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Category 6 - Sensors and Lasers

43 ECN entries

Category 6 has the densest ECN entries: thermal cameras (6A003, NETD threshold), image intensifier tubes (6A002, Gen III), high-power lasers (6A005, CW and pulsed power thresholds), acoustic sensors (6A001), spectrometers. Thresholds target thermal sensitivity, spatial resolution, output power, and wavelength. Typical products: FLIR, lidar, gravimeters. Sectors: defense, space, medical, industrial.

All categories

0Nuclear Materials, Facilities and Equipment 1Special Materials and Related Equipment 2Materials Processing 3Electronics 4Computers 5Telecommunications and 'Information Security'6Sensors and Lasers 7Navigation and Avionics 8Marine 9Aerospace and Propulsion

General Technology Note (GTN)

The export of 'technology' which is 'required' for the 'development', 'production' or 'use' of items controlled in Categories 0 to 9 is controlled according to the provisions in each Category. 'Technology' 'required' for the 'development', 'production' or 'use' of a controlled item remains controlled even when applicable to a non-controlled item. Controls do not apply to that 'technology' which is the minimum necessary for the installation, operation, maintenance (checking) and repair of those items which are not controlled or whose export has been authorised. Controls on 'technology' transfer do not apply to information 'in the public domain', to 'basic scientific research' or to the minimum information necessary for patent applications.

General Software Note (GSN)

The Lists do not control 'software' which is either: 1. Generally available to the public by being: a. Sold from stock at retail selling points, without restriction, by means of: (1) Over-the-counter transactions; (2) Mail order transactions; (3) Electronic transactions; or (4) Telephone call transactions; and b. Designed for installation by the user without further substantial support by the supplier; or 2. 'In the public domain'.

Category 6 - Sensors and Lasers

This category covers sensors (including acoustic, optical/infrared, imaging, radar), lasers, and related equipment. Laser controls in 6A005 specify thresholds for output power/energy depending on laser type (gas, semiconductor, solid-state), wavelength range, and mode of operation (CW vs pulsed). Sensor controls in 6A002/6A003 cover image intensifiers, focal plane arrays (FPAs), and thermal imaging cameras, with thresholds based on sensitivity, resolution, spectral range, and MCP pitch. FLIR cameras and uncooled microbolometer arrays are covered under 6A003.

Catch-All Clause - Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2021/821

Article 4(1): An authorisation shall be required for the export of dual-use items not listed in Annex I if the exporter has been informed by the competent authority that the items in question are or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for use in connection with: (a) the development, production, handling, operation, maintenance, storage, detection, identification or dissemination of chemical, biological or nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices; or (b) the development, production, maintenance or storage of missiles capable of delivering such weapons. Article 4(2): If an exporter is aware that dual-use items which he proposes to export, not listed in Annex I, are intended, in their entirety or in part, for any of the uses referred to in paragraph 1, he must notify the competent authority. That authority shall decide whether or not the export concerned is to be made subject to authorisation. Article 4(3) & (4): Member States may adopt or maintain national legislation imposing an authorisation requirement for WMD-related catch-all and military end-use catch-all.

Cyber-Surveillance Catch-All - Article 5 of Regulation (EU) 2021/821

Article 5(1): An authorisation shall be required for the export of cyber-surveillance items not listed in Annex I if the exporter has been informed by the competent authority that the items in question are or may be intended, in their entirety or in part, for use in connection with internal repression and/or the commission of serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. Article 5(2): If an exporter is aware, pursuant to its due diligence findings, that cyber-surveillance items which it proposes to export, not listed in Annex I, are intended, in their entirety or in part, for any of the uses referred to in paragraph 1, he must notify the competent authority. The exporter shall act with due diligence in particular by taking into account the nature of the end-user and the country of destination.

