Logistics & transporten
Freight forwarder
Specialised intermediary organising international goods transport on behalf of a shipper, coordinating the various links in the supply chain.
Role and functions
A freight forwarder is a professional who organises and coordinates international goods transport on behalf of clients. Their functions include:
- Transport organisation: mode selection, routing, and carrier choice
- Customs formalities: customs declarations (as a registered customs representative)
- Consolidation/deconsolidation: grouping goods to optimise costs
- Transport insurance: advice and procurement on behalf of the client
- Warehousing: temporary storage in transit
- Documentation: issuing HAWBs, HB/Ls, and other transport documents
Legal framework
The freight forwarder may act in two capacities:
- Principal (commissionnaire de transport): commits to having the transport executed and guarantees completion. Liability is presumed in case of damage.
- Agent: acts on specific client instructions, with liability limited to personal fault.
Choosing a freight forwarder
Selection criteria:
- International network and geographical coverage
- Customs accreditations (customs representative status, AEO)
- Sector specialisation (dangerous goods, temperature-controlled, project cargo)
- Financial strength and professional insurance
- Membership in FIATA (International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations)
Key watch points
- Clearly define the forwarder's legal status (principal or agent) in the contract
- Check applicable general conditions (FIATA model or national conditions)
- The forwarder is not liable for force majeure but must inform the client of any event affecting the transport