Logistics & transporten
Detention
Charges levied by the shipping line when an empty or full container is kept outside the port terminal beyond the allowed free time.
Definition
Detention refers to charges levied by the shipping line when a container is kept outside the port terminal (at the importer's, exporter's, or in transit) beyond the free time allowed for unpacking/packing and returning the container.
Demurrage vs detention distinction
| Demurrage | Detention | |
|---|---|---|
| Location | At the terminal | Outside the terminal |
| Import phase | Before collection | After collection, before empty return |
| Export phase | After empty return to terminal | Before return to terminal |
| Invoiced by | Shipping line | Shipping line |
Combined Demurrage & Detention (D&D)
Some shipping lines apply a combined D&D tariff, covering the entire period from vessel discharge to empty container return. This approach simplifies billing but may be less favourable for the importer.
Regulation
Following abuses during the shipping crisis (2020-2022), several jurisdictions have regulated D&D practices:
- The FMC (Federal Maritime Commission) in the US adopted fair billing rules
- The European Commission monitors practices through maritime transport regulations
- Rules must be transparent and reasonable
Best practices
- Always negotiate free time in the transport contract (booking)
- Plan inland logistics to minimise retention time
- In case of disputes, document the causes of delay (congestion, force majeure)