Group A - Systems, equipment and components16

6A001Wassenaar Arrangement35 thresholds

a. 2. d. Heading sensors having all of the following: 1. An "accuracy" of less (better) than 0.5°; and 2. Designed to operate at depths exceeding 35 m or having an adjustable or removable depth sensing device in order to operate at depths exceeding 35 m; 1. Incorporating hydrophones specified in 6.A.1.a.2.a.; 2. Incorporating multiplexed hydrophone group signal modules having all of the following characteristics:

61 sub-entries

6A002Wassenaar Arrangement (WA)36 thresholds

Optical sensors and equipment, as follows:

36 sub-entries

6A003Wassenaar Arrangement (WA)4 thresholds

Cameras and components therefor, as follows:

16 sub-entries

6A004Wassenaar Arrangement31 thresholds

d. 4. Not used since 2014 1. Largest dimension of the optical-aperture greater than 400 mm; 2. Surface roughness less than 1 nm (rms) for sampling lengths equal to or greater than 1 mm; and 3. Coefficient of linear thermal expansion's absolute magnitude less than 3x10-6/K at 25°C;

31 sub-entries

6A005Wassenaar Arrangement (WA)234 thresholds

'Lasers', components and optical equipment, as follows:

200 sub-entries

6A006Wassenaar Arrangement14 thresholds

c. "Magnetic gradiometers" as follows: 1. "Magnetic gradiometers" using multiple "magnetometers" specified in 6.A.6.a.; 2. Fibre optic "intrinsic magnetic gradiometers" having a magnetic gradient field 'sensitivity' less (better) than 0.3 nT/m (rms) per square root Hz; 3. "Intrinsic magnetic gradiometers", using "technology" other than fibre-optic "technology", having a magnetic gradient field 'sensitivity' less (better) than 0.015 nT/m (rms) per square root Hz;

18 sub-entries

6A007Wassenaar Arrangement4 thresholds

Gravity meters (gravimeters) and gravity gradiometers, as follows:

3 sub-entries

6A008Wassenaar Arrangement7 thresholds

l. Having data processing sub-systems and having any of the following: 1. 'Automatic target tracking' providing, at any antenna rotation, the predicted target position beyond the time of the next antenna beam passage; or 2. Not used since 2010 3. Not used since 2010 4. Configured to provide superposition and correlation, or fusion, of target data within six seconds from two or more 'geographically dispersed' radar sensors to improve the aggregate performance beyond that of any single sensor specified in 6.A.8.f. or 6.A.8.i. 1. ACOUSTICS - None OPTICAL SENSORS

25 sub-entries

6A102MTCR

Radiation hardened ‘detectors’, other than those specified in 6A002, specially designed or modified for protecting against nuclear effects (e.g. electromagnetic pulse (EMP), X-rays, combined blast and thermal effects) and usable for "missiles", designed or rated to withstand radiation levels which meet or exceed a total irradiation dose of 5 × 10^5 rads (silicon).

6A107MTCR1 thresholds

Gravity meters (gravimeters) and components for gravity meters and gravity gradiometers, as follows:

2 sub-entries

6A108MTCR1 thresholds

Radar systems, tracking systems and radomes, other than those specified in entry 6A008, as follows:

5 sub-entries

6A202Nuclear Suppliers Group2 thresholds

Photomultiplier tubes having both of the following characteristics: a. Photocathode area of greater than 20 cm^2; and b. Anode pulse rise time of less than 1 ns.

6A203Nuclear Suppliers Group1 thresholds

Cameras and components, other than those specified in 6A003, as follows:

18 sub-entries

6A205Nuclear Suppliers Group17 thresholds

"Lasers", "laser" amplifiers and oscillators, other than those specified in 0B001.g.5., 0B001.h.6. and 6A005, as follows:

11 sub-entries

6A225Nuclear Suppliers Group2 thresholds

Velocity interferometers for measuring velocities exceeding 1 km/s during time intervals of less than 10 microseconds.

6A226Nuclear Suppliers Group2 thresholds

Pressure sensors, as follows:

2 sub-entries

Group B - Test, inspection and production equipment7

6B002Wassenaar Arrangement

Masks and reticles, specially designed for optical sensors specified in 6.A.2.a.1.b. or 6.A.2.a.1.d. 3. CAMERAS - None OPTICS

6B004Wassenaar Arrangement1 thresholds

Optical equipment as follows:

2 sub-entries

6B005Wassenaar Arrangement

LASERS - None

6B006Wassenaar Arrangement

MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS - None GRAVIMETERS

6B007Wassenaar Arrangement1 thresholds

Equipment to produce, align and calibrate land-based gravity meters with a static "accuracy" of less (better) than 0.1 mGal. RADAR

6B008Wassenaar Arrangement

Pulse radar cross-section measurement systems having transmit pulse widths of 100 ns or less, and specially designed components therefor.

6B108MTCR

Systems, other than those specified in 6B008, specially designed for radar cross section measurement usable for ‘missiles’ and their subsystems.

