a question about this code or find a tariff classification expert.

Keywords

bicycle brake · bicycle braking system · bicycle brakes · Brakes · Parts and accessories of vehicles of headings 8711 to 8713 · below 300 units per month on average for a period not exceeding 12 months

Additional noteAdditional Notes to Chapter 87

1. For the purposes of heading 8702, 'vehicles for the transport of 10 or more persons' means vehicles designed to carry at least 10 persons, including the driver. 2. For the purposes of subheadings 8703 21 to 8703 24 and 8703 31 to 8703 33, the cylinder capacity of the motor is determined: (a) for spark-ignition engines (petrol), by the swept volume expressed in cm3; (b) for compression-ignition engines (diesel or semi-diesel), by the swept volume expressed in cm3. Where the propulsion is provided by both an internal combustion piston engine and one or more electric motors, the cylinder capacity of the internal combustion piston engine determines the relevant subheading. 3. For the purposes of subheadings 8703 40, 8703 50, 8703 60, 8703 70 and 8703 80, 'plug-in hybrid electric vehicles' means vehicles powered by both an internal combustion piston engine and an electric motor used as the alternative power for vehicle propulsion which may be charged by plugging in to an external source of electric power.

Chapter noteChapter 87 — Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock, and parts and accessories thereof

For the purposes of this chapter, 'tractors' means vehicles constructed essentially for hauling or pushing another vehicle, appliance or load, whether or not they contain subsidiary provision for the transport of tools, seeds, fertilisers or other goods in connection with their main use. Heading 8702 covers motor vehicles for the transport of 10 or more persons. Heading 8703 covers motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (1-9 seats), classified by engine type: spark-ignition (petrol), compression-ignition (diesel/semi-diesel), electric motor only, or hybrid combinations. Heading 8704 covers motor vehicles for the transport of goods, with similar engine-type subdivisions. Chassis fitted with engines are classified under heading 8706, and bodies (including cabs) under heading 8707. The distinction between complete vehicles, chassis, and bodies is critical for classification purposes.

Section noteNotes to Section XVII — Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment

1. This Section does not cover articles of heading 9503 or 9508, or bobsleighs, toboggans or the like (heading 9506). 2. The expressions 'parts' and 'parts and accessories' do not apply to the following articles, whether or not they are identifiable as being for goods of this Section: (a) joints, washers or the like of any material (classified according to their constituent material or in heading 8484) or other articles of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber (heading 4016); (b) parts of general use, as defined in Note 2 to Section XV, of base metal (Section XV) or similar goods of plastics (Chapter 39); (c) articles of Chapter 82 (tools); (d) articles of heading 8306; (e) machines or apparatus of headings 8401 to 8479, or parts thereof; articles of heading 8481 or 8482 or, provided they constitute integral parts of engines or motors, articles of heading 8483; (f) electro-mechanical machines and apparatus (headings 8501 or 8502); articles of heading 8511 to 8513; electrical apparatus of heading 8530 or 8531; (g) articles of Chapter 90; (h) articles of Chapter 91; (ij) arms (Chapter 93); (k) lamps or lighting fittings of heading 9405. 3. References in Chapters 86 to 88 to 'parts' or 'accessories' do not apply to parts or accessories which are not suitable for use solely or principally with the articles of those Chapters. A part or accessory which answers to a description in two or more of the headings of those Chapters is to be classified in the heading appropriate to its principal use.

What are the non-preferential origin rules for Other brakes (8714942091)?

Non-preferential origin rules for Other brakes are defined in Annex 22-01 of the UCC Delegated Act. These rules determine the country of origin for MFN duty rates, trade policy measures, and origin marking.

Associated BTIs

Trade Statistics

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€46.33/kg

Export €/kg

€33.61/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,931

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇯🇵 Japan	€661.9M	5.9Mt	€111.29/kg	40.8%
2	🇹🇼 Taiwan	€440.6M	7.6Mt	€58.27/kg	27.2%
3	🇲🇾 Malaysia	€332.6M	8.8Mt	€37.85/kg	20.5%
4	🇨🇳 China	€162.9M	9.1Mt	€17.81/kg	10.1%
5	🇻🇳 Vietnam	€22.8M	3.0Mt	€7.51/kg	1.4%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€8.2M	129Kt	€63.35/kg	24.8%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€6.8M	47Kt	€144.75/kg	20.7%
3	🇰🇭 KH	€6.2M	207Kt	€29.96/kg	18.8%
4	🇺🇸 United States	€5.1M	42Kt	€121.83/kg	15.4%
5	🇸🇬 Singapore	€4.2M	178Kt	€23.83/kg	12.9%
6	🇮🇩 Indonesia	€1.3M	43Kt	€29.31/kg	3.8%
7	🇹🇼 Taiwan	€1.2M	20Kt	€58.25/kg	3.6%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis

Imports

€0

Exports

€0

Balance

€0

Import €/kg

€46.33/kg

Export €/kg

€33.61/kg

Market concentration (HHI)

2,931

Concentrated

Trade value (2022–2025)

Import sources

Third-country sourcing partners

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇯🇵 Japan	€661.9M	5.9Mt	€111.29/kg	40.8%
2	🇹🇼 Taiwan	€440.6M	7.6Mt	€58.27/kg	27.2%
3	🇲🇾 Malaysia	€332.6M	8.8Mt	€37.85/kg	20.5%
4	🇨🇳 China	€162.9M	9.1Mt	€17.81/kg	10.1%
5	🇻🇳 Vietnam	€22.8M	3.0Mt	€7.51/kg	1.4%

Export markets

Third-country target markets

#	Partner	Value (EUR)	kg	€/kg	Share
1	🇬🇧 United Kingdom	€8.2M	129Kt	€63.35/kg	24.8%
2	🇨🇭 Switzerland	€6.8M	47Kt	€144.75/kg	20.7%
3	🇰🇭 KH	€6.2M	207Kt	€29.96/kg	18.8%
4	🇺🇸 United States	€5.1M	42Kt	€121.83/kg	15.4%
5	🇸🇬 Singapore	€4.2M	178Kt	€23.83/kg	12.9%
6	🇮🇩 Indonesia	€1.3M	43Kt	€29.31/kg	3.8%
7	🇹🇼 Taiwan	€1.2M	20Kt	€58.25/kg	3.6%

EU Member States

EU ImportersEU Exporters

View full analysis