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Category 9 - Aerospace and Propulsion

62 ECN entries

Category 9 covers aerospace and propulsion technologies: turbojets and turboprops (9A004), drones and UAVs (9A012, MTCR thresholds of 300 km range / 500 kg payload), rocket and launcher components (9A104-9A116), sub-orbital vehicles. Thresholds target thrust, specific fuel consumption, range, and payload. Control regimes: Wassenaar + MTCR (Missile Technology Control Regime). A rapidly growing sector with commercial drones and New Space.

All categories

0Nuclear Materials, Facilities and Equipment 1Special Materials and Related Equipment 2Materials Processing 3Electronics 4Computers 5Telecommunications and 'Information Security'6Sensors and Lasers 7Navigation and Avionics 8Marine 9Aerospace and Propulsion

General Technology Note (GTN)

The export of 'technology' which is 'required' for the 'development', 'production' or 'use' of items controlled in Categories 0 to 9 is controlled according to the provisions in each Category. 'Technology' 'required' for the 'development', 'production' or 'use' of a controlled item remains controlled even when applicable to a non-controlled item. Controls do not apply to that 'technology' which is the minimum necessary for the installation, operation, maintenance (checking) and repair of those items which are not controlled or whose export has been authorised. Controls on 'technology' transfer do not apply to information 'in the public domain', to 'basic scientific research' or to the minimum information necessary for patent applications.

General Software Note (GSN)

The Lists do not control 'software' which is either: 1. Generally available to the public by being: a. Sold from stock at retail selling points, without restriction, by means of: (1) Over-the-counter transactions; (2) Mail order transactions; (3) Electronic transactions; or (4) Telephone call transactions; and b. Designed for installation by the user without further substantial support by the supplier; or 2. 'In the public domain'.

Category 9 - Aerospace and Propulsion

This category covers aerospace vehicles, engines, and related equipment. It includes gas turbine engines (controlled based on thrust-to-weight ratio, specific fuel consumption, inlet temperature), rocket propulsion, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs/drones) with specific range/payload capabilities (MTCR: range >300 km, payload >=500 kg for Category I), space launch vehicles and spacecraft. UAV controls are derived from the MTCR while engine and spacecraft controls come from the Wassenaar Arrangement.

Catch-All Clause - Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2021/821

Article 4(1): An authorisation shall be required for the export of dual-use items not listed in Annex I if the exporter has been informed by the competent authority that the items in question are or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for use in connection with: (a) the development, production, handling, operation, maintenance, storage, detection, identification or dissemination of chemical, biological or nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices; or (b) the development, production, maintenance or storage of missiles capable of delivering such weapons. Article 4(2): If an exporter is aware that dual-use items which he proposes to export, not listed in Annex I, are intended, in their entirety or in part, for any of the uses referred to in paragraph 1, he must notify the competent authority. That authority shall decide whether or not the export concerned is to be made subject to authorisation. Article 4(3) & (4): Member States may adopt or maintain national legislation imposing an authorisation requirement for WMD-related catch-all and military end-use catch-all.

Cyber-Surveillance Catch-All - Article 5 of Regulation (EU) 2021/821

Article 5(1): An authorisation shall be required for the export of cyber-surveillance items not listed in Annex I if the exporter has been informed by the competent authority that the items in question are or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for use in connection with internal repression and/or the commission of serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. Article 5(2): If an exporter is aware, pursuant to its due diligence findings, that cyber-surveillance items which it proposes to export, not listed in Annex I, are intended, in their entirety or in part, for any of the uses referred to in paragraph 1, he must notify the competent authority. The exporter shall act with due diligence in particular by taking into account the nature of the end-user and the country of destination.

