LCL (Less than Container Load)

Definition

LCL (Less than Container Load) is a maritime shipping mode in which a shipper's goods occupy only part of a container. The freight forwarder combines shipments from multiple shippers (consolidation) to fill a full container.

Process

The LCL process follows the consolidation pattern:

1. Goods are delivered to the forwarder's CFS (Container Freight Station)
2. The forwarder consolidates shipments from different clients into a container
3. The container is transported under a MBL (Master Bill of Lading)
4. Each shipper receives an HBL (House Bill of Lading) for their portion
5. At destination, the container is deconsolidated at the arrival CFS

Pricing

LCL freight is generally charged on a weight/measurement ratio (W/M):

• 1 tonne = 1 m³ for maritime
• The forwarder applies the ratio most favourable to them between actual weight and volume

When to choose LCL

LCL is suitable when:

• Volume is below 15 m³ (below FCL breakeven threshold)
• The company ships small quantities regularly
• Goods do not require special transport conditions

Limitations

• Longer transit times (consolidation + deconsolidation: +3 to 5 days)
• Increased risk of damage during handling
• Some products are refused in LCL (dangerous goods, odorous goods)