Group C - Materials8

6C001Wassenaar Arrangement

ACOUSTICS - None OPTICAL SENSORS

6C002Wassenaar Arrangement

b. 2. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) of any purity level; or 3. Mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) of any purity level.

5 sub-entries

6C003Wassenaar Arrangement

CAMERAS - None OPTICS

6C004Wassenaar Arrangement10 thresholds

e. Glass, including fused silica, phosphate glass, fluorophosphate glass, zirconium fluoride (ZrF4) (CAS 7783-64-4) and hafnium fluoride (HfF4) (CAS 13709-52-9) and having all of the following: 1. A hydroxyl ion (OH-) concentration of less than 5 ppm; 2. Integrated metallic purity levels of less than 1 ppm; and 3. High homogeneity (index of refraction variance) less than  5 x 10-6;

15 sub-entries

6C005Wassenaar Arrangement4 thresholds

"Laser" materials as follows:

6 sub-entries

6C006Wassenaar Arrangement

MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS - None

6C007Wassenaar Arrangement

GRAVIMETERS - None

6C008Wassenaar Arrangement

RADAR - None 1. "Software" specially designed for the "development" or "production" of equipment specified in 6.A.4., 6.A.5., 6.A.8. or 6.B.8. 2. "Software" specially designed for the "use" of equipment specified in 6.A.2.b., 6.A.8. or 6.B.8. 3. Other "software" as follows: ACOUSTICS

Group D - Software6

6D001Wassenaar Arrangement

"Software" specially designed for the "development" or "production" of equipment specified in 6A004, 6A005, 6A008 or 6B008.

6D002Wassenaar Arrangement

"Software" specially designed for the "use" of equipment specified in 6A002.b., 6A008 or 6B008.

6D003Wassenaar Arrangement1 thresholds

h. "Software" as follows: 1. Air Traffic Control (ATC) "software" designed to be hosted on general purpose computers located at Air Traffic Control centres and capable of accepting radar target data from more than four primary radars; 2. "Software" for the design or "production" of radomes having all of the following:

19 sub-entries

6D102MTCR

"Software" specially designed or modified for the "use" of goods specified in 6A108.

6D103MTCR

"Software" which processes post-flight, recorded data, enabling determination of vehicle position throughout its flight path, specially designed or modified for ‘missiles’.

6D203Nuclear Suppliers Group

"Software" specially designed to enhance or release the performance of cameras or imaging devices to meet the characteristics of 6A203.a. to 6A203.c.

Group E - Technology6

6E001Wassenaar Arrangement

"Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "development" of equipment, materials or "software" specified in 6.A., 6.B., 6.C. or 6.D.

6E002Wassenaar Arrangement

"Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "production" of equipment or materials specified in 6.A., 6.B. or 6.C.

6E003Wassenaar Arrangement4 thresholds

d. "Technology" as follows: 1. "Technology" "required" for the coating and treatment of optical surfaces to achieve an 'optical thickness' uniformity of 99.5% or better for optical coatings 500 mm or more in diameter or major axis length and with a total loss (absorption and scatter) of less than 5 x 10-3; For the purposes of 6.E.3.d.1., 'optical thickness' is the mathematical product of the index of refraction and the physical thickness of the coating. 2. "Technology" for the fabrication of optics using single point diamond turning techniques to produce surface finish "accuracies" of less (better) than 10 nm rms on non-planar surfaces exceeding 0.5 m2; LASERS

4 sub-entries

6E101MTCR

"Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "use" of equipment or "software" specified in 6A002, 6A007.b. and .c., 6A008, 6A102, 6A107, 6A108, 6B108, 6D102 or 6D103.

6E201Nuclear Suppliers Group

"Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "use" of equipment specified in 6A003, 6A005.a.2., 6A005.b.2., 6A005.b.3., 6A005.b.4., 6A005.b.6., 6A005.c.2., 6A005.d.3.c., 6A005.d.4.c., 6A202, 6A203, 6A205, 6A225 or 6A226.

6E203Nuclear Suppliers Group

"Technology", in the form of codes or keys, to enhance or release the performance of cameras or imaging devices to meet the characteristics of 6A203.a. to 6A203.c.

Category 6 - Sensors and Lasers

Group A - Systems, equipment and components16

Group B - Test, inspection and production equipment7

Group C - Materials8

Group D - Software6

Group E - Technology6

See also