Group A - Systems, equipment and components31

9A001Wassenaar Arrangement

Aero gas turbine engines having any of the following:

2 sub-entries

9A002Wassenaar Arrangement2 thresholds

'Marine gas turbine engines' designed to use liquid fuel and having all of the following, and specially designed assemblies and components therefor:

2 sub-entries

9A003Wassenaar Arrangement

Specially designed assemblies or components, incorporating any of the "technologies" specified in 9.E.3.a., 9.E.3.h., 9.E.3.i. or 9.E.3.k., for any of the following aero gas turbine engines:

2 sub-entries

9A004Wassenaar Arrangement (WA) / Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)

Space launch vehicles and 'spacecraft', 'spacecraft buses', 'spacecraft payloads', 'spacecraft' on-board systems or equipment, and terrestrial equipment, as follows:

15 sub-entries

9A005Wassenaar Arrangement

Liquid rocket propulsion systems containing any of the systems or components, specified in 9.A.6.

9A006Wassenaar Arrangement4 thresholds

Systems and components, specially designed for liquid rocket propulsion systems, as follows:

8 sub-entries

9A007Wassenaar Arrangement1 thresholds

Solid rocket propulsion systems having any of the following:

5 sub-entries

9A008Wassenaar Arrangement4 thresholds

Components specially designed for solid rocket propulsion systems, as follows:

7 sub-entries

9A009Wassenaar Arrangement2 thresholds

Hybrid rocket propulsion systems having any of the following:

2 sub-entries

9A010Wassenaar Arrangement2 thresholds

b. Components and structures, specially designed for launch vehicle propulsion systems specified in 9.A.5. to 9.A.9. manufactured using any of the following: 1. "Fibrous or filamentary materials" specified in 1.C.10.e. and resins specified in 1.C.8. or 1.C.9.b.; 2. Metal "matrix" "composite" materials reinforced by any of the following:

16 sub-entries

9A011Wassenaar Arrangement

Ramjet, scramjet or 'combined cycle engines', and specially designed components therefor.

9A012Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)5 thresholds

Unmanned aerial vehicles ('UAVs'), including remotely piloted air vehicles (RPVs), autonomous programmable vehicles, and cruise missiles, having any of the following:

8 sub-entries

9A101MTCR3 thresholds

Turbojet and turbofan engines, other than those specified in 9A001, as follows;

2 sub-entries

9A102MTCR1 thresholds

‘Turboprop engine systems’ specially designed for unmanned aerial vehicles specified in 9A012 or 9A112.a., and specially designed components therefor, having a ‘maximum power’ greater than 10 kW.

9A104MTCR

Sounding rockets, capable of a range of at least 300 km.

9A105MTCR4 thresholds

Liquid propellant rocket engines or gel propellant rocket motors, as follows:

2 sub-entries

9A106MTCR1 thresholds

Systems or components, other than those specified in 9A006 as follows, specially designed for liquid rocket propulsion or gel propellant rocket systems:

5 sub-entries

9A107MTCR2 thresholds

Solid propellant rocket motors, usable in complete rocket systems or unmanned aerial vehicles, capable of a range of 300 km, other than those specified in 9A007, having total impulse capacity equal to or greater than 0,841 MNs.

9A108MTCR

Components, other than those specified in 9A008, as follows, specially designed for solid and hybrid rocket propulsion systems:

3 sub-entries

9A109MTCR2 thresholds

Hybrid rocket motors and specially designed components as follows:

2 sub-entries

9A110MTCR

Composite structures, laminates and manufactures thereof, other than those specified in 9A010, specially designed for use in ‘missiles’ or the subsystems specified in 9A005, 9A007, 9A105, 9A106.c., 9A107, 9A108.c., 9A116 or 9A119.

9A111MTCR

Pulse jet or detonation engines, usable in "missiles" or unmanned aerial vehicles specified in 9A012 or 9A112.a., and specially designed components therefor.

9A112MTCR1 thresholds

"Unmanned aerial vehicles" ("UAVs"), other than those specified in 9A012, as follows:

2 sub-entries

9A115MTCR

Launch support equipment as follows:

2 sub-entries

9A116MTCR

Reentry vehicles, usable in "missiles", and equipment designed or modified therefor, as follows:

4 sub-entries

9A117MTCR

Staging mechanisms, separation mechanisms, and interstages, usable in "missiles".

