EU External Trade - Of iron or steel, Of open-die forged or closed-die forged iron or steel

Extra-EU sourcing of Of iron or steel, Of open-die forged or closed-die forged iron or steel is highly concentrated. 🇨🇳 China captures 47.1% of imports (€41.6M), followed by 🇮🇳 India (20.5%). With an HHI of 2766, this Concentrated market exposes the EU to supply dependency risks.

The main extra-EU export markets for Of iron or steel, Of open-die forged or closed-die forged iron or steel are 🇺🇸 United States, 🇬🇧 United Kingdom, 🇨🇳 China. 🇺🇸 United States absorbs 34.6% of European exports (€38.0M).

Within the EU, 🇩🇪 Germany concentrates 62.2% of Of iron or steel, Of open-die forged or closed-die forged iron or steel imports, well ahead of 🇫🇷 France (10.3%). The top importing member states are 🇩🇪 Germany, 🇫🇷 France, 🇮🇹 Italy.

In 2025, imports were declining (-11.1%) and exports stable (2.8%) compared to the previous year.