EU External Trade - Other articles of iron or steel, Open-die forged

Extra-EU sourcing of Other articles of iron or steel, Open-die forged is highly concentrated. 🇨🇳 China captures 56.2% of imports (€348.3M), followed by 🇯🇵 Japan (12.3%). With an HHI of 3383, this Concentrated market exposes the EU to supply dependency risks.

The main extra-EU export markets for Other articles of iron or steel, Open-die forged are 🇨🇳 China, 🇺🇸 United States, 🇮🇳 India. 🇨🇳 China absorbs 29.5% of European exports (€612.9M).

Within the EU, the leading importers of Other articles of iron or steel, Open-die forged are 🇫🇷 France, 🇳🇱 Netherlands, 🇩🇪 Germany. 🇫🇷 France accounts for 20.9% of EU imports.

In 2025, trade flows diverged: imports were rising (5.2%) while exports were falling sharply (-15.3%), signalling a structural market shift.