9A118MTCR

Devices to regulate combustion usable in engines, which are usable in "missiles" or unmanned aerial vehicles specified in 9A012 or 9A112.a., specified in 9A011 or 9A111.

9A119MTCR

Individual rocket stages, usable in complete rocket systems or unmanned aerial vehicles, capable of a range of 300 km, other than those specified in 9A005, 9A007, 9A009, 9A105, 9A107 and 9A109.

9A120MTCR

Liquid or gel propellant tanks, other than those specified in 9A006, specially designed for propellants specified in 1C111 or ‘other liquid or gel propellants’ used in rocket systems capable of delivering at least a 500 kg payload to a range of at least 300 km.

9A121MTCR

Umbilical and interstage electrical connectors specially designed for "missiles", space launch vehicles specified in 9A004 or sounding rockets specified in 9A104.

9A350Australia Group2 thresholds

Spraying or fogging systems, specially designed or modified for fitting to aircraft, "lighter-than-air vehicles" or unmanned aerial vehicles, and specially designed components therefor, as follows:

3 sub-entries

Group B - Test, inspection and production equipment16

9B001Wassenaar Arrangement

Manufacturing equipment, tooling or fixtures, as follows:

6 sub-entries

9B002Wassenaar Arrangement

On-line (real time) control systems, instrumentation (including sensors) or automated data acquisition and processing equipment, having all of the following:

2 sub-entries

9B003Wassenaar Arrangement2 thresholds

Equipment specially designed for the "production" or test of gas turbine engine brush seals designed to operate at tip speeds exceeding 335 m/s and temperatures in excess of 773 K (500°C), and specially designed components or accessories therefor.

9B004Wassenaar Arrangement

Tools, dies or fixtures, for the solid-state joining of "superalloy", titanium or intermetallic aerofoil-to-disk combinations described in 9.E.3.a.3. or 9.E.3.a.6. for gas turbine engines.

9B005Wassenaar Arrangement1 thresholds

On-line (real time) control systems, instrumentation (including sensors) or automated data acquisition and processing equipment, specially designed for use with any of the following:

3 sub-entries

9B006Wassenaar Arrangement1 thresholds

Acoustic vibration test equipment capable of producing sound pressure levels of 160 dB or more (referenced to 20 μPa) with a rated output of 4 kW or more at a test cell temperature exceeding 1,273 K (1,000°C), and specially designed quartz heaters therefor.

9B007Wassenaar Arrangement

Equipment specially designed for inspecting the integrity of rocket motors and using Non-Destructive Test (NDT) techniques other than planar x-ray or basic physical or chemical analysis.

9B008Wassenaar Arrangement1 thresholds

Direct measurement wall skin friction transducers specially designed to operate at a test flow total (stagnation) temperature exceeding 833 K (560°C).

9B009Wassenaar Arrangement

Tooling specially designed for producing gas turbine engine powder metallurgy rotor components having all of the following:

2 sub-entries

9B010Wassenaar Arrangement

Equipment specially designed for the "production" of items specified in 9.A.12.

9B105MTCR

Aerodynamic test facilities for speeds of Mach 0,9 or more, usable for ‘missiles’ and their subsystems.

9B106MTCR8 thresholds

Environmental chambers and anechoic chambers, as follows:

2 sub-entries

9B107MTCR4 thresholds

Aerothermodynamic test facilities, usable for ‘missiles’, ‘missile’ rocket propulsion systems, and reentry vehicles and equipment specified in 9A116, having any of the following characteristics:

2 sub-entries

9B115MTCR

Specially designed "production equipment" for the systems, sub-systems and components specified in 9A005 to 9A009, 9A011, 9A101, 9A102, 9A105 to 9A109, 9A111, 9A116 to 9A120.

9B116MTCR

Specially designed "production facilities" for the space launch vehicles specified in 9A004, or systems, sub-systems, and components specified in 9A005 to 9A009, 9A011, 9A101, 9A102, 9A104 to 9A109, 9A111, 9A116 to 9A120 or ‘missiles’.

9B117MTCR

Test benches or test stands for solid or liquid propellant rockets or rocket motors, having either of the following characteristics:

2 sub-entries

Group C - Materials2

9C108MTCR

Insulation material in bulk form and "interior lining", other than those specified in 9A008, for rocket motor cases usable in "missiles" or specially designed for solid propellant rocket engines specified in 9A007 or 9A107.

9C110MTCR

Resin impregnated fibre prepregs and metal coated fibre preforms therefor, for composite structures, laminates and manufactures specified in 9A110, made either with organic matrix or metal matrix utilising fibrous or filamentary reinforcements having a "specific tensile strength" greater than 7,62 × 10^4 m and a "specific modulus" greater than 3,18 × 10^6 m.

Group D - Software9

9D001Wassenaar Arrangement

"Software", not specified in 9.D.3. or 9.D.4., specially designed or modified for the "development" of equipment or "technology", specified in 9.A., 9.B. or 9.E.3.

9D002Wassenaar Arrangement

"Software", not specified in 9.D.3. or 9.D.4., specially designed or modified for the "production" of equipment specified in 9.A. or 9.B.

9D003Wassenaar Arrangement

"Software" incorporating "technology" specified in 9.E.3.h. and used in Full Authority Digital Engine Control "(FADEC) Systems" for systems specified in 9.A. or equipment specified in 9.B.

9D004Wassenaar Arrangement

c. "Software" specially designed to control directional-solidification or single-crystal material growth in equipment specified in 9.B.1.a. or 9.B.1.c.;

7 sub-entries

9D005Wassenaar Arrangement

"Software" specially designed or modified for the operation of items specified in 9.A.4.e. or 9.A.4.f.

9D101MTCR

"Software" specially designed or modified for the "use" of goods specified in 9B105, 9B106, 9B116 or 9B117.

9D103MTCR

"Software" specially designed for modelling, simulation or design integration of the space launch vehicles specified in 9A004, sounding rockets specified in 9A104 or "missiles", or the subsystems specified in 9A005, 9A007, 9A105, 9A106.c., 9A107, 9A108.c., 9A116 or 9A119.

9D104MTCR

"Software" as follows:

2 sub-entries

9D105MTCR

"Software" specially designed or modified to coordinate the function of more than one subsystem, other than that specified in 9D004.e., in space launch vehicles specified in 9A004 or sounding rockets specified in 9A104 or ‘missiles’

Group E - Technology4

9E001Wassenaar Arrangement

"Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "development" of equipment or "software", specified in 9.A.4. to 9.A.12., 9.B. or 9.D.

9E002Wassenaar Arrangement

"Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "production" of equipment specified in 9.A.4. to 9.A.11. or 9.B.

9E003Wassenaar Arrangement6 thresholds

i. "Technology" for gas turbine engine adjustable flow path systems designed to maintain engine stability for gas generator turbines, fan or power turbines, or propelling nozzles, as follows: 1. "Development" "technology" for deriving the functional requirements for the components that maintain engine stability; 2. "Development" or "production" "technology" for components unique to the adjustable flow path system and that maintain engine stability; 3. "Development" "technology" for the control law algorithms, including "source code", unique to the adjustable flow path system and that maintain engine stability;

54 sub-entries

9E102MTCR

"Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "use" of space launch vehicles specified in 9A004, goods specified in 9A005 to 9A011, "UAV`s specified in 9A012 or goods specified in 9A101, 9A102, 9A104 to 9A111, 9A112.a., 9A115 to 9A121, 9B105, 9B106, 9B115, 9B116, 9B117, 9D101 or 9D103.

Category 9 - Aerospace and Propulsion

Group A - Systems, equipment and components31

Group B - Test, inspection and production equipment16

Group C - Materials2

Group D - Software9

Group E - Technology4

See also